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Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Thoracolumbar Vertebra Heterogeneity and Rib-genesis in Pigs

Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021年第3期19卷 423-436页

作者： Jianbo Li Ligang Wang Dawei Yu Junfeng Hao Longchao Zhang Adeniyi C.Adeola Bingyu Mao Yun Gao Shifang Wu Chunling Zhu Yongqing Zhang Jilong Ren Changgai Mu David M.Irwin Lixian Wang Tang Hai Haibing Xie Yaping Zhang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic AnimalsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Core Facility for Protein Research Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S1A8Canada Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China

Development of thoracolumbar vertebra(TLV)and rib primordium(RP)is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates,although whole-organism analysis of the expression dynamics of TLV-and RP-related genes has been ***,we investigated the single-cell transcriptome landscape of thoracic vertebra(TV),lumbar vertebra(LV),and RP cells from a pig embryo at 27 days post-fertilization(dpf)and identified six cell types with distinct gene expression ***-depth dissection of the gene expression dynamics and RNA velocity revealed a coupled process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis during TLV and RP *** analysis of cell type-specific and strand-specific expression uncovered the extremely high level of HOXA103′-UTR sequence specific to osteoblasts of LV cells,which may function as anti-HOXA10-antisense by counteracting the HOXA10-antisense effect to determine TLV ***,this work provides a valuable resource for understanding embryonic osteogenesis and angiogenesis underlying vertebrate TLV and RP development at the cell type-specific resolution,which serves as a comprehensive view on the transcriptional profile of animal embryo development.

关键词： scRNA-seq Thoracolumbar vertebra transition Rib-genesis Osteogenesis Angiogenesis

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Bacterial abundance and diversity in 64–74 Ma subseafloor igneous basement from the Louisville Seamount Chain

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mLife 2024年第4期3卷 578-583页

作者： Jason B.Sylvan Benjamin J.Tully Yuki Morono Jeffrey C.Alt Sharon L.Grim Fumio Inagaki Anthony A.P.Koppers Katrina J.Edwards Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research Japan Agency for Earth‐Marine Science and Technology(JAMSTEC)NankokuKochiJapan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMassachusettsUSA Advanced Institute for Marine Ecosystem Change(WPI‐AIMEC) JAMSTECYokohamaJapan Department of Earth Sciences Graduate School of ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA Department of Oceanography Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMassachusettsUSA

Impact statement The aquifer in the subseafloor igneous basement is a massive,continuous microbial substrate,yet sparingly little is known about life in this *** work to date has focused largely on describing microbial diversity in the young basement(<10 Ma),where the basaltic crust is still porous and fluid flow through it is ***,we test the hypothesis that microbial life exists in subseafloor basement>65 Ma using samples collected from the Louisville Seamount Chain via seafloor *** biomass was heterogeneous in nature,ranging from below detection to~10^(4) cells cm^(−3).Bacterial 16S rRNA genes from core samples and enrichment incubations are dominated by lineages putatively carrying out nitrogen,sulfur,and metal redox processes and hydrocarbon *** together,the data indicate that microbial life is indeed present in subseafloor igneous basement>65 Ma,which significantly expands the range of the subseafloor biosphere where microbial life is known to exist.

关键词： basaltic crust bacterial abundance fluid flow subseafloor igneous basement seafloor drillingcell microbial diversity Louisville Seamount Chain

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Artificial intelligence for geoscience:Progress,challenges,and perspectives

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The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 136-160,135页

作者： Tianjie Zhao Sheng Wang Chaojun Ouyang Min Chen Chenying Liu Jin Zhang Long Yu Fei Wang Yong Xie Jun Li Fang Wang Sabine Grunwald Bryan MWong Fan Zhang Zhen Qian Yongjun Xu Chengqing Yu Wei Han Tao Sun Zezhi Shao Tangwen Qian Zhao Chen Jiangyuan Zeng Huai Zhang Husi Letu Bing Zhang Li Wang Lei Luo Chong Shi Hongjun Su Hongsheng Zhang Shuai Yin Ni Huang Wei Zhao Nan Li Chaolei Zheng Yang Zhou Changping Huang Defeng Feng Qingsong Xu Yan Wu Danfeng Hong Zhenyu Wang Yinyi Lin Tangtang Zhang Prashant Kumar Antonio Plaza Jocelyn Chanussot Jiabao Zhang Jiancheng Shi Lizhe Wang Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Data Science in Earth Observation Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Yangtze Institute for Conservation and DevelopmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaPO Box 110290GainesvilleFLUSA Materials Science Engineering Program Cooperating Faculty Member in the Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics Astronomy University of CaliforniaCaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China College of Geography and Remote Sensing Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Geography The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077SARChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Inno

This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry,tracing the progression from traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and data collection *** models,which are grounded in physical and numerical frameworks,provide robust explanations by explicitly reconstructing underlying physical ***,their limitations in comprehensively capturing Earth’s complexities and uncertainties pose challenges in optimization and real-world *** contrast,contemporary data-driven models,particularly those utilizing machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),leverage extensive geoscience data to glean insights without requiring exhaustive theoretical *** techniques have shown promise in addressing Earth science-related ***,challenges such as data scarcity,computational demands,data privacy concerns,and the“black-box”nature of AI models hinder their seamless integration into *** integration of physics-based and data-driven methodologies into hybrid models presents an alternative *** models,which incorporate domain knowledge to guide AI methodologies,demonstrate enhanced efficiency and performance with reduced training data *** review provides a comprehensive overview of geoscientific research paradigms,emphasizing untapped opportunities at the intersection of advanced AI techniques and *** examines major methodologies,showcases advances in large-scale models,and discusses the challenges and prospects that will shape the future landscape of AI in *** paper outlines a dynamic field ripe with possibilities,poised to unlock new understandings of Earth’s complexities and further advance geoscience exploration.

关键词： Earth utilizing landscape

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Mogroside V inhibits LPS-induced COX-2 expression/ROS production and overexpression of HO-1 by blocking phosphorylation of AKT1 in RAW264.7 cells

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生物化学与生物物理学报（英文版） 2019年第4期51卷 365-374页

作者： Yong Li Luyan Zou Tao Li Dengni Lai Yanyang Wu Si Qin Core Research Program 1515 Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province College of Food Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China Core Research Program 1515 Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province College of Food Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University Korimoto 1-21-24 Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan

Momordica grosvenori is a valuable edible plant with medicinal purposes,and it is widely used in medicated diets and traditional Chinese medicine in *** V (MV),the main bioactive component from ***,is commonly used as a natural *** extracts have been reported to exert potent anti-inflammatory property,however the underlying molecular mechanism still remains *** the present study,the biological effect of MV in inflammation was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 *** ELISA and western blot analysis results showed that MV significantly inhibited LPS-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) *** markedly decreased the phosphorylation of IκB-α,increased IκB-α,and reduced nuclear p-65 and C/EBPδ.Furthermore,MV attenuated LPS-induced phosphorylation of MAPKs and AKT1,and only the phosphorylation status of AKT1 was found to be consistent with the expression trend of ***,MV reduced ROS level and restored overexpressed HO-1 and AP-1 to basal level,which can be markedly reversed by AKT1 inhibitor *** results revealed that AKT1 plays a key role in LPS-induced COX-2 expression,and acts as a mediator to keep the redox balance in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 *** exerts anti-inflammatory property by blocking AKT1-mediated NF-κB and C/EBPδ activation,ROS generation and AP-1/HO-1 ***,the present study indicated that MV has a significant chemopreventive effect on the inflammatory lesions and suggested that AKT1 is a potential specific target of MV for relieving inflammation.

关键词： Mogroside V anti-inflammatory property HO-1 NF-κB AKT1 ROS

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Grain boundary complexion modification for interface stability in garnet based solid-state Li batteries

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Journal of Power Sources 2024年 602卷

作者： Wang, Chih-Chieh Hsu, Wei-Chun Chang, Chia-Yu Ihrig, Martin Thuy Tran, Ngoc Thanh Lin, Shih-kang Windmüller, Anna Tsai, Chih-Long Eichel, Rüdiger-A. Chiu, Kuo-Feng Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Institute of Energy and Climate Research Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich52425 Germany Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei City106 Taiwan Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Program on Semiconductor Packaging and Testing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Core Facility Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung407 Taiwan

The garnet type solid-state electrolyte (SSE) encounters challenges related to poor interfacial contact with Li metal and dendrite penetration problem. This study addresses these issues by manipulating the surface property of garnet-based LLZTO (Li6.5La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12) SSE. The manipulation is achieved by varying thickness of Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD), followed by sintering. research results show that the relative density, ionic conductivity, and hardness of LLZTO are improved while electronic conductivity is reduced due to the formation of multiple complexions at grain boundary (GB). The SSE pellets also demonstrate improved wettability with Li metal, leading to stable galvanostatic Li plating/stripping cycling with low polarization, which allows for batter battery performance than pristine one. The concept of modifying SSE through the grain boundary complexion modification by thin ALD coating for enhancing the dendrite tolerance with better electrochemical properties of SSE may open a new direction for solid state battery research. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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Author Correction: Hadean mantle oxidation inferred from melting of peridotite under lower-mantle conditions

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Nature Geoscience 2024年 171页

作者： Hideharu Kuwahara Tetsuo Irifune Takashi Yoshino Ryoichi Nakada Shintaro Kadoya Geodynamics Research Center Ehime University Ehime Japan Institute for Planetary Materials Okayama University Tottori Japan Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star) Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Kochi Japan Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research (SUGAR) Program Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star) Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Kanagawa Japan

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Estimating Aboveground Carbon Dynamic of China Using Optical and Microwave Remote-Sensing Datasets from 2013 to 2019

Journal of Remote Sensing

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2023年第1期3卷 19-34页

作者： Zhongbing Chang Lei Fan Jean-Pierre Wigneron Ying-Ping Wang Philippe Ciais Jérôme Chave Rasmus Fensholt Jing MChen Wenping Yuan Weimin Ju Xin Li Fei Jiang Mousong Wu Xiuzhi Chen Yuanwei Qin Frédéric Frappart Xiaojun Li Mengjia Wang Xiangzhuo Liu Xuli Tang Sanaa Hobeichi Mengxiao Yu Mingguo Ma Jianguang Wen Qing Xiao Weiyu Shi Dexin Liu Junhua Yan Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China INRAE UMR1391 ISPAUniversite de BordeauxF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere AspendaleVIC 3195Australia Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Universite Paris SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance Laboratoire Evolution et Diversite Biologique Universite Paul SabatierToulouseFrance Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Department of Geography and Program in Planning University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G3Canada College of Geographical Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 3500007FujianChina School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082GuangdongChina Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai 519000GuangdongChina Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology International Institute for Earth System ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology Center for Spatial AnalysisUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA LEGOS Universite de ToulouseCNESCNRSIRDUPS-14 avenue Edouard Belin31400 ToulouseFrance State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Climate Change Research Centre University of N

Over the past 2 to 3 decades,Chinese forests are estimated to act as a large carbon sink,yet the magnitude and spatial patterns of this sink differ considerably among *** 3 microwave(L-and X-band vegetation optical depth[VOD])and 3 optical(normalized difference vegetation index,leaf area index,and tree cover)remote-sensing vegetation products,this study compared the estimated live woody aboveground biomass carbon(AGC)dynamics over China between 2013 and *** results showed that tree cover has the highest spatial consistency with 3 published AGC maps(mean correlation value R=0.84),followed by L-VOD(R=0.83),which outperform the other *** AGC estimation model was proposed to combine all indices to estimate the annual AGC dynamics in China during 2013 to *** performance of the AGC estimation model was good(root mean square error=0.05 Pg C and R^(2)=0.90 with a mean relative uncertainty of 9.8% at pixel scale[0.25°]).Results of the AGC estimation model showed that carbon uptake by the forests in China was about+0.17 Pg C year^(-1) from 2013 to *** the regional level,provinces in southwest China including Guizhou(+22.35 Tg C year^(-1)),Sichuan(+14.49 Tg C year^(-1)),and Hunan(+11.42 Tg C year^(-1))provinces had the highest carbon sink rates during 2013 to *** of the carbon-sink regions have been afforested recently,implying that afforestation and ecological engineering projects have been effective means for carbon sequestration in these regions.

关键词： estimation Remote microwave

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A new species of green rat snake(Squamata:Colubridae:Ptyas)from Vietnam

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Zoological research:Diversity and Conservation 2024年第3期1卷 180-190页

作者： Sang Ngoc Nguyen Ba Dinh Vo Nikolai L.Orlov Khanh Duy Phan Manh Van Le Luan Thanh Nguyen An Thien Tran Robert W.Murphy Jing Che Institute of Tropical Biology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology85 Tran Quoc Toan St.Dist.3Ho Chi Minh City 722700Vietnam Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc Viet RoadHanoi 11300Vietnam Department of Biology University of ScienceHue University77 Nguyen Hue St.Hue City 49000Vietnam Division of Herpetology Zoological InstituteRussian Academy of SciencesSt.Petersburg 199034 Universitetskaya nab.133701Russia Asian Turtle Program—Indo-Myanmar Conservation CT1 Bac Ha C14 BuildingTo Huu RoadHa Noi 12000Vietnam Science and International Cooperation Division Bach Ma NP.Thua Thien-Hue 49000Vietnam Reptilia Zoo and Education Centre 2501 Rutherford Rd VaughanOntario L4K 2N6Canada Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong MountainKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinNay Pyi Taw 05282Myanmar

Rat snakes(genus Ptyas)include 13 large Asian species with sizes reaching 3.8 *** more than 100 years,no new species have been discovered in this ***,we describe a new Ptyas from central Vietnam based on morphological data and nucleotide sequences from the MT-CYB *** bachmaensis *** diagnosed by the following morphological characters:large-sized snake(largest total length 2401 mm in adult male);body scale rows in even numbers,16-16-14 rows;two medial vertebral scale rows distinct;two and two or four medial scale rows keeled on middle and posterior parts of body,respectively;ventrals 194-199;subcaudals 132-138;supralabials 8,fourth and fifth entering orbit;maxillary teeth 28 or 29;hemipenis spinose and unforked,reaching 12th subcaudal;cloacal plate divided;lateral side of tail black,without a bright *** new species forms an independent clade on the phylogenetic tree and differs from its congeners by an uncorrected p-distance in MTCYB sequences of at least 5.7%.

关键词： Bach Ma National Park Thua Thien-Hue Province Kon Tum Ptyas bachmaensis Ptyas nigromarginata Zaocys

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Characterization of corn-starch edible film with the addition of microalgae extract Chlorella vulgaris as an antioxidant applied to dodol (glutinous-rice cake) products

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 2023年 8卷

作者： Sri Agustini, Ni Wayan Kusmiati, Kusmiati Admirasari, Rahmania Nurcahyanto, Dian Alfian Hidhayati, Noor Apriastini, Marsiti Afiati, Fifi Priadi, Dody Fitriani, Baiq Mirna Adalina, Yelin Ahmad, Riza Zainuddin Research Center for Applied Microbiology National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46 Cibinong 16911 Indonesia Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46 Cibinong 16911 Indonesia Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46 Cibinong 16911 Indonesia Study Program of Nutrition & Food Technology Faculty of Life Science-Surya University Banten Kota Tangerang 15143 Indonesia Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46 Cibinong 16911 Indonesia Research Center for Veterinary Science. National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46 Cibinong 16911 Indonesia

Dodol, an Indonesian glutinous rice cake, is normally only lasts up to 7 days in room temperature and susceptible to rancidity. Addition of *** extract to the edible film used as packaging for dodol is expected to be a new alternative to extend the shelf life of dodol through its antioxidant activity. The aims of this study were to evaluate the characteristics of edible film that added with *** extract and to observe people preference, based on its organoleptic parameters. The test was conducted based on different concentrations of corn starch (1%, 3%, and 5%) and different types of solvents used to extract the microalga (ethanol and distilled water). Based on its appearance, aroma, flavor, and texture, dodol with additional *** extract in distilled water (J1P1) showed the highest total organoleptic value of 25,87. This is supported by the characteristics of such edible film which has the highest solubility and the highest WVTR values, which were 29,25% and 1,1785, respectively, as well as low peroxide number, compared to that without additional ***. These values exhibit no harmful effect to the environment, low risk of rancidity, and longer shelf-life time of dodol. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Antioxidant C. vulgaris Dodol Edible film

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The numbers of fungi:are the most speciose genera truly diverse?

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Fungal Diversity 2022年第3期114卷 387-462页

作者： Chitrabhanu S.Bhunjun Tuula Niskanen Nakarin Suwannarach Nopparat Wannathes Yi-Jyun Chen Eric H.C.McKenzie Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Bart Buyck Chang-Lin Zhao Yu-Guang Fan Jing-Yi Zhang Asha J.Dissanayake Diana S.Marasinghe Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Jaturong Kumla Mahajabeen Padamsee Ya-Ya Chen Kare Liimatainen Joseph F.Ammirati Chayanard Phukhamsakda Jian-Kui Liu Wiphawanee Phonrob Émile Randrianjohany Sinang Hongsanan Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon Digvijayini Bundhun Surapong Khuna Wen-Jie Yu Lun-Sha Deng Yong-Zhong Lu Kevin D.Hyde Saisamorn Lumyong Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Jodrell Laboratory Royal Botanic GardensKewSurrey TW93ABUK Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Microbiology Program Faculty of Science and TechnologyPibulsongkram Rajabhat UniversityPhitsanulok 65000Thailand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Private Mail Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire naturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitédes Antilles57 rue CuvierCP 3975231 Paris cedex 05France College of Biodiversity Conservation Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming 650224People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education Tropical Environment and Health LaboratoryCollege of PharmacyHainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199People’s Republic of China Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006People’s Republic of China Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006People’s Republic of China School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Guizhou Institute of TechnologyGuiyang 550003People’s Republic of China Centre National de Recherche sur l’Environnement(CNRE) BP 1739Laboratoire de Microbiologie de l’Environnement(LME)AntananarivoMadagascar Department of Biology University of WashingtonBox 351800SeattleWA 98195-1800USA College of Plant Protection Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118JilinPeople’s Republic of China Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and

Fungi play vital roles in ecosystems as endophytes,pathogens and *** current estimate of fungal diversity is highly uncertain,ranging from 1.5 to 12 million,but only around 150,000 species have been named and classified to *** the introduction of DNA based methods for species identification,the number of newly described taxa has increased from approximately 1000 to around 2000 *** demonstrates the importance of DNA based methods to identify and distin-guish species,especially cryptic *** novel species from recent studies have been found in historically understudied regions and habitats,but these still represent only a small percentage of the estimated *** this paper,we examine 16 genera from the top 40 most speciose genera as listed in Species Fungorum as case studies to examine the diversity of taxa in each *** genera treated herein are Cercospora,Diaporthe,Meliola,Passalora,Phyllachora,Phyllosticta,Pseudocer-cospora,Ramularia(ascomycetes)and Cortinarius,Entoloma,Inocybe,Marasmius,Psathyrella,Puccinia,Russula,Uromyces(basidiomycetes).We critically evaluate the number of species in these genera and correlate these numbers with the number of entries in *** introduce 18 new species Apiospora multiloculata,Candolleomyces thailandensis,Cortinarius acutoproximus,Cortinarius melleoalbus,Cortinarius pacificus,Cortinarius parvoacetosus,Diaporthe guizhouensis,Entoloma pseudosubcorvinum,Inocybe meirensongia,Marasmius albulus,Marasmius obscuroaurantiacus,Meliola camporesii,Phyl-lachora siamensis,Phyllosticta doitungensis,Picipes yuxiensis,Pseudocercospora vignae,Puccinia maureanui and Russula *** also introduce a new record of Candolleomyces cladii-marisci and Inocybe *** discuss the genera Colletotrichum and Pleurotus that are speciose,but do not occur in the top *** hypothesize whether there might be more species in these genera and discuss why these genera have some of the largest number of specie

关键词： 18 new taxa Ascomycota Basidiomycota Fungal diversity Host-specificity Taxonomy

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