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Mid-infrared dielectric response of Fermi-degenerate electron-hole droplets in diamond

Physical Review B 2022年第23期106卷 235205-235205页

作者： J. Omachi N. Naka K. Yoshioka M. Kuwata-Gonokami Department of Applied Physics School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Photon Science Center School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi-shi Saitama 332-0012 Japan Department of Physics Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Department of Physics School of Science The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan

Exploring the properties of a highly quantum-degenerate electron-hole (e-h) state as a many-body system is an interesting problem in solid-state physics. Electron-hole droplets (EHDs) offer a potential platform for investigating such a state of Fermi-degenerate carriers at an extremely high density. Herein we present dielectric response measurements of carriers in the mid-infrared (MIR) region for a definitive evaluation of the dynamic properties of the e-h state of EHDs in diamond. With photoexcitation across the band-gap energy by using the two-photon absorption process, we performed time-resolved differential transmission spectroscopy by using MIR probe light and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy in the deep-ultraviolet region. By linking the two temporal profiles, we overcame the problem of previous ambiguous PL analyses and elucidated the MIR dielectric response that reveals the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of EHDs and the effect of the e-h Coulomb interaction on the dynamic dielectric response. Thus, we found that the carrier density inside EHDs remained constant at 8×1019cm−3 up to 2 ns, whereas a decay time of 1 ns of the condensed volume was found and the AC conductivity relaxation rate of 2×1014s−1 maintained during this nanosecond timescale was the highest among group-IV semiconductors. We predicted a strong dependence of the e-h scattering rate on the probe frequency in the high-frequency region in which SPR appeared, suggesting that—when probed in the low-frequency region—dynamical relaxation does not interfere with the order formation expected in quantum-degenerate e-h systems at ultralow temperatures.

关键词： Carrier dynamics Dielectric properties Excitons Time-resolved photoluminescence Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy

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Functional production of human antibody by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae

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Fungal Biology and Biotechnology 2020年第1期7卷 7页

作者： Huynh, Hung Hiep Morita, Naoki Sakamoto, Toshihiro Katayama, Takuya Miyakawa, Takuya Tanokura, Masaru Chiba, Yasunori Shinkura, Reiko Maruyama, Jun-Ichi Department of Biotechnology University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control Institute for Quantitative Biosciences University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Applied Biological Chemistry University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Tokyo Japan

Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as biopharmaceuticals take a pivotal role in the current therapeutic applications. Generally mammalian cell lines, such as those derived from Chinese hamster ovaries (CHO), are used to produce the recombinant antibody. However, there are still concerns about the high cost and the risk of pathogenic contamination when using mammalian cells. Aspergillus oryzae, a filamentous fungus recognized as a GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) organism, has an ability to secrete a large amount of proteins into the culture supernatant, and thus the fungus has been used as one of the cost-effective microbial hosts for heterologous protein production. Pursuing this strategy the human anti-TNFα antibody adalimumab, one of the world's best-selling antibodies for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, was chosen to produce the full length of mAbs by A. oryzae. Generally, N-glycosylation of the antibody affects immune effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) via binding to the Fc receptor (FcγR) on immune cells. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to first delete the Aooch1 gene encoding a key enzyme for the hyper-mannosylation process in fungi to investigate the binding ability of antibody with FcγRIIIa. Results: Adalimumab was expressed in A. oryzae by the fusion protein system with α-amylase AmyB. The full-length adalimumab consisting of two heavy and two light chains was successfully produced in the culture supernatants. Among the producing strains, the highest amount of antibody was obtained from the ten-protease deletion strain (39.7 mg/L). Two-step purifications by Protein A and size-exclusion chromatography were applied to obtain the high purity sample for further analysis. The antigen-binding and TNFα neutralizing activities of the adalimumab produced by A. oryzae were comparable with those of a commercial product Humira^®. No apparent binding wit

关键词： Antibody Aspergillus oryzae Fc receptor N-linked glycan Neutralization

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Back in person, back to the races

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science 2022年第6576期375卷 20-20页

作者： Sills, Jennifer Department of Chemistry The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg TX 78539 USA. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 18453 USA. School of Arts Science and Humanities University of São Paulo Araçazal São Paulo SP 3821000 Brazil. Biotech Research & Innovation Centre University of Copenhagen 2100 København Denmark. Department of Molecular Genetics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel. Kinesiology Program School of Biological and Population Health Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 USA. STEM Program College of the Sequoias Visalia CA 93292 USA. Federal University of Technology–Paraná Paraná Brazil. Core Research Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Xi’an Jiaotong University Xincheng District Xi’an Shaanxi 710004 China. Trudeau Institute Saranac Lake NY 12983 USA.

After months of remote work, many scientists have recently returned to their labs and classrooms. We asked young scientists to act as peer mentors by providing advice to this researcher, who feels left behind after a difficult pandemic experience. In response, young scientists ask questions to help this scientist reflect, share their own experiences, and offer advice about how to move forward. Read a selection of their thoughts below. Follow NextGen Voices on Twitter with hashtag #NextGenSci. —Jennifer Sills

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Exploring diamondlike lattice thermal conductivity crystals via feature-based transfer learning

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Physical Review Materials 2021年第5期5卷 053801-053801页

作者： Shenghong Ju Ryo Yoshida Chang Liu Stephen Wu Kenta Hongo Terumasa Tadano Junichiro Shiomi Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4-1-8 Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project 1-4-1 Nihonbashi Chuo-ku Tokyo 103-0027 Japan

Ultrahigh lattice thermal conductivity materials hold great importance since they play a critical role in the thermal management of electronic and optical devices. Models using machine learning can search for materials with outstanding higher-order properties like thermal conductivity. However, the lack of sufficient data to train a model is a serious hurdle. Herein we show that big data can complement small data for accurate predictions when lower-order feature properties available in big data are selected properly and applied to transfer learning. The connection between the crystal information and thermal conductivity is directly built with a neural network by transferring descriptors acquired through a pretrained model for the feature property. Successful transfer learning shows the ability of extrapolative prediction and reveals descriptors for lattice anharmonicity. The resulting model is employed to screen over 60000 compounds to identify novel crystals that can serve as alternatives to diamond. Even though most materials in the top list are superhard materials, we reveal that superhard property does not necessarily lead to high lattice thermal conductivity. Large hardness means high elastic constants and group velocity of phonons in the linear dispersion regime, but the lattice thermal conductivity is determined also by other important factors such as the phonon relaxation time. What is more, the average or maximum dipole polarizability and the van der Waals radius are revealed to be the leading descriptors among those that can also be qualitatively related to anharmonicity.

关键词： Lattice thermal conductivity Phonons Thermal conductivity

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Mogroside V inhibits LPS-induced COX-2 expression/ROS production and overexpression of HO-1 by blocking phosphorylation of AKT1 in RAW264.7 cells

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生物化学与生物物理学报（英文版） 2019年第4期51卷 365-374页

作者： Yong Li Luyan Zou Tao Li Dengni Lai Yanyang Wu Si Qin Core Research Program 1515 Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province College of Food Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China Core Research Program 1515 Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province College of Food Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University Korimoto 1-21-24 Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan

Momordica grosvenori is a valuable edible plant with medicinal purposes,and it is widely used in medicated diets and traditional Chinese medicine in *** V (MV),the main bioactive component from ***,is commonly used as a natural *** extracts have been reported to exert potent anti-inflammatory property,however the underlying molecular mechanism still remains *** the present study,the biological effect of MV in inflammation was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 *** ELISA and western blot analysis results showed that MV significantly inhibited LPS-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) *** markedly decreased the phosphorylation of IκB-α,increased IκB-α,and reduced nuclear p-65 and C/EBPδ.Furthermore,MV attenuated LPS-induced phosphorylation of MAPKs and AKT1,and only the phosphorylation status of AKT1 was found to be consistent with the expression trend of ***,MV reduced ROS level and restored overexpressed HO-1 and AP-1 to basal level,which can be markedly reversed by AKT1 inhibitor *** results revealed that AKT1 plays a key role in LPS-induced COX-2 expression,and acts as a mediator to keep the redox balance in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 *** exerts anti-inflammatory property by blocking AKT1-mediated NF-κB and C/EBPδ activation,ROS generation and AP-1/HO-1 ***,the present study indicated that MV has a significant chemopreventive effect on the inflammatory lesions and suggested that AKT1 is a potential specific target of MV for relieving inflammation.

关键词： Mogroside V anti-inflammatory property HO-1 NF-κB AKT1 ROS

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Grain boundary complexion modification for interface stability in garnet based solid-state Li batteries

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Journal of Power Sources 2024年 602卷

作者： Wang, Chih-Chieh Hsu, Wei-Chun Chang, Chia-Yu Ihrig, Martin Thuy Tran, Ngoc Thanh Lin, Shih-kang Windmüller, Anna Tsai, Chih-Long Eichel, Rüdiger-A. Chiu, Kuo-Feng Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Institute of Energy and Climate Research Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich52425 Germany Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei City106 Taiwan Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Program on Semiconductor Packaging and Testing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Core Facility Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung407 Taiwan

The garnet type solid-state electrolyte (SSE) encounters challenges related to poor interfacial contact with Li metal and dendrite penetration problem. This study addresses these issues by manipulating the surface property of garnet-based LLZTO (Li6.5La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12) SSE. The manipulation is achieved by varying thickness of Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD), followed by sintering. research results show that the relative density, ionic conductivity, and hardness of LLZTO are improved while electronic conductivity is reduced due to the formation of multiple complexions at grain boundary (GB). The SSE pellets also demonstrate improved wettability with Li metal, leading to stable galvanostatic Li plating/stripping cycling with low polarization, which allows for batter battery performance than pristine one. The concept of modifying SSE through the grain boundary complexion modification by thin ALD coating for enhancing the dendrite tolerance with better electrochemical properties of SSE may open a new direction for solid state battery research. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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Inside Cover: Designer Outer Membrane Protein Facilitates Uptake of Decoy Molecules into a Cytochrome P450BM3-Based Whole-Cell Biocatalyst (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 7/2022)

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Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2022年第7期61卷

作者： Masayuki Karasawa Kai Yonemura Dr. Joshua Kyle Stanfield Dr. Kazuto Suzuki Prof. Dr. Osami Shoji Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (Japan) Science and Technology Agency 5 Sanbancho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-0075 Japan

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Author Correction: Hadean mantle oxidation inferred from melting of peridotite under lower-mantle conditions

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Nature Geoscience 2024年 171页

作者： Hideharu Kuwahara Tetsuo Irifune Takashi Yoshino Ryoichi Nakada Shintaro Kadoya Geodynamics Research Center Ehime University Ehime Japan Institute for Planetary Materials Okayama University Tottori Japan Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star) Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Kochi Japan Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research (SUGAR) Program Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star) Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Kanagawa Japan

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Innentitelbild: Ein Designeraußenmembranprotein fördert die Aufnahme von Täuschmolekülen in einen auf Zytochrom P450BM3 beruhenden Ganzzellbiokatalysator (Angew. Chem. 7/2022)

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第7期134卷

作者： Masayuki Karasawa Kai Yonemura Dr. Joshua Kyle Stanfield Dr. Kazuto Suzuki Prof. Dr. Osami Shoji Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Universität Nagoya Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (Japan) Science and Technology Agency 5 Sanbancho Chiyoda-ku Tokio 102-0075 Japan

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Topological Analysis of Metal and Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanostructures

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2020年第S2期26卷 2096-2098页

作者： Yu Wen Ayako Ayako Hashimoto Abdillah Sani Bin Mohd Najib Akihiko Hirata Hideki Abe National Institute for Materials Science / University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan National Institute for Materials Science / University of Tsukuba / Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan National Institute for Materials Science / Saitama University Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Waseda University Shinjuku Tokyo Japan National Institute for Materials Science / Saitama University / Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

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