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Structural integrity procedure for Europe SINTAP - an overview

MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 2002年第2期19卷 91-97页

作者： Webster, S Bannister, A Corus Research Development and Technology UK

SINTAP (Structural INTegrity Assessment Procedure) was a multidisciplinary collaborative project, part-funded by the European Union, with the aim of devising a unified procedure for such assessments, offering a range of assessment routes giving it maximum applicability, from the smallest SME to major industrial users. The project commenced in April 1996 and was completed in April 1999. Although many such methods did and do exist, most have conflicting approaches, unspecified levels of empiricism or do not fully reflect the performance of modem materials or the current state of knowledge. SINTAP covered both modelling and experimental work and a large element of the project was concerned with the transfer of knowledge and data between industries and scientific organisations together with its compilation and interpretation to provide the required solutions. The culmination of this work is a procedure which is applicable to a wide cross-section of users because of its ability to offer routes of varying complexity, reflecting data quality and the scope for a final interpretation reflecting the preference of the user.

关键词： fracture structural integrity plastic collapse strength toughness welded joints

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Thermography applied to the evaluation of non-uniform deformation heat of metals

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QIRT JOURNAL 2008年第1期5卷 69-80页

作者： Wullink, Johan van den Berg, Frenk van Liempt, Peter de Haas, Maarten [a] Corus Research Development and Technology IJmuiden Technology Centre The Netherlands

This article deals with digital filtering techniques to separate heat sources and heal diffusion effects in subsequent infrared images during plastic deformation of metals. Information about the deformation heat as a function of position and time of a sample under plastic deformation potentially indicates the degree of (non-) uniformity of the deformation process itself and of the metal microstructure after rolling and heat treatment. However, the raw, unfiltered infrared images suffer from blurring effects due to heat diffusion and therefore deformation heat effects originating from dissipated energy are hard to distinguish. Thermomechanical coupling sources like the thermo-elastic effect are not taken into account here. To overcome the problem of blurring effects, digital filters based on the heat diffusion equation have been implemented. The filter procedure has been tested on a steel sample during plastic deformation with constant strain rate. The initiation and propagation process of deformation bands were clearly observed and the propagation speed of Luders bands could be quantified experimentally. The ratio between dissipated power and mechanical power deduced from the present experiments is significantly lower than values reported in literature.

关键词： Passive infrared thermography plastic deformation deformation of metals Luders bands heat diffusion based digital filter

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The FITNET fracture module - developments and content

The FITNET fracture module - Developments and content

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24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering

作者： Webster, Stephen Corus Research Development and Technology United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)0791841979

FITNET is a four-year European thematic network with the objective of developing and extending the use of fitness-forservice (FFS) procedures for welded and non-welded metallic structures throughout Europe. It is partly funded by the European Commission within the fifth framework programme and commenced in February 2002. The network currently consists of about 50 organisations from 17 European countries but also includes contributions from organisations in the USA, Japan and Korea. Further information can be found in the FITNET TN website: http://***. The FITNET FFS Procedure is built up in four major analysis modules namely;Fracture, Fatigue, Creep and Corrosion and the procedure is being developed for completion in early 2006 in the form of CEN Document. The aim of this paper is to present the features, main analysis routes and major areas of technical development pertinent to the Fracture Module of the FITNET FFS Procedure. The procedure is based on previous developments carried out within the SINTAP project as well as advances in other standards such as the British Energy R6 rev 4 and the current amendments to the British Standard BS7910. In addition the work from other EU projects has been used to extend the treatment of several problem areas, such as the effect of constraint and the treatment of thin walled structures.

关键词： fitness-for-service fracture defect assessment welds engineering structures

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A new 5xxx series alloy developed for automotive applications

A new 5xxx series alloy developed for automotive application...

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International Body Engineering Conference and Exhibition and Automotive and Transportation technology Conference

作者： Van Der Hoeven, J.A. Zhuang, L. Schepers, B. De Smet, P. Baekelandt, J.P. Corus Research Development and Technology Corus Aluminium Rolled Products

The Aluminium-magnesium or 5XXX alloys in sheet form have been considered for some time to be the most appropriate choice for vehicle structures as they offer attractive combinations of formability, strength, weldability and corrosion resistance. Recent applications of the Al-Mg alloys in vehicles include the use of higher magnesium containing alloys such as AA5454 and AA5083 for applications like wheels, chassis, and sub-frames, where emphasis is placed on welded material strength. Alloy AA5083 has a high strength, but the alloy becomes susceptible to intergranular corrosion (IGC) if the material is held at elevated temperatures for prolonged times. Therefore, if the application is such that higher temperatures cannot always be avoided, an alloy like AA5454 has to be chosen. Alloys like AA5454 are less strong than AA5083, but in the daily practice they are almost not susceptible to IGC even when held at higher temperatures for longer times. Some years ago a modified AA5×54 alloy, designated as AlMg3.5Mn or AA5018-type, was introduced for automotive structure applications, for instance for sub-frame components. This alloy is somewhat stronger than the existing AA5×54 alloys, and its susceptibility to IGC is very limited. AlMg3.5Mn has since then been produced at corus Aluminium Rolled Products (CARP). More widespread usage of aluminium alloys will introduce Al-Mg alloys in areas of the vehicle structure where more careful selections need to be made with regard to the surface appearance, service temperature and corrosion resistance. Recently a research programme was carried out at CARP to further optimize the combination of strength, formability and corrosion resistance. The programme focused on developing a new alloy with a significantly higher strength and equivalent corrosion resistance compared to existing alloys. Because welding will often be used for automotive body structures, the post-welded strength and formability are seen as important issues. Therefore the

关键词： Corrosion resistance

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The aluminium fuel tank, a lightweight solution

The aluminium fuel tank, a lightweight solution

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Automotive and Transportation technology Congress and Exhibition

作者： Van Rijkom, J. Van De Moesdijk, R. Bleeker, R. Bottema, J. Smeyers, A. Baekelandt, J.P. Charot, B. Waaijer, J.E. CORUS Research Development and Technology CORUS Aluminium Rolled Products CORUS Automotive

A major objective of the European car manufacturers is to reduce the fuel consumption and CO2-emissions of passenger cars by 25% by the year 2008. As the fuel consumption is strongly related to the weight of the car, realisation of this objective will be achieved by long term weight reduction programmes. The European fuel tank market consists of around 14 Million units in cars, of which approximately 70% contain HDPE (High Density Poly Ethylene) fuel tanks, 17% leaded (Terne) steel, 3% aluminised steel and the remainder miscellaneous such as electro-coated Zn-Ni, galvannealed, hot-dipped tin or multi - layers with new substrates. The future legal regulations for fuel tanks will be dictated by the latest CARB (Californian Air Resources Board) specification LEV II (Low Emission Vehicle II). The main demand is the reduction of hydrocarbon (HC) emission for the total car from 2 down to 0.5 g / day in 2004. This demand appears doubtful for plastics, but is feasible for metal tanks. Next to the barrier technology and low permeability of the material, other demands are;good recyclability (80% of the vehicle must be recycled by the year 2005), low weight (reduction of CO2), noise, and no toxic metals (terne) by the year 2005. All these factors favour aluminium as the raw material for manufacturing the fuel tanks of passenger cars. The fuel tank constructions are often very complex in shape because of the residual space left in the designed car, and therefore tend to be made of plastics due to their good formability. New and break through forming processes now make it possible to use aluminium in applications even with very complex shapes. Although hybrid vehicles and fuel cell technology are making rapid progress, fossil fuels will continue to be used as the primary source of power certainly for the beginning of this new century. This paper highlights some of the latest technologies and recent product requirements in fuel tanks with respect to the environmental demands, man

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Calcium: Toy, tool or trouble?

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Iron and Steel technology 2008年第9期5卷 184-195页

作者： Tiekink, Wouter Santillana, Begoña Boom, Rob Kooter, Rob Mensonides, Fokko Deo, Brahma Corus Research Development and Technology IJmuiden Netherlands Corus Strip Products IJmuiden Netherlands Dept. of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India

A study was conducted to demonstrate the behavior of calcium in steel. Calcium addition to steel can transform alumina inclusion into calcium aluminates and react with sulfur to form calcium sulfide. The study used data from 310-330 tonne ladles of Ca-treated aluminum-killed steel produced at corus Umuiden BOS No. 2. The study used a Joel 5900 LV with Noran System Six Image analysis (SEM/EDS) to analyze inclusions in a polished surface of a steel sample. The study found that calcium reacts in the steel melts making CaS at calcium aluminates of 60%. The study also found that the low amounts of MgO in the calcium aluminates can reduce the clogging tendency. The study observed that the oxygen activity reduces into the steel melt with introduction of calcium into a steel melt.

关键词： Calcium compounds

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Characteristics of abrasive waterjet cut-edges and the affect on formability and fatigue performance of high strength steels

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Journal of Manufacturing Processes 2009年第2期11卷 97-105页

作者： Thomas, Daniel J. Corus Research Development and Technology ECM Heol Cefn Gwrgan Port Talbot United Kingdom

The characteristic surface properties and internal workpiece transformations formed during the Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) cutting process influences the formability and fatigue performance of steel cut-edges. This relatively established cutting technology is used in industry to generate specialist low production components, which may undergo continual loading cycles under operational service conditions. The fatigue performance of AWJ cut-edges can be critical since individual notch defects produced by the cutting process can act as initiation sites from where fatigue cracks can propagate. Due to the increased sensitivity of high strength structural steels to cut-edge fatigue, AWJ cut-edge defects have an ever more significant influence on fatigue performance. The relationship between the traverse cutting speed and the influence on the resulting properties of the cut-edge has been the critical area of investigation. The affects of traverse cutting speed on the surface roughness properties and cut-edge hardening through a process of plastic deformation of grains in the near edge region were observed to be influenced by the traverse cutting speed. It is these characteristic factors that were determined to influence the cut-edge ductility and fatigue performance of steel components. It is a combination of the AWJ properties that produces cut-edges, which are positive for the Hole Expansion Capacity (HEC) but negative for stress life and cyclic stress strain life fatigue performance of AWJ cut high strength steels. © 2010 The Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： High strength steel

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Rapid electrochemical characterisation of corrosion properties of aluminium brazing sheet by stepwise dissolution measurement

Rapid electrochemical characterisation of corrosion properti...

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Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition

作者： Meijers, S.D. De Wit, J.H.W. Corus Research Development and Technology United Kingdom

For aluminium heat-exchangers one of the most accepted corrosion tests is the SWAAT. It is widely used by both aluminium producers and manufacturers of heat-exchangers. However, in alloy development programmes, as well as in production environments even faster characterisation of corrosion properties of aluminium brazing sheet would be advantageous. The Stepwise Dissolution Measurement (SDM), which is an electrochemical technique, was developed in our laboratory to enable rapid screening of corrosion properties of aluminium brazing sheet. Within approximately 6 hours it is possible to distinguish between Long Life (over 25 days SWAAT performance) and non Long Life materials. Cross section showed that the mode of attack in SDM is similar to the mode of attack in SWAAT exposure. Copyright © 2001 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.

关键词： Dissolution

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Refractory castables for the ladle furnace delta section at corusijmuiden

Refractory castables for the ladle furnace delta section at ...

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UNITECR '05 - Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories: 9th Biennial Worldwide Congress on Refractories

作者： Andersen, Flemming Van Wal, Sander Der Corus Research Development and Technology Netherlands Corus Staal bv. Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)1574982656

In the ladle furnace delta section at BOS plant No 2 at corus Ijmuiden a refractory castable is used. The two most important wear mechanisms for the delta section are thermal shock and melting of the refractory material. Therefore the thermal shock resistance and the refractoriness under load will be the most important parameters for selecting an alternative to the currently used material. From the results we have seen that products based on alumina are highly refractory and very resistant to thermal shock above 1200 °C. However at lower temperatures in the range 800°C to 1200°C the thermal shock resistance is relatively low. The thermal shock resistance in this range is significantly higher for products based on bauxite and mullite. However the refractoriness of these products is not as high as for the alumina products. In practice, the worst thermal shock occurs when a new steel ladle is entering the ladle furnace for a treatment and when the electrodes are turned on. At these moments it is expected that the temperature of the hot face of the refractory material is less than 1200°C. Therefore the thermal shock resistance at these relatively low temperatures are more important than at higher temperatures, but in order to reach the high thermal shock resistance at the lower temperatures a compromise must be made on refractoriness. Two specific products are a large improvement regarding refractoriness and thermal shock in the range under 1200°C compared to the currently used product. One of these two is recommended for plant trial. This product is the least brittle at temperatures around 6-800°C. The delta section is water cooled and a large part of the refractory castable is expected to be at a temperature around 6-800°C. The results from the first plant trial are also presented.

关键词： Refractory metals

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Experimental and cfd research on the thermal performance of the air cooled slab system

Experimental and cfd research on the thermal performance of ...

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Building Simulation 2005 - 9th International IBPSA Conference, BS 2005

作者： Isanska-Cwiek, Agnieszka Corus Research Development and Technology Swinden Technology Centre United Kingdom

This paper presents an air cooled slab system (ACS) specially designed for use in multi-storey steel framed buildings. The system works by passing air through ducts in the trapezoidal hollow section of the steel/concrete composite floor, so the mass of the concrete slab can be used to store both heat and coolth at different parts the diurnal cycle. Since the ACS system uses the thermal capacity of concrete, it has considerable potential for reducing or even eliminating the need for mechanical cooling. This paper presents a CFD model of the ACS system that was developed to understand the performance of the system under different operating conditions. The model was validated with experimental data.

关键词： Concrete slabs

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