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IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion (VPPC)

作者： Jorge V. Barreras Claudio Pinto Ricardo de Castro Erik Schaltz Soren J. Andreasen Rui Esteves Araujo Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark INESC TEC (formerly INESC Porto) and Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal Institute of System Dynamics and Control Robotics and Mechatronics Center German Aerospace Center (DLR) Wessling Germany

While a great number of battery balancing circuit topologies have been proposed, the unique control objective typically pursued is equalization of single cell charge. However, a balancing circuit could offer potentially more control features, especially with topologies able to provide bidirectional power flow control. This has not been explored yet in literature or at least not with enough thoroughness. Thus, in addition to charge balancing, up to three more objectives could be pursued simultaneously. Firstly, virtual resistance control, in order to provide dynamic compensation for variations in terminal cell voltage. Secondly, thermal management, to achieve a more uniform temperature distribution within a battery pack. Third, on-board diagnosis or fault detection tools, e.g. to perform characterization tests or to identify and even isolate problematic cells. In this paper, this issue is discussed and evaluated for a battery pack made up of 48 large format Li-Ion cells in series in a e-mobility application. Simulation results demonstrate the technical feasibility of this newly defined concept.

关键词： Batteries system-on-chip Integrated circuit modeling Mathematical model Control systems Voltage control Fault detection

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A Comparative Study between Causal and Non-causal Algorithms for the Energy Management of Hybrid Storage systems

A Comparative Study between Causal and Non-causal Algorithms...

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European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications

作者： Claudio Pinto Ricardo de Castro Rui Esteves Araujo INESC TEC Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Institute of System Dynamics and Control Robotics and Mechatronics Center German Aerospace Center (DLR)

ISBN: (纸本)9781479901159

This paper presents a comparative study between two non-causal algorithms for the energy management problem of electric vehicles, endowed with batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). Toward that goal, an optimization-based energy problem is formulated, which targets the minimization of the source's energy losses throughout a given driving cycle. This problem is solved, firstly, with the help of a fast (but locally optimal) non-linear programming solver;and, secondly, with a slow, but globally optimal, dynamic programming (DP) approach. Simulation results will demonstrate that, despite the different theoretical properties associated with these two solver approaches, both generate similar solutions. In the second part of the work, we will develop a filter-based energy management algorithm, i.e., employ batteries to provide the low-frequency content of the power demand, while SCs cover the high-frequency demand. Our approach builds on the idea of adapting the filter's time constant throughout the vehicle's journey, using, for that purpose, a fuzzy logic algorithm and the information of the state of the vehicle. In comparison with the traditional fixed time-constant approach, the simulation results show that under some conditions the adaptive time-constant algorithm has the potential to reduce the energy losses of the sources by up to 62%.

关键词： Optimisation Energy system management Electric vehicle Hybrid power integration Supercapacitor

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Aerodynamic model identification of Frauke UAV

Aerodynamic model identification of Frauke UAV

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AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference 2012

作者： Lombaerts, T.J.J. German Aerospace Center DLR Münchner Straße 20 82234 Weßling Germany Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics Department of System Dynamics and Control Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781624101847

ISBN: (纸本)9781624101847

This paper describes the methods and results of an identification campaign, which has been set up for the mini UAV Frauke. The estimated parameter values will be used to elaborate an accurate non-linear simulation model of the UAV, which will subsequently be used to develop model based non-linear control techniques for the vehicle. The identifica- tion procedure has been performed with the so-called two step method. First, the aircraft states are estimated based upon the aircraft kinematics, after which the aerodynamic model parameters are identified. It has been found that, due to the dynamic behaviour of the UAV, a more extended aerodynamic model including nonlinear terms is needed. Residual analysis confirms the accuracy of the obtained results. © 2012 by Thomas Lombaerts, German Aerospace Center dlr. Published by the American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Torque allocation in electric vehicles with in-wheel motors: a performance-oriented approach

Torque allocation in electric vehicles with in-wheel motors:...

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IEEE Annual Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Ricardo de Castro Mara Tanelli Rui Esteves Araujo Sergio M. Savaresi Institute of System Dynamics and Control Robotics and Mechatronics Center German Aerospace Center (DLR) Wessling D-82234 Germany Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781467357159

The coordinated control of vehicle actuators is gaining more importance as new platforms are becoming available, with chassis endowed with many different actuators that may help controlling the vehicle motion. Further, in-wheel motors (IWMs) allow using a single system to apply both positive and negative torques at the wheels, which can be actuated independently one from the other. In electric vehicles (EVs), moreover, such a freedom in the actuation mechanisms opens the way to the combined optimization of performance and energy consumption issues. In this paper, the problem of torque allocation for maximizing the vehicle performance in EVs is addressed. The proposed strategy is compared against a benchmark, a-causal optimal solution showing that only a negligible loss of performance is experienced.

关键词： Electric vehicles Torque coordinated control Motor Engines Vehicle performance Chassis Device Component Wheels energy consumption actuators

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Design and flight testing of nonlinear autoflight control laws

AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference 2012

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AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference 2012 2012年

作者： Lombaerts, T.J.J. Looye, G.H.N. Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics Department of System Dynamics and Control German Aerospace Center DLR Münchner Straße 20 82234 Weßling Germany AIAA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781600869389

This paper describes the design of an autoflight controller, based upon nonlinear model- based control laws. These control laws include the previously developed concept of Pseudo Control Hedging (PCH). This PCH algorithm adapts the reference model for the system output in case of unachievable commands due to control input saturation. This control algorithm has been applied on a high fidelity simulation model of the VFW-614 ATTAS (Advanced Technologies Testing Aircraft system) laboratory aircraft, where its beneficial influence has been illustrated. Test flights have been performed with ATTAS to evaluate the flight control technique in a relevant environment. © 2012 by Thomas Lombaerts and Gertjan Looye, German Aerospace Center dlr. Published by the American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

关键词： Control theory

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Design and flight testing of manual flight control laws

Design and flight testing of manual flight control laws

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AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference 2011

作者： Lombaerts, T.J.J. Looye, G.H.N. German Aerospace Center DLR Münchner Straße 20 82234 Wessling Germany Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics Department of System Dynamics and Control Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781600869525

This paper describes the design of a manual flight controller, based upon nonlinear model-based control laws. These control laws include the previously developed concept of Pseudo Control Hedging (PCH). This PCH algorithm adapts the reference model for the system output in case of unachievable commands due to control input saturation. This control algorithm has been applied in the body angular rate control loops of a high fidelity simulation model of the VFW-614 ATTAS (Advanced Technologies Testing Aircraft system) laboratory aircraft, where its beneficial influence has been illustrated. Test flights have been performed with ATTAS to evaluate the flight control technique in a relevant environment. © 2011 by Thomas Lombaerts and Gertjan Looye, German Aerospace Center dlr. Published by the American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

关键词： Control theory

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Diagnosis of actuator faults using LPV-gain scheduling techniques

Diagnosis of actuator faults using LPV-gain scheduling techn...

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AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference 2011

作者： Varga, Andreas Hecker, Simon Ossmann, Daniel Department of System Dynamics and Control Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics DLR Oberpfaffenhofen D-82234 Wessling Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology University of Applied Sciences Munich D- 80335 Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781600869525

We present a new approach for the synthesis of robust fault detection filters for the model based diagnosis of actuator faults. The underlying synthesis model is a linear pa- rameter varying (LPV) description obtained using a combination of analytic and numerical parameter fitting techniques. The actuator LPV model contains uncertain parameters which are partly measurable, thus can be used for gain scheduling, and partly not measur- able, for which robustness must be ensured. The detector synthesis approach is basically a parametric nullspace method combined with min-max parameter fitting. The synthesis technique is applied to the diagnosis of two classes of actuator faults for a civil aircraft: elevator runaway and elevator jamming at null position. © 2011 by the American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Elevators

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Gearbox Ripple Rejection of Robots Using Observer and Adaptive Control Theory

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2011年第1期44卷 893-898页

作者： Sebastian Maier Johann Bals Marc Bodson Department of System Dynamics and Control Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics German Aerospace Center (DLR) 82234 Wessling Germany Muenchner Str. 20 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah 50 S Central Campus Dr. Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA

Abstract Robots are often run with permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) with a high ratio gearbox. Both parts can produce parasitic oscillations (ripples), which let the robot shake at tool center point. The gearbox ripple problem is more complicated to be solved with control theory because only motor side sensors should be used. Due to the internal model principle gearbox side information is necessary to solve the problem. The first algorithm uses an observer to get gearbox side information where the second algorithm uses a gearbox side rate sensor. The algorithms are tested with a nonlinear SISO problem and with a nonlinear MIMO system. In both cases the ripples are canceled with an adaptive controller which estimates the phase and magnitude of the ripple. This adaptive controller is designed separately and is added to the existing basis controller. The algorithms are tested in simulation and on a testbed, which is an industrial application.

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Pseudo control hedging and its application for safe flight envelope protection

Pseudo control hedging and its application for safe flight e...

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AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference

作者： Lombaerts, T.J.J. Looye, G.H.N. Chu, Q.P. Mulder, J.A. Delft University of Technology P.O. Box 5058 2600 GB Delft Netherlands German Aerospace Center DLR Münchner Straße 20 82234 Wessling Germany Control and Simulation Division Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Germany Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics Department of System Dynamics and Control Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781600869624

This paper describes how the previously developed concept of Pseudo Control Hedging (PCH) can be integrated in a Fault Tolerant Flight Controller (FTFC) as a safe flight envelope protection system of the first degree. This PCH algorithm adapts the reference model for the system output in case of unachievable commands due to control input saturation. As an example, this algorithm has been applied in the pitch rate and velocity control loops of a high fidelity Boeing 747 simulation model where its beneficial influence has been illustrated. The nonlinear adaptive control law used for this example is a triple layered nonlinear dynamic inversion algorithm, based upon the concept of time scale separation. Copyright © 2010 by the authors.

关键词： Flight envelopes

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Robot Companions for Citizens

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Procedia Computer Science 2011年 7卷 47-51页

作者： Paolo Dario Paul F.M.J. Verschure Tony Prescott Gordon Cheng Giulio Sandini Roberto Cingolani Rüdiger Dillmann Dario Floreano Christophe Leroux Sheila MacNeil Pieter Roelfsema Xenophon Verykios Antonio Bicchi Chris Melhuish Alin Albu-Schäffer The BioRobotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34. 56025 Pontedera Italy Laboratory for Synthetic Perceptive Emotive and Cognitive Systems Catalan and Institute of Advanced Research (ICREA) Technology Department Universitat Pompeu Fabra Roc Boronat 138. 08018 Barcelona Spain Department of Psychology The University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN UK Institute for Cognitive Systems Technische Universität München Karlstrasse 45/II. 80333 München Germany Robotics Brain and Cognitive Sciences Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30. 16163 Genova Italy Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30. 16163 Genova Italy Institute for Anthropomatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Adenauerring 2 (Building 50.20). 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Laboratory of Intelligent Systems École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne Station 11. CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland CEA LIST Interactive Robotics Laboratory 18 route du panorama BP6. 92265 Fontenay Aux Roses cedex France The Kroto Research Institute North Campus University of Sheffield Broad Lane Sheffield S3 7HQ UK Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Van Wetenschappen Meibergdreef 47. 1105 BA Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Chemical Engineering University of Patras Karatheodoris 1 University Campus GR 265 00 Patras Interdepartmental Research Center “E. Piaggio” Faculty of Engineering University of Pisa via Diotisalvi 2.56100 Pisa Italy Department of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Sciences University of Bristol and the West of England Bristol Robotics Laboratory (BRL) DuPont Building Bristol Business Park Bristol BS16 1QD UK DLR Institute of Robotics and System Dynamics P.O.Box 1116. 82230 Wessling Germany

This paper describes the scientific vision and objectives of the FET Flagship candidate initiative Robot Companions for Citizens. Robot Companions will be a new generation of machines that will primarily help and assist elderly people in activities of daily living in their workplace, home and in society. They will be the ICT solution for a new sustainable welfare.

关键词： robotics nanotechnologies material science tissue engineering biomaerials neuroscience social neuroscience human and social sciences ethical and legal issues

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