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A 60 GHz Broadband LNA With Joined Variable Gain Control and Switching in 22 nm FD-SOI

IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 111627-111637页

作者： Xu, Xin Wagner, Jens Carta, Corrado Ellinger, Frank Tech Univ Dresden Chair Circuit Design & Network Theory D-01069 Dresden Germany Tech Univ Dresden Ctr Tactile Internet Human Loop CeTI D-01069 Dresden Germany Tech Univ Berlin Chair Integrated Broadband & High Frequency Circui D-10587 Berlin Germany

This paper investigates a 60 GHz low-power broadband low noise amplifier (LNA) with variable gain control. To prove the concept, the circuit is implemented in a 22nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS technology. It supports broadband operation at 60 GHz achieved by gain peaking (gain distribution) technique. By tuning some key matching networks of the amplifier, the peak gain of each stage was distributed to different frequencies resulting in an overall broadband frequency response. The circuit consists of three cascaded cascode amplifier stages. Matching networks were optimized regarding bandwidth and noise figure. The transistor back-gate was used for LNA designs to switch the circuit to low-power standby mode. This avoids the problems of front-gate based switching regarding voltage breakdown and circuit stability. Additionally, simultaneous realization of variable gain control at such high frequencies was achieved via the back-gate. Compared to the front-gate based, the back-gate based variable gain control can deliver a continuous fine-tuning of the gain while requiring less accuracy or resolution of the control voltage. In the measurement, The gain was successfully tuned from 20dB down to -25dB via the back-gate. At a DC power of 8.1mW from a nominal supply of 1V, the LNA provides a peak gain of 20dB, a bandwidth of 18.5 GHz, and a minimum noise figure of 3.3dB. When biased at a reduced DC supply of 0.4V, the presented circuit consumes only 2.5mW of DC power, and still provides a power gain of 10dB and a minimum noise figure of around 4.5dB. By switching to standby mode, the LNA consumes 850 mu W of DC power at the nominal supply and 240 mu W at the reduced supply. The LNA compares well against previously reported designs by showing the lowest noise figure with competitive gain, bandwidth and DC power. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first 60 GHz LNA featuring joined variable gain control and switching capability via solely back-gate bias

关键词： Switches Transistors Gain control Broadband amplifiers Impedance Switching circuits Signal to noise ratio 22 nm FD-SOI 60 GHz broadband CMOS cascode circuit gain peaking technique low-power LNA switching variable gain millimeter-wave

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Enhanced One-Way Delay Monitoring with OpenFlow 36

Enhanced One-Way Delay Monitoring with OpenFlow

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36th International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN)

作者： Sossalla, Peter Rischke, Justus Fitzek, Frank H. P. Tech Univ Dresden Deutsch Telekom Chair Commun Networks Ctr Tactile Internet Human In The Loop CeTI Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665413329

Network monitoring is an important task in future networks to mitigate outages, guarantee low latency and high throughput, and quickly adapt to changes of network conditions. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) enables dynamic adaptation to changing network environments through the ability to program network behavior. However, to react properly to changing environments, precise and credible information about performance metrics such as latency is necessary. Recent research activities exploited OpenFlow, an SDN protocol, to measure delays inside the network, without the need for additional hard- or software. In this paper, we propose an improved method to measure one-way delays, which can handle asymmetrical delays between the SDN controller and the switches. We implemented our approach in a hardware testbed to evaluate it in a setup with asymmetrical delays and traffic loads. The results show that we are able to measure asymmetrical delays in the network. Additionally, the proposed solution is capable of discovering the network topology and therefore gives together with the performance metrics the information for efficient routing decisions. In addition, we make the source code of our implementation publicly available.

关键词： Protocols Network topology Telecommunication traffic Throughput Routing Software Delays

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Energy-Aware Synchronization of Hardware Tasks in Virtualized Embedded Systems 34

Energy-Aware Synchronization of Hardware Tasks in Virtualize...

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34th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)

作者： Wulf, Cornelia Akguen, Goekhan Safarpour, Mehdi Grishchenko, Anastacia Goehringer, Diana Tech Univ Dresden Chair Adapt Dynam Syst Dresden Germany Tech Univ Dresden Ctr Tactile Internet Human In The Loop CeTI Dresden Germany Univ Oulu Ctr Machine Vis & Signal Anal Oulu Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530082;9798331530075

Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is an effective means to reduce the energy dissipation of digital designs. While on most commodity FPGAs, memory and processor have separately controlled voltages, the programmable logic section relies on a single voltage rail and thus imposes the same voltage for all hardware accelerators that operate concurrently. Finding time slots eligible for voltage scaling gets difficult in virtualized systems, where the FPGA is shared by tasks executed in multiple guest operating systems. The situation gets even more complicated, when error-tolerant tasks are considered that allow the voltage to be reduced below its nominal value, which could provoke a certain rate of faulty hardware accelerator runs. As a solution, we propose a strategy that synchronizes concurrently executed periodic hardware tasks under consideration of their reliability as well as their real-time requirements so that the supply voltage is controlled accordingly. The proposed strategy can be combined with further mechanisms for saving energy. Our run-time module performs clock gating and adjusts the voltage to the requirements of aperiodic tasks. For fault-tolerant tasks, we monitor the error rate using Algorithm Based Fault Tolerance (ABFT) that can detect and characterize errors with an accuracy close to 100%. Compared to a strategy that scales voltage without synchronizing hardware tasks, we achieve in the best case a power saving by 29.4% and an average saving by 7%.

关键词： Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling low power FPGA virtualization hardware task scheduling

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5G-TSN FlexTac: Experience A New Touch

5G-TSN FlexTac: Experience A New Touch

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IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM)

作者： Senk, Stefan Scheinert, Tobias Nazari, Hosein K. Liu, How-Hang Nguyen, Giang T. Fitzek, Frank H. P. Tech Univ Dresden Deutsch Telekom Chair Commun Networks Dresden Germany Tech Univ Dresden Hapt Commun Syst Dresden Germany Tech Univ Dresden Ctr Tactile Internet Human In The Loop CeTI Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384482;9798350384475

The tactile internet (TI) is a revolutionary communication platform that enables perceived real-time interaction between humans and machines, such as in remote surgery. However, realizing TI is a complex challenge in wireless networks like the 5G and beyond 5G mobile communication systems. 5G-TSN is an approach adopting the determinism of Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) into 5G systems. This demo presents 5G-TSN FlexTac, a 5G and TSN combination, to achieve ultra-low latency for real-time tactile experiences. The demo showcases its effectiveness in providing immersive haptic interactions, opening avenues for virtual reality and remote surgery applications. The user can experience the tactile internet with haptic feedback through a cyber-physical input device. Furthermore, the user can understand the need for traffic prioritization by investigating the effects of different QoS settings in the 5G-TSN FlexTac testbed.

关键词： 5G and beyond 5G Time-Sensitive Networking tactile internet Testbed Haptic Communication Systems

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Dynamic Functional Split Orchestration 24

Dynamic Functional Split Orchestration

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24th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)

作者： Pousa, Ricardo J. B. Seidel, Mauri Nguyen, Giang Fitzek, Frank Tech Univ Dresden Deutsch Telekom Chair Commun Networks Dresden Germany Tech Univ Dresden Hapt Commun Syst Dresden Germany Tech Univ Dresden Ctr Tactile Internet Human In The Loop CeTI Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377330;9798350377323

With the envisioned requirements for future mobile networks and the adoption of Software Defined Networks, finer control over the resources that enable a full dynamic Radio Access Network has become paramount. This work proposes a solution to control the Processing Units within an Open Virtual Radio Access Network. The solution presented seeks to integrate the Optical and Functional Split control with the O-RAN alliance architecture. The management of the Functional Split will further optimise transport and computing resources responding to the requirements of ever-dynamic scenarios.

关键词： Dynamic Functional Split Network Orchestration Slicing

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A Piezoresistive Cork-Based Sustainable and Robust Sensor for Force-Sensing Application

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2024年第20期24卷 31867-31874页

作者： Harija, H. Langer, Enrico Prokopchuk, Artem Saran, B. Arief, Injamamul Nag, Anindya Das, Amit Richter, Andreas Ercan Altinsoy, Mehmet Tech Univ Dresden Fac Elect & Comp Engn D-01062 Dresden Germany Tech Univ Dresden Inst Semicond & Microsyst D-01062 Dresden Germany Leibniz Inst Polymerforsch Dresden eV D-01069 Dresden Germany Tech Univ Dresden Ctr Tactile Internet Human Loop CeTI D-01069 Dresden Germany

Traditional graphene synthesis methods have been proven effective in creating high-quality output but often involve low-throughput, expensive equipment, and resources. The unique atomic structure and high electrical conductivity of graphene make it a promising choice for a wide range of sensing applications. A high demand to develop scalable, economical, and sustainable synthesis methods is required to enhance the quality and characteristics of the resultant graphene. Laser irradiation of organic substrates to produce laser-induced graphene (LIG) offers a feasible and emerging approach to develop cost-effective and flexible graphene with potential applications. In addition, this bottom-up approach is a maskless, chemical-free patterning process on sustainable substrates, yielding green or environment-friendly applications. The fabrication and characterization of novel LIG-based electrodes from cork substrates for sensing applications are presented in this article. The evaluation of low-cost, sustainable, cork-based graphene sensors for force sensing applications is also presented. The prototypes were fabricated using an open fiber laser and tested in a laboratory setting to validate the capability of the LIG-based sensors. The sensors' responses were measured in terms of the change in resistance with respect to an applied force. The experimental results provide a podium for the developed prototypes for applications in sports biomechanics and gait biometrics.

关键词： Fiber lasers Graphene Sensors Substrates Optical fiber sensors Power lasers Scanning electron microscopy Cork substrate fiber laser force sensor laser-induced graphene (LIG) sustainable material

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A Research Platform for Studying Mixed-Presence Collaboration

A Research Platform for Studying Mixed-Presence Collaboratio...

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2024 International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality

作者： Bueschel, Wolfgang Krug, Katja Satkowski, Marc Gumhold, Stefan Dachselt, Raimund TUD Dresden Univ Technol Interact Media Lab Dresden Dresden Germany TUD Dresden Univ Technol Chair Comp Graph & Visualizat Dresden Germany Ctr Tactile Internet Human In The Loop CeTI Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506926;9798331506919

In this paper, we present a research platform to support studying collaboration in hybrid and co-located scenarios. Mixed-presence collaboration includes various novel and exciting use cases, such as situated and immersive data analysis by multiple users. However, research in this emerging field is hindered by the technical complexity of the setups and often requires re-implementation of common features. We address this issue by contributing a toolkit and research platform for mixed-presence collaboration that serves as an extensible baseline implementation and enables fast prototyping for user studies in collaborative mixed reality. Furthermore, our platform provides adjustable parameters, such as types of avatars, audio source placement, or the amount of simulated network latency. This way, developers are supported in making design choices regarding typical, re-occurring technical challenges.

关键词： Mixed Presence Mixed Reality Collaboration Situated Analytics Immersive Analytics

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NET Playground - A Multi-Functional Testbed for Distributed Systems 12

NET Playground - A Multi-Functional Testbed for Distributed ...

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12th IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)

作者： Schwenteck, Paul Zimmermann, Sandra von Lengerke, Caspar Scheunert, Christian Fitzek, Frank H. P. Tech Univ Dresden Deutsch Telekom Chair Commun Networks Dresden Germany Tech Univ Dresden Chair Informat Theory & Machine Learning Dresden Germany Ctr Tactile Internet Human in the Loop CeTI Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351866;9798350351859

Hardware testbeds play a crucial role in evaluating the energy consumption and performance of distributed systems. In this paper, we present a multi-functional testbed for distributed systems that is easily accessible, operable, and configurable. We describe the design, implementation, and orchestration of the testbed that consists of off-the-shelf devices with varying specifications, energy consumption, and network connectivity. Additionally, we provide all technical information in an opensource GitLab repository. Using the presented testbed, we evaluate in a specific test scenario the download time and energy consumption of a distributed caching system that operates using the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and the Multi Access Recoding System (MARS), an addition to IPFS using network coding. Our results show that an increase in the number of nodes in the network can significantly reduce download time for the user by 57%, while MARS is 10% faster than IPFS with less than 8 peers. The number of transmitting nodes does not affect the energy the user requires for the download process. Also, every node in the network requires less energy when more nodes are available. However, the overall energy required for the network rises significantly by 400%. Such network-wide observations are difficult to obtain in simulations or emulations, emphasizing the importance of using real testbeds to evaluate distributed systems.

关键词： Hardware testbed energy consumption distributed caching IPFS network performance analysis distributed architectures

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Impact of dehydration on laparoscopic performance: a prospective, open-label, randomized cross-over trial

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SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES 2024年第3期38卷 1390-1397页

作者： Bereuter, Jean-Paul Geissler, Mark Enrik Geissler, Rona Schmidt, Sofia Buck, Nathalie Weiss, Juliane Krause-Juettler, Grit Weitz, Juergen Distler, Marius von Bechtolsheim, Felix Oehme, Florian Tech Univ Dresden Fac Med Dept Visceral Thorac & Vasc Surg Dresden Germany Univ Hosp Carl Gustav Carus Dresden Germany Tech Univ Dresden Ctr Tactile Internet Human In The Loop CeTI Dresden Germany Natl Ctr Tumor Dis NCT Dresden Germany

Introduction During laparoscopic surgery, surgeons may experience prolonged periods without fluid intake, which might impact surgical performance, yet there are no objective data investigating this issue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of prolonged dehydration on laparoscopic surgical performance and tissue handling. Methods A total of 51 laparoscopic novices participated in a single-center, open-label, prospective randomized cross-over trial. All participants were trained to proficiency using a standardized laparoscopic training curriculum. Afterward, all participants performed four different laparoscopic tasks twice, once after 6 h without liquid intake (dehydrated group) and once without any restrictions (control group). Primary endpoints were tissue handling defined by force exertion, task time, and error rate. The real hydration status was assessed by biological parameters, like heart rate, blood pressure, and blood gas analysis. Results 51 laparoscopic novices finished the curriculum and completed the tasks under both hydrated and dehydrated conditions. There were no significant differences in mean non-zero and peak force between the groups. However, dehydrated participants showed significantly slower task times in the Peg transfer task (hydrated: 139.2 s vs. dehydrated: 147.9 s, p=0.034) and more errors regarding the precision in the laparoscopic suture and knot task (hydrated: 15.7% accuracy rate vs. dehydrated: 41.2% accuracy rate, p<0.001). Conclusion Prolonged periods of dehydration do not appear to have a substantial effect on the fundamental tissue handling skills in terms of force exertion among surgical novices. Nevertheless, the observed impact on speed and precision warrants attention.

关键词： Minimally invasive surgery Dehydration Laparoscopic skill analysis

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A 434 MHz Wakeup Receiver Analog Frontend based on a Switched Injection-Triggered Oscillator with-91 dBm Input Sensitivity and 175 pJ/bit Efficiency 19

A 434 MHz Wakeup Receiver Analog Frontend based on a Switche...

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19th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC)

作者： Meller, Georg Methfessel, Michael Protze, Florian Wagner, Jens Effinger, Frank Tech Univ Dresden Chair Circuit Design & Network Theory Dresden Germany IHP Leibniz Inst Innovat Mikroelekt Frankfurt Germany Tech Univ Dresden Ctr Tactile Internet Human In The Loop CeTI Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385120;9782874870781

A 434 MHz analog frontend for wakeup receivers based on a switched injection-triggered oscillator (SITO) designed in IHP SGB25V 250 nm BiCMOS technology is presented. On-off keying (OOK) demodulation is performed by evaluating the ramp-up time of a one-port oscillator. The oscillator drives a dual resonator consisting of an off-chip LC parallel tank in parallel to a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator. In conjunction with an antenna switch the SAW resonator alternatingly accumulates signal energy and emits it as a pulse to trigger the oscillator ramp-up. This results in a high measured input sensitivity of -91 dBm (without coding) while delivering a narrow measured 3 dB input filtering bandwidth of 166 kHz due to the high quality factor of the SAW resonator. Bitwise duty cycling leads to an energy efficient receiver frontend with a low measured DC energy per bit of 175 pJ. Data rate and DC power can be scaled over a wide range from 100 bps at 17.5 nW up to 15 kbps at 2.6 mu W (all measured).

关键词： input network low-power on-off keying oscillator SAW wake-up receiver

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