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Building Better Graphical User Interfaces for CACSD - The Case for Object-Oriented Programming

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1991年第4期24卷 147-151页

作者： C.P. Jobling Control and Computer-aided Engineering Research Group Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. University of Wales Swansea UK

Graphical user interfaces are becoming the de facto standard for all kinds of applications on computers that range from IBM-PC compatibles to super workstations. Graphical user interfaces are. however, notoriously difficult to create. In this paper we review the changing expectations of computer users which are a direct result of developments in computer graphics. The support for these changing requirements that are provided by the current standards are discussed and finally the development of object-oriented programming and its relationship to graphical user interfaces are presented. The conclusions discuss the potential benefits that the new programming methodology provides for the development of future interfaces for CACSD systems.

关键词： computer-aided design control system design computer graphics programming languages programming support object-oriented programming

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Intelligent Adaptive control of Mode-Switch Processes

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1991年第1期24卷 145-150页

作者： R.A. Hilhorst J. van Amerongen P. Löhnberg H.J.A.F. Tulleken Control Systems and Computer Engineering Group Dept of Electrical Engineering University of Twente and Mechatronics Research Centre Twente P. O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands Process Systems Group Dept of Mathematics & Systems Engineering Koninklijke/Shell-Laboratorium (Shell Research B.V.) P.O. Box 3003 1003 AA Amsterdam The Netherlands

The intelligence of controllers has increased over the decades. However, the number of applications of adaptive controllers is still restricted, due to practical limits of the implemented continuous adaptation. For processes which operate only in a limited number of modes (so called mode-switch processes), constant adaptation is not needed or desired. In this paper an intelligent extension of adaptive control will be presented, in which process behaviour can be stored in a memory, retrieved from it and evaluated for each mode of operation. This intelligent memory concept leads to an adaptive control structure which, after a learning phase, quickly adjusts the controller parameters based on retrieval of old information, without the need to relearn every time. This approach has been tested on a simulation model of an assembly robot, but it is directly applicable to many processes in the (petro)chemical industry.

关键词： Adaptive control Supervisory control Automatic tuning Mode-switch Processes Bumpless transfer

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CAD CAM MANUFACTURING OF PROTOTYPE SHIPBOARD COMPONENTS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 93-99页

作者： CALVERT, TE RODRIGUEZ, FA SLEBZAK, JS Thomas E. Calvert P.E.: is a senior project engineer with the Propulsion and Auxiliary Systems Department David Taylor Research Center Annapolis Md. His interests include application of computers to all aspects of engineering with particular emphasis on utilization of small computers. Mr. Calvert is a licensed professional engineer in Maryland. He received a BSEE from Drexel University in 1969 and since that time has completed a number of graduate courses related to machinery acoustics. Francisco A. Rodriguez:is an engineer with the Propulsion and Auxiliary Systems Department David Taylor Research Center. He was formerly with the Computer-Aided Design/Interactive Graphics Group of the Division of Engineering and Weapons U.S. Naval Academy. His interests include interfacing the computer aided design to the computer aided manufacturing along with related software and hardware development. Mr. Rodriguez received a BSEEfrom the University of Virginia in 1968. James S. Slebzak:is a mechanical engineering technician with the Propulsion and Auxiliary Systems Department David Taylor Research Center. He received his machinists papers in 1971 after serving his apprenticeship at David Taylor Research Center. He continued his education and became the senior numerical control programmer at the Annapolis Laboratory. He completed his mechanical technology degree from Anne Arundel Community College in 1986. His interests are in the application of numerically controlled manufacturing techniques to prototype machinery components.

The machine shop at the Annapolis Laboratory of the David Taylor research Center (DTRC) provides model making and prototype support to a large variety of naval ship related engineering projects. In order to meet these challenging requirements, computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques are being used to produce “one of a kind” prototypes or very low volume production parts. The use of computer aides in these cases is to facilitate the accurate manufacture of a difficult part, rather than to improve manufacturing efficiencies. In addition, the approach provides the flexibility required to support research and development projects. Several examples of prototype shipboard components manufactured using CAD/CAM techniques are presented in this paper. The hardware and software that facilitated these projects are discussed. The examples described have met the requirements to produce a wide variety of prototype shipboard machinery components quickly and accurately.

关键词： Ship Equipment

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computer-SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE CONCEPTS FOR FUTURE COMBAT SYSTEMS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 43-62页

作者： ZITZMAN, LH FALATKO, SM PAPACH, JL Dr. Lewis H. Zitzman:is the group supervisor of the Advanced Systems Design Group Fleet Systems Department The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL). He has been employed at JHU/APL since 1972 performing applied research in computer science and in investigating and applying advanced computer technologies to Navy shipboard systems. He is currently chairman of Aegis Computer Architecture Data Bus and Fiber Optics Working Group from which many concepts for this paper were generated. Dr. Zitzman received his B.S. degree in physics from Brigham Young University in 1963 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the University of Illinois in 1967 and 1972 respectively. Stephen M. Falatko:was a senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated for the majority of this effort. He is currently employed at ManTech Services Corporation. During his eight-year career first at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and currently with ManTech Mr. Falatko's work has centered around the development of requirements and specifications for future Navy systems and the application of advanced technology to Navy command and control systems. He is a member of both the Computer Architecture Fiber Optics and Data Bus Working Group and the Aegis Fiber Optics Working Group. Mr. Falatko received his B.S. degree in aerospace engineering with high distinction from the University of Virginia in 1982 and his M.S. degree in applied physics from The Johns Hopkins University in 1985. Mr. Falatko is a member of Tau Beta Pi Sigma Gamma Tau the American Society of Naval Engineers and the U.S. Naval Institute. Janet L. Papach:is a section leader and senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated. She has ten years' experience as an analyst supporting NavSea Spa War and the U.S. Department of State. She currently participates in working group efforts under Aegis Combat System Doctrin

This paper sets forth computer systems architecture concepts for the combat system of the 2010–2030 timeframe that satisfy the needs of the next generation of surface combatants. It builds upon the current Aegis computer systems architecture, expanding that architecture while preserving, and adhering to, the Aegis fundamental principle of thorough systems engineering, dedicated to maintaining a well integrated, highly reliable, and easily operable combat system. The implementation of these proposed computer systems concepts in a coherent architecture would support the future battle force capable combat system and allow the expansion necessary to accommodate evolutionary changes in both the threat environment and the technology then available to effectively counter that threat. Changes to the current Aegis computer architecture must be carefully and effectively managed such that the fleet will retain its combat readiness capability at all times. This paper describes a possible transition approach for evolving the current Aegis computer architecture to a general architecture for the future. The proposed computer systems architecture concepts encompass the use of combinations of physically distributed, microprocessor-based computers, collocated with the equipment they support or embedded within the equipment itself. They draw heavily on widely used and available industry standards, including instruction set architectures (ISAs), backplane busses, microprocessors, computer programming languages and development environments, and local area networks (LANs). In this proposal, LANs, based on fiber optics, will provide the interconnection to support system expandability, redundancy, and higher data throughput rates. A system of cross connected LANs will support a high level of combat system integration, spanning the major warfare areas, and will facilitate the coordination and development of a coherent multi-warfare tactical picture supporting the future combatant command st

关键词： computer Architecture

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User interface standards for control system design applications

User interface standards for control system design applicati...

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IEEE International Symposium on computer aided control System Design (CACSD)

作者： H.A. Barker M. Chen I.T. Harvey P.W. Grant C.P. Jobling A. Parkman P. Townsend Control and Computer Aided Engineering Research Group Departments of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Mathematics and Computer Science University College of Swansea University of Wales Swansea UK

Aspects of the design and specification of a generic graphical user interface for control system design and the emerging standards for user interface implementation that underlie it are discussed. The use of this interface in future design environments should permit the rapid development of novel design methods and at the same time, by enforcing a consistent look and feel across applications, make the transfer of new knowledge much simpler than is possible at present. A brief history of computer-aided control system design (CACSD) is given. Advantages of sophisticated graphical user interfaces and standards for user interface development are discussed. A description of how an existing CACSD package has been redesigned to take on board the latest user interface technology is included.< >

关键词： User interfaces control systems Packaging History Power engineering and energy computer graphics Workstations computer interfaces Application software Design engineering

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computer-aided-DESIGN OF AN N-MOS CUSTOM IC-SUBSCRIBER CHIP OF THE 32-LINES MICROPROCESSOR BASED PAX (PRIVATE AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE) SYSTEM

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MICROELECTRONICS AND RELIABILITY 1985年第3期25卷 425-436页

作者： SRIVASTAVA, A SINGH, S PAVATE, KD Computer-Aided Design Group Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute Extension Centre CSIR Complex Hillside Road New Delhi-110012 India

A 40-pin custom IC-“Subscriber Chip” of the subscriber module of the Intel 8085A microprocessor based PAX system (32P 4 -32 lines and four parallel conversations) has been designed using CAD techniques. The chip design is based on the LOCOS n -MOS(E-D) process, 8 micron minimum feature size geometries, λ-based design rules and the cell based design approach. DIF-POL contact for the gate-source interconnection of the depletion load transistors has been made with the buried contacts. System routing has been done on two layers: metal and polysilicon/diffusion. Single metal layer has been used for power and ground routing having interdigitated structure. Chip has also been designed for its testability analysis based on the chip partioning approach. Two phases of the testing have been evolved and the test pattern generation sequences got fully integrated with the chip layout. Latest CAD techniques: Applicon AGS/860 VLSI Interactive Graphics Design System, MOS circuit simulation program MSINC and Design Rule Check program (DRC) have been used for the design and chip layout. The entire chip has been laid-out in the area of 3.35 × 3.35 mm 2 integrating around 500 components including test devices and structures for the evaluation of devices and process parameters. The Electromask pattern generation (PG) tape has been prepared for making chrome masks. A set of eight masks are to be used in the fabrication of the chip and encapsulated in 40 pin LSI package. The subscriber chip makes the PAX system design simple and reliable.

关键词： INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, LSI

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FIRE MAIN control

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第6期97卷 35-48页

作者： MALKOFF, DB MOY, MC WILLIAMS, HL Dr. Donald B. Malkoff majored in physics as an undergraduate at Harvard University. He received an M.D. degree from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in 1960. This was followed by an internship and residency in neurology at University Hospital in Ann Arbor Michigan. He spent several years at the National Institutes of Health engaged in gerontology research has practiced and taught clinical neurology and in 1983 received an M.S. degree in computer science at the University of California San Diego. Currently Dr. Malkoff is employed by the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center in San Diego California where he is senior investigator in a human factor/computer display-and-control project involving the DDG-51 gas turbine propulsion unit. He is a member of the American Academy of Neurology the Society for Neuroscience the American Association for Artificial Intelligence and the Association for Computing Machinery. Dr. Malkoff is certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology has taught computer science at UCSD and published in several research areas including magnetoencephalography and electron microscopy. His basic interests are in the areas of artificial intelligence and learning expert systems particularly as they apply to the problems of fault-detection and control. Dr. Melvyn C. Moy received his undergraduate training in mathematics and chemistry at the University of Texas Austin. He studied experimental psychology at the University of Wisconsin Madison receiving his M.S. in 1970 and Ph.D. in 1972. He served as an assistant professor at the University of South Dakota where he taught experimental design and methodology for a year before joining the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center in 1973. His work and research since then spans across many application areas such as the development of manpower planning models for the Navy the design of operational decision aids the human engineering of interactive large-scale war gaming systems and the evaluation o

The ship fire main has undergone considerable development throughout the past 2,000 years, resulting in a system that is critical both for normal ship function and for ship survivability in emergencies. Because of its complexity, the modern firemain system is highly vulnerable to malfunction and to damage during combat. Firemain fault detection and fault recovery are currently conducted manually by damage control teams. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are discussed, and alternative methods of fault detection and recovery are explored. An interactive computer program is introduced which uses central control over remotely situated valves to facilitate fault detection and recovery, significantly reducing recovery-time and manpower requirements. These reductions may result in savings of lives, ship systems, and ships themselves. The computer program is based upon an algorithm which is, in effect, a prescription that can be followed manually by the operator or be completely automated. The color graphic display which is used for monitoring can also be utilized for the training of damage control operators or for the evaluation of other algorithms for firemain control. Alternative firemain hardware and configurations could lead to even more efficient methods of fault detection and recovery as well as improved firemain water supply management in general.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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THE NO FRAME CONCEPT - ITS IMPACT ON SHIPYARD COST

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 218-232页

作者： NAPPI, NS WALZ, RW WIERNICKI, CJ Natale S. Nappi:graduated from City College of New York in 1954 with a B.S. degree in civil engineering and received his M.S. in civil engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1959. He began his professional career in 1954 at the New York Naval Shipyard as a naval architect (structures) performing detail structural design and fabrication studies for CVAs LPDs DDs and CGs and eventually became a supervisory naval architect (structures). From 1965 to 1973 he was a member of the staff of the Computer-Aided Design Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC). As such he was involved in the development of the computer structural design tool the SSDP (in association with Frank M. Lev) and automated detail design programs (CASDOS). His current position is Senior Naval Architect Consultant in the structural integrity group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department DTNSRDC. Mr. Nappi is the author and co-author of numerous technical papers and reports covering a wide spectrum of topics such as automated structural design process design for producibility and survivability material weight and cost trade-off studies and structural weight determination for high performance ships (i.e. SES SWATH HYSWAS). He has lectured on the subjects of design for survivability and ship structures at the Naval Post Graduate School and MIT. He is a member of ASNE ASCE U.S. Naval Institute Sigma Xi and is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of New York. Mr. Nappi was a member of the NAVSEA working commitee for the computer supported design planning effort and is currently a member of the DTNSRDC ASSET Advisory Committee. Ronald W. Walz:graduated in 1974 from Pennsylvania State University with a B.S. degree in civil engineering. He began his professional career in 1974 at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center as a structural engineer in the structural design concepts group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department.

A proposed cost effective alternative to current U.S. Navy structurally configured hulls is presented in this paper. This proposed design for producibility concept involves the elimination of structural stanchions and transverse web frames. The potential impact of this “no frame” concept on structural design, weight and construction and material costs for naval surface frigates and destroyers is reflected in 1) reduced costs for the installation of distributive systems and 2) a reduced number and complexity of structural details providing a more reliable and less costly structure. This study was performed in three parts: 1) Determine the most feasible length between bulkheads without frames; 2) Using this length perform detail weight studies and construction and material costs analysis comparison on a 72-foot long hull module, with and without frames, for a FFG-7, and 3) Estimate the saving in man hours of labor on the installation of distributive systems and shipfitting for an FFG-7. For the feasible length studies on the “no frame” structural configuration, thirty-seven strength, weight and vertical center of gravity studies were performed on two ship classes; twenty-two on the FFG-7 class and fifteen on the DD-963 class. The detailed weight studies and construction and material cost analyses were conducted for FFG-7 “no frame” and “as built” modules. Results indicating the “no frame” concept module was 6.8% heavier and 14.8% less costly than the “as built” module. For the impact of an FFG-7 “no frame” structurally configured hull on the cost of labor required for the installation of distributive systems and for other functional work such as ship fitting, welding, and electrical, this study indicated a reduction of 169,206 labor hours per ship, representing 7.12% of the total required man hours to fabricate an FFG-7 class ship. With the employment of the “no frame” concept, certain areas of significant concern and potential risk were addressed. These include: 1) t

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ARCTIC TRAFFICABILITY PROGRAM - A REVIEW

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 169-175页

作者： VOELKER, R GLEN, IF SEIBOLD, F BAYLY, I Richard Voelker:is Vice President of ARCTEC Incorporated a firm specializing in cold regions technology. He has been responsible for the management of thePolarClass Traffic-ability Program since its inception and annually participates in the field data collection in the Arctic. His prior experience includes positions with the U.S. Coast Guard in the icebreaker design project the Military Sealift Command and at Newport News Shipbuilding. He is a graduate of N. Y.S. Maritime College and has a MS degree from the University of Michigan. I.F. Glen:received his professional degrees in naval architecture from the Royal Naval Engineering College Manadon Plymouth and RN College Greenwich London entering the Royal Corps of Naval Constructors in 1967. After serving as a Constructor Lieutenant in the Royal Navy's Far East Fleet for a short period he joined the Polaris submarine project team in Bath England in 1968. In 1971 he was seconded to the Canadian Department of National Defense in Ottawa as a Constructor Lieutenant Commander under NATO exchange arrangements where he had responsibilities initially for conventional submarines and latterly for computer aided conceptual design. He ventured to Bath England in 1974 and joined Forward Design Group. In 1975 he took a position as a civilian engineer in the Canadian Defense Department and was Head of Hull Systems Engineering from 1977 to 1979. He joined ARCTEC CANADA LIMITED in 1980 and in addition to managing ice model testing projects and full scale trials has specialized in structural response of ships to ice impact. He headed ARCTEC's Kanata Laboratory from 1981 to 1983 when he was promoted to president. Frederick Seibold:is a research program manager with the Maritime Administration's Office of Advanced Ship Development and Technology. He is responsible for the marine science program which includes research in the areas of ship powering structures and propeller performance and Arctic technology. Mr. Seibold has been employed by Mar Ad since 1961 having hel

This paper describes a multiyear program to make an operational assessment on the feasibility of a year-round Arctic marine transportation system to serve Alaska. Specifically, the three objectives were to: collect meteorological and ice data along potential marine routes; instrument the hull and propulsion machinery to improve design critera for ice-worthy ships; and demonstrate that ships can operate in midwinter Alaskan Arctic ice conditions. The U.S. Coast Guard's Polar class icebreakers were used to make the operational assessment by annually extending the route northward and by operating throughout the winter season. This paper reviews some of the operational and technical achievements to date, as well as plans for future Arctic deployments.

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AN ADVANCED METHODOLOGY FOR PRELIMINARY HULL FORM DEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第4期96卷 147-161页

作者： LIN, WC DAY, WG HOUGH, JJ KEANE, RG WALDEN, DA KOH, IY Wen-Chin Lin:heads the Ship Powering Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center (DTNSRDC). Dr. Lin received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the National Taiwan University in 1957. He was awarded his M.S. degree in naval architecture and Ph.D. in engineering science from the University of California at Berkeley in 1963 and 1966 respectively. From 1966 to 1969 he was employed by ESSO Research and Engineering Company to conduct marine hydrodynamic research for oil tankers and offshore structures. Since joining DTNSRDC in 1969 he has actively conducted and directed hydrodynamic research to advance naval ship design technology and improve ship performance. Active in national and international symposia on ship hydrodynamic research he is recognized for contributions to the ship research community. For the past six years he has been a member of the Performance Committee of the ITTC and currently serves as secretary of the committee. He is a member of SNAME and the Society of Naval Architects of Japan. William G. Day Jr:. has been employed as a naval architect at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center since receiving a B.E.S. degree from the Johns Hopkins University in 1966. He obtained an M.S. E. degree from George Washington University in 1971. As Head Design Evaluation Branch of the Ship Performance Department he is responsible for model experiments to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of ships and propulsors. He is a member of ASNE and SNAME. In-Young Koh:received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Lowell University in 1969 and 1971 respectively and his Ph.D. in applied mechanics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1976. Dr. Koh joined DTNSRDC as an electronic engineer specializing in the application of advanced instrumentation and computer techniques to ship research and design. He is currently engaged in research and development of active control systems for naval ship applications. Dr. Koh is a member of ASNE SNAME and IEEE. David Andrew Walden:is

A ship design methodology is presented for developing hull forms that attain improved performance in both seakeeping and resistance. Contrary to traditional practice, the methodology starts with developing a seakeeping-optimized hull form without making concessions to other performance considerations, such as resistance. The seakeeping-optimized hull is then modified to improve other performance characteristics without degrading the seakeeping. Presented is a point-design example produced by this methodology. Merits of the methodology and the point design are assessed on the basis of theoretical calculations and model experiments. This methodology is an integral part of the Hull Form Design System (HFDS) being developed for computer-supported naval ship design. The modularized character of HFDS and its application to hull form development are discussed.

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