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Enabling LoRa energy awareness: A Multihop One-Hop Routing Protocol for Prolonging Network Lifetime 19

Enabling LoRa energy awareness: A Multihop One-Hop Routing P...

19th Annual International Conference on Distributed Computing in Smart Systems and the Internet of Things, DCOSS-IoT 2023

作者： Katsidimas, Ioannis Manolopoulos, Alexandros-Ioannis Nikoletseas, Sotiris University of Patras Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics Patras Greece University of Athens Department of Physics National and Kapodistrian Athens Greece University of Patras and Computer Technology Institute and Press Diophantus Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics Patras Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798350346497

IoT applications often rely on battery-powered nodes that may be challenging to recharge, making energy efficiency a crucial concern. In this context, routing protocols play a vital role as they dictate the paths data packets take between nodes, directly influencing the energy consumption of IoT networks. Energy-aware routing protocols have been proposed to address this issue, with the aim of optimizing energy consumption by selecting paths that minimize the energy required for data transmission and reception. These protocols employ various strategies, such as distance-based, traffic-based, and hybrid schemes, to achieve energy efficiency in IoT networks. LoRaWAnprotocol has been adopted for various IoT applications with requirements in low-power and extended coverage. Over the recent years attempts have been made to replace the typical star topology employed by LoRa with multihop solutions, in an effort to further increase its capabilities. In this paper, we present a multihop algorithm that is based on an energy-balanced routing scheme adopted by LoRa nodes to increase energy efficiency and network lifetime. Multiple one-hop routes are configured for critical nodes and a different route is selected in each transmission. Additionally, critical nodes adjust their Spreading Factor and Transmission Power according to the distance of intermediate nodes. Simulation testing results verify the improved performance of our algorithm over the direct link approach. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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AI-Driven Learning Management Systems:Modern Developments, Challenges and Future Trends during theAge of ChatGPT

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 3289-3314页

作者： Sameer Qazi Muhammad Bilal Kadri Muhammad Naveed Bilal AKhawaja Sohaib Zia Khan Muhammad Mansoor Alam Mazliham Mohd Su’ud Department of Computer Science Faculty of EngineeringScience and TechnologyIQRA UniversityKarachi75500Pakistan College of Computer and Information Sciences Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical EngineeringIslamic University of MadinahP.O.BOX 170Madinah41411Saudi Arabia Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical EngineeringIslamic University of MadinahP.O.BOX 170Madinah41411Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computing Riphah International UniversityIslamabad46000Pakistan Faculty of Computing and Informatics(FCI)Multimedia University Cyberjaya63100Malaysia Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology School of Computer ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW 2007Australia

COVID-19 pandemic restrictions limited all social activities to curtail the spread of the *** foremost and most prime sector among those affected were schools,colleges,and *** education system of entire nations had shifted to online education during this *** shortcomings of Learning Management Systems(LMSs)were detected to support education in an online mode that spawned the research in Artificial Intelligence(AI)based tools that are being developed by the research community to improve the effectiveness of *** paper presents a detailed survey of the different enhancements to LMSs,which are led by key advances in the area of AI to enhance the real-time and non-real-time user *** AI-based enhancements proposed to the LMSs start from the Application layer and Presentation layer in the form of flipped classroom models for the efficient learning environment and appropriately designed UI/UX for efficient utilization of LMS utilities and resources,including AI-based *** layer enhancements are also required,such as AI-based online proctoring and user authentication using *** extend to the Transport layer to support real-time and rate adaptive encrypted video transmission for user security/privacy and satisfactory working of *** also needs the support of the Networking layer for IP-based geolocation features,the Virtual Private Network(VPN)feature,and the support of Software-Defined Networks(SDN)for optimum Quality of Service(QoS).Finally,in addition to these,non-real-time user experience is enhanced by other AI-based enhancements such as Plagiarism detection algorithms and Data Analytics.

关键词： Learning management systems chatbots ChatGPT online education Internet of Things(IoT) artificial intelligence(AI) convolutional neural networks natural language processing

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Improving bot detection of fake followers on Twitter via a hybrid B-HC optimisation algorithm 5

Improving bot detection of fake followers on Twitter via a h...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Electrical, computer and Communication Technologies, ICECCT 2023

作者： Alzeyadi, Haider Duran, Fecir Informatics Institute Department of Computer Science Gazi University Ankara Turkey Gazi University Engineering Faculty of Technology Department of Computer Engineering Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781665493604

Sophisticated cyber threats are seen on Online Social Networks (OSNs) social media accounts automated to imitate human behaviours has an impactful effect on distorting public thoughts and opinions. OSNs are weaponized to diffuse deception, misinformation, and malicious activities, that forms a serious threat to society. The deceptive nature of imitating human behaviour has become a challenging and crucial task to detect automated accounts (socialbots). This research, however, proposes a hybrid metaheuristic optimisation algorithm for socialbot detection. Specifically, a hybrid B-Hill Climbing (B-HC) optimisation algorithm works in tandem with a k-NN nearest neighbour classifier to accurately select a relevant feature subset. It is applied to be tested for fake followers account on Twitter data. Experimental results showed that the proposed method is better than the traditional and the latest feature selection techniques as well as the rule-set methods. The B-HC alongside with k-NN method achieved promising results using only relevant feature subset. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Feature Selection

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Semi-analytical finite element method applied for characterizing micropolar fibrous composites

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第12期45卷 2147-2164页

作者： J.A.OTERO Y.ESPINOSA-ALMEYDA R.RODRIGUEZ-RAMOS J.MERODIO School of Engineering and Sciences Monterrey Institute of TechnologyEstado de Mexico 52926Mexico Institute of Engineering and Technology Autonomous University of Ciudad JuarezCiudad JuarezChihuahua 32310Mexico Postgraduate Program in Computational Modeling in Science and Technology Federal Fluminense UniversityRıo de Janeiro 27255-125Brazil Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science University of HavanaLa Habana 10400Cuba Department of Mathematics Applied to ICT School of Informatics Systems EngineeringTechnical University of MadridMadrid 28031Spain

A semi-analytical finite element method(SAFEM),based on the two-scale asymptotic homogenization method(AHM)and the finite element method(FEM),is implemented to obtain the effective properties of two-phase fiber-reinforced composites(FRCs).The fibers are periodically distributed and unidirectionally aligned in a homogeneous *** framework addresses the static linear elastic micropolar problem through partial differential equations,subject to boundary conditions and perfect interface contact *** mathematical formulation of the local problems and the effective coefficients are presented by the *** local problems obtained from the AHM are solved by the FEM,which is denoted as the *** numerical results are provided,and the accuracy of the solutions is analyzed,indicating that the formulas and results obtained with the SAFEM may serve as the reference points for validating the outcomes of experimental and numerical computations.

关键词： semi-analytical approach fiber-reinforced composite(FRC) effective property finite element method(FEM) asymptotic homogenization method(AHM) micropolar elasticity

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Enhanced Self-Deployment in IoT Sensor Networks through Leveraging 3D-Voronoi Diagrams with an Advanced Genetic Algorithm

Enhanced Self-Deployment in IoT Sensor Networks through Leve...

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2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2024

作者： Andreas, Andreou Mavromoustakis, Constandinos X. Markakis, Evangelos Bourdena, Athina Mastorakis, George University of Nicosia Department of Computer Science Nicosia Cyprus Hellenic Mediterranean University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Crete Greece Hellenic Mediterranean University Department of Management Science and Technology Crete Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351255

Smart spaces integrate advanced technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance automation and control within various environments. Effective deployment of IoT nodes is crucial for maximizing coverage, minimizing costs, and ensuring network stability in these spaces. This paper presents a novel approach combining 3D Voronoi diagrams with a modified Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize IoT node placement in three-dimensional environments. The proposed method starts with node placement using a homogeneous Poisson Point Process (PPP) and partitions the space into Voronoi cells, followed by iterative adjustments using the modified GA. The method achieves a 15% improvement in coverage ratio, a 10% reduction in deployment effort, and a 20% increase in network stability compared to existing algorithms, with results statistically significant at 5%. Moreover, optimising sensor placements indirectly enhances network security by reducing redundant data paths and strengthening network resilience. This study provides a scalable, efficient solution for IoT network deployment in complex environments, addressing key challenges in smart space optimization and paving the way for more secure and robust IoT infrastructures. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Solving Secluded Path Problem by Heuristics and Local Search

Solving Secluded Path Problem by Heuristics and Local Search

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2024 Cognitive Models and Artificial Intelligence Conference, AICCONF 2024

作者： Acikalin, Utku Umur Caskurlu, Bugra Abul, Osman Department of Computer Engineering TOBB University of Economics and Technology Ankara Turkey Department of Computer Science College of Computing and Informatics University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798400716928

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play a crucial role in various domains, from commercial to military, enabling precise monitoring of environmental and other conditions. However, the transmission of sensitive data in WSNs poses security challenges, particularly concerning eavesdropping attacks. While cryptographic methods offer protection, they often incur high energy costs, making them impractical for battery-powered WSNs. Our problem formulation, based on graph theory, reduces to the Secluded Paths problem for which no polynomial solution yet to known. Motivated by the challenge of reducing the eavesdropping risk through intelligent routing, we propose a scalable optimization approach using heuristics and local search techniques. We present a solution framework, followed by an experimental evaluation to demonstrate its efficacy. This paper contributes to the advancement of secure and efficient data transmission in WSNs. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Sensitive data

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Disentangling Prosody Representations With Unsupervised Speech Reconstruction

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IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing 2024年 32卷 39-54页

作者： Qu, Leyuan Li, Taihao Weber, Cornelius Pekarek-Rosin, Theresa Ren, Fuji Wermter, Stefan Institute of Artificial Intelligence Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou311121 China Department of Informatics University of Hamburg Hamburg20148 Germany School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China

Human speech can be characterized by different components, including semantic content, speaker identity and prosodic information. Significant progress has been made in disentangling representations for semantic content and speaker identity in speech recognition and speaker verification tasks respectively. However, it is still an open challenging question to extract prosodic information because of the intrinsic association of different attributes, such as timbre and rhythm, and because of the need for supervised training schemes to achieve robust speech recognition. The aim of this article is to address the disentanglement of emotional prosody based on unsupervised reconstruction. Specifically, we identify, design, implement and integrate three crucial components in our proposed model Prosody2Vec: (1) a unit encoder that transforms speech signals into discrete units for semantic content, (2) a pretrained speaker verification model to generate speaker identity embeddings, and (3) a trainable prosody encoder to learn prosody representations. We first pretrain Prosody2Vec on unlabelled emotional speech corpora, then fine-tune the model on specific datasets to perform Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) and Emotional Voice Conversion (EVC) tasks. Both objective and subjective evaluations on the EVC task suggest that Prosody2Vec effectively captures general prosodic features that can be smoothly transferred to other emotional speech. In addition, our SER experiments on the IEMOCAP dataset reveal that the prosody features learned by Prosody2Vec are complementary and beneficial for the performance of widely used speech pretraining models and surpass the state-of-the-art methods when combining Prosody2Vec with HuBERT representations. Audio samples can be found on our demo website. © 2023 The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Enhancing Pretrained Multilingual Machine Translation Model with Code-Switching: A Study on Chinese, English and Malay Language 24

Enhancing Pretrained Multilingual Machine Translation Model ...

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13th International Conference on Computing and Pattern Recognition, ICCPR 2024

作者： Liu, Haijing Seman, Noraini Department of Computer Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology Shanxi Taiyuan China College of Computing Informatics and Mathematics University Technology MARA Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717482

In the field of multilingual machine translation, many pretrained language models have achieved the inspiring results. However, the results based on pretrained models are not yet very satisfactory for low-resource languages. This paper investigates how to leverage code-switching data to fine-tune pretrained multilingual machine translation model, in order to boost the performance of few-shot low resource machine translation. By utilizing a multilingual mixed corpus, the code-switching method can enhance the cross-linguistic generalization ability of the model and improve its overall understanding of the language. In this paper, on the smaller size model of FLORES-101 benchmark, we use the code-switching data augmentation method to achieve the results of benchmark's larger model on six direction pairs of three languages, Chinese, English and Malay. This paper studied various corpus mixture mechanisms to construct the data in code-switching, and the experimental findings show that the results using the code-switching fine-tuning model improve the spBLEU score by an average of 2 to 3 points over the results without code-switching. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Machine translation

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Machine Learning-Based Calibration Approaches for Single-Beam and Multiple-Beam Distance Sensors

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2024年第1期24卷 975-983页

作者： Syu, Jia-Hao Lin, Jerry Chun-Wei Biernacki, Piotr Ziebinski, Adam National Taiwan University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei10617 Taiwan Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Distributed Systems and Informatics Devices Gliwice44-100 Poland Silesian University of Technology Department of Distributed Systems and Informatic Devices Gliwice44-100 Poland

Sensors are the foundation to facilitate smart cities, smart grids, and smart transportation, and distance sensors are especially important for sensing the environment and gathering information. Researchers have developed various methods to calibrate distance sensors;however, they mainly focus on using external information for calibration, which is inefficient and computationally expensive. To alleviate the above problems, we propose machine learning (ML)-based calibration approaches for distance sensors. We develop two calibration mechanisms, where the naive mechanism directly predicts the true distance, while the residual mechanism predicts the residual for calibration. The conventional ML regression algorithms are then adopted to predict the true distance or calibration residual. Experimental results show that the designed residual calibration mechanism outperforms the naive mechanism by reducing the root mean square error (RMSE) by 92.2% and mean absolute error (MAE) by 93.3% in the fitting task. In prediction, the proposed 2-D-residual mechanism achieves an improvement of 78.6% and 65.7% compared to the state-of-the-art method. The experimental results show the effectiveness and generalization of the proposed ML-based calibration method, especially for the 2-D mechanism, which achieves the highest robustness in all fitting and prediction tasks. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Calibration

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Dynamically Reconfigurable Broadband SP3T Switch Powered by WPT for Antenna Switching Applications 52

Dynamically Reconfigurable Broadband SP3T Switch Powered by ...

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52nd European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2022

作者： Bilal, Asif Quddious, Abdul Rezaeieh, Sasan Ahdi Iezekiel, Stavros Antoniades, Marco A. Emphasis Research Centre University of Cyprus Cyprus University of Cyprus Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cyprus Kios Research Center for Excellence University of Cyprus Cyprus School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of Queensland Australia Ryerson University Department of Electrical Computer & Biomedical Engineering Canada

ISBN: (数字)9782874870699

ISBN: (纸本)9782874870699

In this work, a broadband single pole triple throw (SP3T) switch that operates between a frequency range of 0.02 - 6 GHz is reconfigured by means of wireless power transfer (WPT) through an energy harvesting (EH) circuit. The WPT is achieved by designing three rectennas working at 2.3 GHz, 2.45 GHz, and 2.6 GHz. Each rectenna consists of a low-power RF rectifier circuit associated with a distinct antenna element and a commercially available e-peas AEM30940 power management unit (PMU) that is able to provide an output of 1.8 V - 4.1 V with cold start-up from 380 mV and 3 μW input power. The PMU also consists of a storage capacitor where the energy from the low power received signal is stored. The three input pins of the SP3T switch require a driving voltage of 1.8 V to actuate its RF port. This voltage is provided by the designed rectennas through the PMU, and we can actuate the switch with a very low power (3 μW) received signal. The rectennas are designed to provide the 380 mV between -12 dBm to -10 dBm received power with a conversion efficiency of approx. 40 %for each rectenna. The proposed method to wirelessly enable the SP3T switch with a low-power RF signal can provide a breakthrough to reconfigure microwave devices and antennas for a broad range of applications, and also paves the way not only for the generation of clean energy, but also for its use as an alternative to batteries. © 2022 European Microwave Association (EuMA).

关键词： Energy harvesting

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