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Emission control status and future perspectives of diesel trucks in China

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 702-713页

作者： Shihai Zhang Mingliang Fu Hefeng Zhang Hang Yin Yan Ding State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Vehicle Emission Control Center Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Chinese diesel trucks are the main contributors to NOx and particulate matter(PM)vehicle *** increase in diesel trucks could aggravate air pollution and damage human *** Chinese government has recently implemented a series of emission control technologies andmeasures for air quality *** paper summarizes recent control technologies and measures for diesel truck emissions in China and introduces the comprehensive application of control technologies and measures in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding *** onlinemonitoring technology has been adopted according to the China VI standard for heavy-duty diesel trucks,and control measures such as transportation structure adjustment and heavy pollution enterprise classification control continue to support the battle action plan for pollution *** and suggestions are provided for promoting pollution control and supervision of diesel truck emissions:adhere to the concept of overall management and control,vigorously promote the application of systematic and technological means in emission monitoring,continuously facilitate cargo transportation structure adjustment and promote new energy freight *** paper aims to accelerate the implementation of control technologies and measures throughout *** is endeavouring to control diesel truck exhaust *** is willing to cooperate with the world to protect the global ecological environment.

关键词： Air quality Diesel truck emissions Emission control technology control measures

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Multi-Targets Visiting Orbit Design Based on Numerical Method

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Guidance,Navigation and control 2025年第1期05卷 139-148页

作者： Zenan Zhong Zhengxiang Sun Songyan Wang Tao Chao Ming Yang Control and Simulation Center Harbin Institute of Technology National Key Laboratory of Modeling and Simulation for Complex Systems Harbin Institute of Technology Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle

In this paper, for the two/three targets in the circle orbit with the same altitude, a numerical method is presented to design an orbit for a spacecraft to visit multiple targets without maneuvering. First,for the two targets' case, an equation is established by the relationship of the two angles that both are the function of the time, one of the angles is the angle between two targets' geocentric position vectors at two times, and another one is the spacecraft flight angle during the two times. The visit time can be solved by the assumption that one of the visit times is known in the equation, and the orbit element can be transferred from the position and velocity vector determined by the solved visit time. Then, for the three targets' case, the problem is decoupled into two cases of two targets, and there is a public target in each case. Based on the method for two targets, two different orbits can be obtained by determining the visit time of the public target. The difference between two orbits can be expressed by the difference in velocity vectors of the public target at different times. A sampling method is utilized to select two velocity vectors with relatively small differences as initial values, the Newton iteration method is used to obtain visit times with higher accuracy. simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the orbit design methods.

关键词： Orbit design method multiple targets visit circle orbit non-maneuvering

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Effects of surface fluoride modification on TiO_(2)for the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 561-570页

作者： Shaoyu Yuan Min Chen Xiaoxiao Qin Xueyan Chen Jianghao Zhang Changbin Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In the present study,we investigated the influence of surface fluorine(F)on TiO_(2)for the photocatalytic oxidation(PCO)of ***_(2)modified with different F content was prepared and *** was found that with the increasing of F content,the toluene conversion rate first increased and then ***,CO_(2)mineralization efficiency showed the opposite *** on the characterizations,we revealed that F substitutes the surface hydroxyl of TiO_(2)to form the structure of≡*** presence of the appropriate amount of surface≡Ti-F on TiO_(2)greatly enhanced the separation of photogenerated carriers,which facilitated the generation of·OH and promoted the activity for the PCO of *** was further revealed that the increase of only·OH promoted the conversion of toluene to ring-containing intermediates,causing the accumulation of intermediates and then conversely inhibited the·OH generation,which led to the decrease of the CO_(2)mineralization *** above results could provide guidance for the rational design of photocatalysts for toluene oxidation.

关键词： Photocatalysis TiO_(2) Toluene Fluorine

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Thermodynamic-based ecological scaling theory in urban metabolic framework:a review

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2025年第1期19卷 69-85页

作者： Gengyuan Liu Mingwan Wu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Beijing Engineering Research Center for Watershed Environmental Restoration&Integrated Ecological Regulation Beijing 100875China

Prior research has consistently demonstrated that urban economic and social systems adhere to the empirical scaling ***,a plethora of evidence,including the scale-free networks of energy metabolism,the allometric growth patterns of species and populations,and the scaling law relationship between exergy and transformity in biosphere systems across various levels,indicates that urban ecosystems exhibit multi-level scaling law characteristics in energy metabolism under self-organization,alongside significant human activity *** study synthesizes these findings to hypothesize that urban ecological components are also aligned with system-level scaling theory within the urban metabolism *** encompasses:1)the existence of multistable coexistence and mutual transformation phenomena,mirroring the dynamic nature of scaling laws;and 2)a nuanced balance between the ecosystem and the socio-economic system,particularly in the realms of spatial competition and output *** ecosystem scaling theory hypotheses of urban metabolic processes offer a theoretical foundation for identifying ecological security tipping points,which are pivotal in the strategic decision-making for ecological planning and management in the future.

关键词： Ecosystem scaling theory Urban metabolism Complexity Critical review

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Coprime Factorization-Based Encryption and Attack Detection for Nonlinear Cyber-Physical Systems Using Deep Learning Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 2025年 22卷 14020-14029页

作者： Wu, Shimeng Luo, Hao Zhang, Jiusi Qiao, Xinyu Tian, Jilun Jiang, Yuchen Harbin Institute of Technology Department of Control and Simulation Center Harbin150001 China National Key Laboratory ofComplex System Control and Intelligent Agent Cooperation Harbin150001 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Automation Engineering Chengdu611731 China

This paper presents a data-driven framework for integrating encryption transmission and attack detection in cyber-physical systems (CPS) with nonlinear physical plants. The main focus of this research is to use deep neural networks to realize the coprime factorization (CF) of nonlinear systems. The definition of the CF guides the network training and designing process, and the model’s topology is designed in the state-space form, which improves the interpretability of the data-driven CF. Based on the CF-aided neural networks, an encrypted transmission module is designed that projects information related to system dynamics into a perpendicular data space, which complements existing encryption methods from a control theory perspective. Subsequently, an anomaly detector are designed using the same CF pairs. This detector not only provides high-accuracy detection of attacks but also distinguishes between attacks and faults, thereby reducing the false positive rate and enhancing the reliability of the attack detection. The proposed method has been validated in a real CPS using a mecanum-wheeled vehicle as the physical plant, demonstrating its effectiveness and applicability. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Factorization

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Experimental Study on the Effects of Ammonia Energy Substitution Rate on Combustion and Emission Performance in a Hydrogen Engine

Experimental Study on the Effects of Ammonia Energy Substitu...

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2024 Vehicle Powertrain Diversification Technology Forum, VPD 2024

作者： Wu, Weilong Xie, Fangxi Chen, Hong Du, Jiakun Li, Yong Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control China GAC Automotive Research & Development Center China

To advance the application of zero-carbon ammonia fuel, this paper presents an experimental investigation on the potential of ammonia substitution using a 2.0L ammonia-hydrogen engine, where ammonia is injected into the intake port and hydrogen is directly injected into the cylinder. The study examines the effects of ammonia substitution rate under various load conditions on engine combustion and emission performance. Results indicate that the maximum ammonia energy substitution rate reached 98%, and within the stable combustion boundary, the mass fraction of unburned ammonia was less than 3%. The ammonia energy substitution ratio increased with load, and ammonia addition significantly suppressed pre-ignition and knocking. As ammonia content increased, ignition timing advanced, combustion duration extended, ignition delay prolonged, COV increased, peak cylinder pressure, and pressure rise rate decreased, with a corresponding decrease in peak heat release rate. Compared to a pure hydrogen engine, the ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engine significantly improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE), which continued to rise with increasing ammonia energy substitution rate. At BMEP = 0.8 MPa, BTE reached a maximum of 41.1%. With increased ammonia addition, unburned NH3 emissions in the exhaust gradually increased, while NOx emissions decreased overall, but N2O emissions showed an increasing trend. © 2025 SAE International.

关键词： Hydrogen engines

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Optimal Deployment of Target Localization With Distance-Dependent Noise

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Tian, Junxi Yang, Ming Chao, Tao Harbin Institute of Technology Control and Simulation Center National Key Laboratory of Modeling and Simulation for Complex Systems Harbin150001 China

The cooperative localization of radio-based distance measurement is one of the methods to effectively suppress the nonline of sight (NLOS) ranging errors and as a complement to visual/global navigation satellite system (GNSS) localization for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in GNSS challenging or denied environments due to its motility. Target localization can be regarded as a special case of cooperative localization. Meanwhile, the UAV can be considered as a ranging node when the ranging terminal is rigidly mounted on the UAV. To improve the target localization accuracy, the optimal deployment of anchor UAVs is one of the factors we consider when the noise characteristics are different. In this paper, the range-dependent noise in a real flight environment is considered and modeled separately according to the difference in noise characteristics. Subsequently, based on this correlation model, the Fisher information matrix (FIM) and a cost function derived from the A-optimal criterion are provided. Finally, the optimal deployment conditions and the minimum mean square error (MMSE) can be derived by minimizing the cost function as the objective. Through simulation and localization experiments, the validity of the optimal deployment conditions and the corresponding MMSE are verified. Meanwhile, it is concluded that when the noise is range-dependent, it will not affect the optimal deployment result but will significantly change the value of MMSE. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Significant changes in the physicochemical properties of BC-containing particles during the cold season in Beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 667-676页

作者： Shuya Hu Linghan Zeng Gang Zhao Shiyi Chen Chunsheng Zhao Weilun Zhao Min Hu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control International Joint Research Center for Atmospheric Research(IJRC)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

The ambient air quality has improved significantly under strict emission controls in Beijing,China over the last *** carbon(BC),as a short-lived climate forcer in ambient aerosols,profoundly impacts the air quality and *** studies have demonstrated a decline in the mass concentration of *** this study,we characterized the chemical compositions and size distributions of BC-containing particles during the cold season of 2022 in Beijing using state-of-the-art instruments capable of exclusively measuring BCcontaining *** optical properties of BC-containing particles were further calculated based on the Mie ***,we compared the properties of BC-containing particles in 2022 with the results of previous *** results showed that the diameters of BC cores became larger while the coating thickness of BC-containing particles became thinner in *** the coating materials,the mass fraction of nitrate increased obviously,and even replaced organic matter as the dominant component during the peak of the pollution *** in chemical compositions and size distributions resulted in lower mass absorption cross-sections(MAC)of BC-containing particles from 10.5±1.1 m^(2)/g in 2016 to 7.3±0.8 m^(2)/g in 2022,reduced by 30.5%.Our results demonstrate the synergistic benefits of air pollution control in improving air quality and mitigating climate ***,the MAC of BC adopted in climate models should vary with the changing air pollution *** study emphasizes that it is imperative to conduct long-term observations of BC-containing particles to better estimate BC’s climate effects.

关键词： Black carbon Chemical composition Size distribution Light absorption ability

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Dynamic-Aware and Static Context Network for large-scale 3D place recognition

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Knowledge-Based Systems 2025年 319卷

作者： Liao, Ming Di, Xiaoguang Liu, Maozhen Lv, Teng Zhang, Xiaofei Zhu, Runwen Control and Simulation Center Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China National Key Laboratory of Modeling and Simulation for Complex Systems Harbin150080 China

3D point cloud-based place recognition enables robots to obtain precise global positions without GPS, correct trajectory drift in SLAM, and recover from the kidnapped robot problem. However, in outdoor environments, the presence of moving objects can cause occlusions in point clouds and introduce noise into the data, leading to localization failures. To address this issue, we propose a Dynamic-Aware and Static Context Network (DASC-Net) for large-scale 3D place recognition. Our approach leverages the spatio-temporal consistency of point cloud sequences to accurately segment dynamic objects while incorporating static point cloud context to compensate for feature loss caused by noise interference or occlusions from dynamic objects, thereby enhancing robustness and generalization. Specifically, DASC-Net adopts a two-stage strategy: first, it introduces a coarse-to-fine moving object segmentation method to effectively eliminate dynamic noise;second, it utilizes spatial context association and multi-scale feature aggregation to improve static feature representation and matching. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that DASC-Net outperforms existing place recognition approaches, particularly in dynamic scenes. © 2025

关键词： Image segmentation

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An adaptive dual-weighted feature network for insulator detection in transmission lines

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第10期37卷 7067-7087页

作者： Zhang, Jie Wang, Xiabing Li, Yinhua Li, Dailin Wang, Fengxian Li, Linwei Zhang, Huanlong Shi, Xiaoping College of Electric and Information Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry No.5 Dongfeng Road Jinshui District Henan Province Zhengzhou450002 China Control and Simulation Center Harbin Institute of Technology No.2 yikuang street Nangang District Heilongjiang Province Harbin150008 China

In the field of electrical power applications, high-voltage insulators necessitate routine inspection to assure the security and stability of the whole electric power system operation. Accurately positioning the insulator is extremely crucial for proceeding to the insulator defect detection. However, during UAV electrical line inspection, the presence of the electric power line magnetic field engenders a reduction in the pixel representation of the insulator within the image data, thereby diminishing the accuracy of insulator detection. In response to the prevailing issues, we present the creation of the adaptive dual-weighted feature network in this paper. Simultaneously, we create an insulator dataset to substantiate the effectiveness of enhanced model in detecting small insulators. Firstly, the integration of context fusion network is employed to capture comprehensive contextual features for each effective feature map. In addition, a cross-scale residual perception network is incorporated into the neck prior to three concatenation modules, facilitating the collection of diverse information across levels. Finally, a Dual-Weighted Feature Fusion module is designed to replace the conventional concatenation pattern within the neck, thus achieving a more precise representation of object features. Experiments are conducted on the insulator dataset, the RSOD dataset and the NWPU VHR-10 dataset to evaluate the designed model, resulting in mAP values that were 3.92%, 1.55% and 2.39% higher than the YOLOv7, respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Electric insulators

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