Many real world applications would involve grasp of large objects in unstructured environments. Agent-based approach to multi-robot grasp of objects would prove useful under the above circumstances. In this paper, the...
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Many real world applications would involve grasp of large objects in unstructured environments. Agent-based approach to multi-robot grasp of objects would prove useful under the above circumstances. In this paper, the problem of form closure grasp for planar convex objects by multiple robots is tackled. Contrary to the previous approaches, no a priori information about the shape of the object is assumed, and the robots are not allowed to fully communicate among themselves. A distributed multi-agent based approach using Q-learning is proposed. The state space, action set and learning algorithm are formulated. The results are verified through simulations using a developed Q-learning test bed.
In this paper, a cluster-based framework is introduced for comparing analysis methods of functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI). In the proposed framework, fMRI data is replaced with a feature space and each meth...
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In this paper, a cluster-based framework is introduced for comparing analysis methods of functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI). In the proposed framework, fMRI data is replaced with a feature space and each method considered as a clustering method in the new space. As a result, different methods can be compared by means of a cluster validity measure. The feature space is computed using a non-parametric method (principal component analysis-PCA). Four subjects have been analyzed with three methods and the proposed cluster-based framework has evaluated performance of the methods. The results are identical to those of the modified receiver operating characteristics (ROC). This validates the proposed approach.
Automatic segmentation of brain tissues is crucial to many medical imaging applications. We use a multi-resolution analysis and a power transform to extend the well-known Gaussian mixture model expectation maximizatio...
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Automatic segmentation of brain tissues is crucial to many medical imaging applications. We use a multi-resolution analysis and a power transform to extend the well-known Gaussian mixture model expectation maximization based algorithm for segmentation of white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the brain. Experimental results with near 4000 synthetic and real images are included. The results illustrate that the proposed method outperforms six existing methods.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a non-invasive technique for assessing biochemical fingerprint of tissue composition. The need to differentiate between normal and abnormal tissues and determine type...
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Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a non-invasive technique for assessing biochemical fingerprint of tissue composition. The need to differentiate between normal and abnormal tissues and determine type of abnormality before biopsy or surgery motivated development and application of MRSI. There are several technical reasons that make the brain easier than other organs to be examined with MRSI. This work presents our proposed methods and results for the analysis of the brain spectra of patients with three tumor types (malignant glioma, astrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma). After extracting features from MRSI data using wavelet and wavelet packets, we use artificial neural networks to determine the abnormal spectra and the type of abnormality. We evaluated the proposed methods using clinical and simulated MRSI data and biopsy results. The MRSI analysis results were correct 97% of the time when classifying the spectra of the clinical MRSI data into normal tissue, tumor, and radiation necrosis. They were correct 72% and 83% of the time when determining tumor types using the clinical and simulated MRSI data, respectively.
Despite its potential advantages for fMRI analysis, fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering suffers from limitations such as the need for a priori knowledge of the number of clusters, and unknown statistical significance and i...
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Despite its potential advantages for fMRI analysis, fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering suffers from limitations such as the need for a priori knowledge of the number of clusters, and unknown statistical significance and instability of the results. We propose a randomization-based method to control the false positive rate and estimate statistical significance of the FCM results. Using this novel approach, we develop an fMRI activation detection method. The ability of the method in controlling the false positive rate is shown by analysis of false positives in activation maps of resting-state fMRI data. controlling the false positive rate in FCM allows comparison of different fuzzy clustering methods, using different feature spaces, to other fMRI detection methods. In this paper, using simulation and real fMRI data, we compare a novel feature space that takes the variability of the hemodynamic response function into account (HRF-based feature space) to the conventional cross-correlation analysis and FCM using the cross-correlation feature space.
Using other agents' experiences and knowledge, a learning agent may learn faster, make fewer mistakes, and create some rides for unseen situations. These benefits will be gained if the learning agents know the are...
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Using other agents' experiences and knowledge, a learning agent may learn faster, make fewer mistakes, and create some rides for unseen situations. These benefits will be gained if the learning agents know the area of expertise and the expertness values of each other. In this paper, some Q-learning agents with different skills and expertness levels cooperate in learning. The agents use some criteria to judge others information and knowledge. Four expertness criterion, certainty and entropy measures are used to assign degrees of importance to others' Q-Tables. Effects of measuring these values based on their whole Q-Table, a portion of Q-Tables that reflects their proficiencies, and the states in Q-Tables on the learning quality are studied. Simple strategy sharing and two different weighted strategy-sharing methods are used to combine the acquired knowledge from different agents.
In multiagent reinforcement learning, inter-agent credit assignment is a fundamental problem, since a single scalar reinforcement signal is the only reliable feedback that teams of learning agents receive. This proble...
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In multiagent reinforcement learning, inter-agent credit assignment is a fundamental problem, since a single scalar reinforcement signal is the only reliable feedback that teams of learning agents receive. This problem is more critical in groups of independent learners with a joint task. In this research, it is assumed that a critic agent receives the environment feedback and assigns a proper credit to each agent using some measures. Three of such measures for a team of cooperative agents with a parallel and AND-type task are introduced. These measures somehow compare the agents' knowledge. One of these criteria, called normal expertness, is a non-relative measure while two other ones (certainty and relative normal expertness) are relative measure. It is experimentally shown that relative measures work better as they contain more information for the critic agent.
This paper focuses on distributed fault recovery in agent-based systems by providing help for faulty members. In the presented method, if one faulty agent requests for help or agents are informed of fault in one of th...
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This paper focuses on distributed fault recovery in agent-based systems by providing help for faulty members. In the presented method, if one faulty agent requests for help or agents are informed of fault in one of their teammates, they first decide if they are able to help or not. In the case that they are able to help and several help requests exist, helper agents specify a sequence of help actions through another distributed decision-making phase. The introduced fault clearing method is totally distributed in the sense that each helper agent makes its decisions by itself and no central or special agent exists in the system. In fact, the decision making process and the required information are designed such that the agents cooperate implicitly to prevent the system performance loss. The developed ideas are implemented in a simulated distributed control system. As it is shown, the proposed distributed fault-clearing method through reconfiguring the agents' roles is very effective.
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