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A method for the design and analysis of parametric building energy models

A method for the design and analysis of parametric building ...

引用

12th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association Building Simulation 2011, BS 2011

作者： Pratt, Kevin B. Bosworth, David E. Department of Architecture Cornell University Ithaca NY United States Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University Ithaca NY United States

This paper presents new methods for understanding specific building performance trends and their dependencies by parameterizing digital building models over multiple variables in order to create a high dimensional design space that can be rapidly simulated, analyzed, and visualized. These methods allow for the potential delineation of multiple areas of the design space that are characterized by relatively high performance instead of a single optimum. The ability to identify clusters of high performance is particularly helpful to architectural design processes, which must take into consideration variables that cannot be parameterized and resist quantitative methods of optimization.

关键词： Architectural design

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A perceptually based physical error metric for realistic image synthesis 99

A perceptually based physical error metric for realistic ima...

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26th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1999

作者： Ramasubramanian, Mahesh Pattanaik, Sumanta N. Greenberg, Donald P. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University 580 Rhodes Hall IthacaNY14853 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0201485605

We introduce a new concept for accelerating realistic image synthesis algorithms. At the core of this procedure is a novel physical error metric that correctly predicts the perceptual threshold for detecting artifacts in scene features. Built into this metric is a computational model of the human visual system's loss of sensitivity at high background illumination levels, high spatial frequencies, and high contrast levels (visual masking). An important feature of our model is that it handles the luminance-dependent processing and spatially dependent processing independently. This allows us to precompute the expensive spatially-dependent component, making our model extremely efficient. We illustrate the utility of our procedure with global illumination algorithms used for realistic image synthesis. The expense of global illumination computations is many orders of magnitude higher than the expense of direct illumination computations and can greatly benefit by applying our perceptually based technique. Results show our method preserves visual quality while achieving significant computational gains in areas of images with high frequency texture patterns, geometric details, and lighting variations. Copyright ACM 1999.

关键词： Errors

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A multiscale model of adaptation and spatial vision for realistic image display 98

A multiscale model of adaptation and spatial vision for real...

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25th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1998

作者： Pattanaik, Sumanta N. Ferwerda, James A. Fairchild, Mark D. Greenberg, Donald P. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University 580 Rhodes Hall Ithaca NY 14853 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897919998

In this paper we develop a computational model of adaptation and spatial vision for realistic tone reproduction. The model is based on a multiscale representation of pattern, luminance, and color processing in the human visual system. We incorporate the model into a tone reproduction operator that maps the vast ranges of radiances found in real and synthetic scenes into the small fixed ranges available on conventional display devices such as CRT's and printers. The model allows the operator to address the two major problems in realistic tone reproduction: wide absolute range and high dynamic range scenes can be displayed;and the displayed images match our perceptions of the scenes at both threshold and suprathresh-old levels to the degree possible given a particular display device. Although in this paper we apply our visual model to the tone reproduction problem, the model is general and can be usefully applied to image quality metrics, image compression methods, and perceptually-based image synthesis algorithms.

关键词： Display devices

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Fast, minimum storage ray/triangle intersection 05

Fast, minimum storage ray/triangle intersection

引用

ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 International Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 2005

作者： Möller, Tomas Trumbore, Ben Prosolvia Claxus AB Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450378338

We present a clean algorithm for determining whether a ray intersects a triangle. The algorithm translates the origin of the ray and then changes the base of that vector which yields a vector (t u v)T, where t is the distance to the plane in which the triangle lies and (u, v) represents the coordinates inside the triangle. One advantage of this method is that the plane equation need not be computed on the fly nor be stored, which can amount to significant memory savings for triangle meshes. As we found our method to be comparable in speed to previous methods, we believe it is the fastest ray/triangle intersection routine for triangles which do not have precomputed plane equations.

关键词： Ray tracing

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A clustering algorithm for radiosity in complex environments 94

A clustering algorithm for radiosity in complex environments

引用

21st Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1994

作者： Smits, Brian Arvo, James Greenberg, Donald Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University 580 ETC Building IthacaNY14853 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897916670

We present an approach for accelerating hierarchical radiosity by clustering objects. Previous approaches constructed effective hierarchies by subdividing surfaces, but could not exploit a hierarchical grouping on existing surfaces. This limitation resulted in an excessive number of initial links in complex environments. Initial linking is potentially the most expensive portion of hierarchical radiosity algorithms, and constrains the complexity of the environments that can be simulated. The clustering algorithm presented here operates by estimating energy transfers between collections of objects while maintaining reliable error bounds on each transfer. Two methods of bounding the transfers are employed with different tradeoffs between accuracy and time. In contrast with the O(s2) time and space complexity of the initial linking in previous hierarchical radiosity algorithms, the new methods have complexities of O(slogs) and O(s) for both time and space. Using these methods we have obtained speedups of two orders of magnitude for environments of moderate complexity while maintaining comparable accuracy. © ACM 1994.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

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Interactive global illumination in dynamic scenes 02

Interactive global illumination in dynamic scenes

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ACM Transactions on graphics;Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2002

作者： Tole, Parag Pellacini, Fabio Walter, Bruce Greenberg, Donald P. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University 580 Rhodes Hall Ithaca NY 14853 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135213

In this paper, we present a system for interactive computation of global illumination in dynamic scenes. Our system uses a novel scheme for caching the results of a high quality pixel-based renderer such as a bidirectional path tracer. The Shading Cache is an object-space hierarchical subdivision mesh with lazily computed shading values at its vertices. A high frame rate display is generated from the Shading Cache using hardware-based interpolation and texture mapping. An image space sampling scheme refines the Shading Cache in regions that have the most interpolation error or those that are most likely to be affected by object or camera motion. Our system handles dynamic scenes and moving light sources efficiently, providing useful feedback within a few seconds and high quality images within a few tens of seconds, without the need for any pre-computation. Our approach allows us to significantly outperform other interactive systems based on caching ray-tracing samples, especially in dynamic scenes. Based on our results, we believe that the Shading Cache will be an invaluable tool in lighting design and modelling while rendering.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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Microfacet Models for Refraction through Rough Surfaces

Microfacet Models for Refraction through Rough Surfaces

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18th Eurographics Symposium on Rendering Techniques, EGSR 2007

作者： Walter, Bruce Marschner, Stephen R. Li, Hongsong Torrance, Kenneth E. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University United States Beijing Institute of Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9783905673524

Microfacet models have proven very successful for modeling light reflection from rough surfaces. In this paper we review microfacet theory and demonstrate how it can be extended to simulate transmission through rough surfaces such as etched glass. We compare the resulting transmission model to measured data from several real surfaces and discuss appropriate choices for the microfacet distribution and shadowing-masking functions. Since rendering transmission through media requires tracking light that crosses at least two interfaces, good importance sampling is a practical necessity. Therefore, we also describe efficient schemes for sampling the microfacet models and the corresponding probability density functions. © The Eurographics Association 2007.

关键词： Light reflection

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Unbiased sampling techniques for image synthesis 91

Unbiased sampling techniques for image synthesis

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18th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1991

作者： Kirk, David Arvo, James California Institute of Technology Computer Graphics 350-74 PasadenaCA91125 United States Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897914368

We examine a class of adaptive sampling techniques employed in image synthesis and show that those commonly used for efficient anti-aliasing are statistically biased. This bias is dependent upon the image function being sampled as well as the strategy for determining the number of samples to use. It is most prominent in areas of high contrast and is attributable to early stages of sampling systematically favoring one extreme or the other. If the expected outcome of the entire adaptive sampling algorithm is considered, we find that the bias of the early decisions is stiO present in the final estimator. We propose an alternative strategy for performing adaptive sampling that is unbiased but potentially more costly. We conclude that it may not always be practical to mitigate this source of bias, but as a source of error it should be considered when high accuracy and image fidelity are a central concern. © 1991 ACM.

关键词： Anti-aliasing

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A model of visual masking for computer graphics 97

A model of visual masking for computer graphics

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24th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1997

作者： Ferwerda, James A. Shirley, Peter Pattanaik, Sumanta N. Greenberg, Donald P. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University 580 Rhodes Hall Ithaca United States University of Utah United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897918967

In this paper we develop a computational model of visual masking based on psychophysical data. The model predicts how the presence of one visual pattern aects the detectability of another. The model allows us to choose texture patterns for computer graphics images that hide the eects of faceting, banding, aliasing, noise and other visual artifacts produced by sources of error in graphics algorithms. We demonstrate the utility of the model by choosing a texture pattern to mask faceting artifacts caused by polygonal tesselation of a flat-shaded curved surface. The model predicts how changes in the contrast, spatial frequency, and orientation of the texture pattern, or changes in the tesselation of the surface will alter the masking eect. The model is general and has uses in geometric modeling, realistic image synthesis, scientic visualization, image compression, and image-based rendering. Copyright © 1997 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.

关键词： Image compression

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Feature-Based Textures

Feature-Based Textures

引用

15th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques, EGSR 2004

作者： Ramanarayanan, G. Bala, K. Walter, B. Department of Computer Science Cornell University IthacaNY United States Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University IthacaNY United States

ISBN: (纸本)3905673126

This paper introduces feature-based textures, a new image representation that combines features and samples for high-quality texture mapping. Features identify boundaries within an image where samples change discontinuously. They can be extracted from vector graphics representations, or explicitly added to raster images to improve sharpness. Texture lookups are then interpolated from samples while respecting these boundaries. We present results from a software implementation of this technique demonstrating quality, efficiency and low memory overhead. © The Eurographics Association 2004.

关键词： Image enhancement

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