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13th World Conference on Timber engineering: Timber for a Livable Future, WCTE 2023

作者： Gubana, Alessandra Melotto, Massimo De Cillia, Luca Mazelli, Alessandro DPIA Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Udine Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781713873297

Self-tapping screws are an interesting solution for timber-to-timber shear connections due to their performance, their economic advantages and their ease of use. The screws are preferably used inclined with respect to the shear flow direction, to improve the stiffness and the strength of the connection. The shear transfer mechanism is influenced also by the withdrawal capacity of the screw and by friction between timber elements. These connections are useful for the bending reinforcement of existing timber floors, but the design of these composite-sections requires the knowledge of the connection behaviour. However, very few data are available on the long-term behaviour. An experimental campaign to follow the connection behaviour during time has been performed. The results of a first group of twenty-four identic specimens were already presented. The last results of another group of sixty-three specimens are here reported. One half of the specimens was stored in a controlled environment, one half was stored in a not-controlled environment. Air temperature and humidity were regularly recorded. Push-out tests (as soon as built and after 6, 12 and 24 months) were performed and the main mechanical parameters of the connections as strength, stiffness and ductility at different ages are here compared. © 2023 13th World Conference on Timber engineering, WCTE 2023. All rights reserved.

关键词： Timber

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EVALUATION OF THE BEHAVIOUR FACTOR BY INCREMENTAL DYNAMIC ANALYSES FOR THE SEISMIC DESIGN OF LIGHT-FRAME TIMBER BUILDINGS 13

EVALUATION OF THE BEHAVIOUR FACTOR BY INCREMENTAL DYNAMIC AN...

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13th World Conference on Timber engineering: Timber for a Livable Future, WCTE 2023

作者： Gubana, Alessandra Mazelli, Alessandro DPIA Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Udine Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781713873297

Light Frame Wood structures are today a valid alternative to Cross Laminated Timber structures for low and medium height buildings, both in terms of performance and environmental impact, given the lower volume of wood used. Light wood frames demonstrate a ductile behavior under seismic actions, linked to the plastic deformation of the connections, but uncertainties still regard the value of the behaviour factor associated to these types of structures. This paper presents the evaluation of the behaviour factor ‘q’, used for the seismic design, based on Incremental Dynamic Analyses for Light-Frame Timber Buildings. Papers in literature regarding its evaluation are mostly based on static nonlinear pushover analyses. Example buildings with 2, 3 and 4 storeys, were designed according to capacity design and then analysed by varying the displacement-ductility of the sheathing-to-frame connection. The results are then compared with the requirements provided by codes. © WCTE *** rights reserved

关键词： Seismic design

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Influence of structural irregularity on the q-behaviour factor of light-frame timber buildings by means of incremental dynamic analysis 64

Influence of structural irregularity on the q-behaviour fact...

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64th International Conference on Vibroengineering

作者： Mazelli, Alessandro Bedon, Chiara Morassi, Antonino DPIA Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Udine Udine Italy DIA Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Trieste Trieste Italy

This paper investigates the role of sheathing-to-framing connection ductility in the evaluation of the structural q-behaviour factor for Light-Frame Timber (LFT) buildings, by means of Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDA). This approach allows to consider nonlinear cyclic behaviour of the walls, which cannot be taken into account with the static approaches used in most of the available literature on LFT buildings. To this aim, Finite Element wall models, preliminary calibrated towards a cyclic full-scale experimental test, are built to study six case-study buildings, both regular and non-regular, with 2, 3 or 4 storeys, which were designed according to Eurocode and Capacity Design provisions. Parametric analyses are performed by varying the displacement-ductility of the panel. Finally, numerical results are discussed in terms of q-behaviour factor, and its sensitivity to structural irregularities, with respect to existing code provisions for timber buildings. © 2023 JVE International. All rights reserved.

关键词： Factor analysis

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Morphodynamic numerical modelling of bridge pier erosion induced by downstream check-dam partial collapse

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2024年 62卷 601-608页

作者： Matteo Nicolini Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture (DPIA) University of Udine via del Cotonificio 114 Udine 33100 Italy

The paper presents a case study in which a severe bridge pier erosion effect was triggered by a partial collapse of a downstream check-dam, due to a flood event in June 2020. The area under study is about 30 km east from the city of Udine (Italy), along the river Torre, which is the main tributary of the river Isonzo. In particular, it is 1 km downstream of the confluence between river Torre and its main tributary, river Natisone. The hydrodynamic complexity of the reach is further exacerbated by the presence of two bridges, close to each other and almost parallel (the new one is just upstream and it is under construction, although almost finished, while the old one is still in service). The result is that there are many bridge piers in the riverbed, determining some interference effects also increasing local erosion. The presence of a check-dam 600 m downstream of the old bridge had a stabilizing effect in this sense, although it was originally designed as a grade control structure of the river. The flood event determined a partial collapse of such structure, whose central portion was progressively excised by tipping. The backward propagation of the erosion reached the area of the bridges, determining a progressive general lowering of the river bed. As a consequence, many bridge piers of the old bridge were excavated, determining severe conditions for the stability of the structure (the traffic was interrupted). The paper presents the methodology adopted and the main results obtained by hydrodynamic and morphodynamic numerical analyses, which were conducted through a two-dimensional, finite volume, shallow water model able to determine the hydrodynamic fields (water depth and flow velocity) and the evolutionary trends of the river bed, allowing to identify the best retrofitting strategy for the design phase.

关键词： river flood two-dimensional models BASEMENT software case study

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Adiabatic leaky integrate and fire neurons with refractory period for ultra low energy neuromorphic computing

npj Unconventional Computing

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npj Unconventional Computing 2024年第1期1卷 1-11页

作者： Marco Massarotto Stefano Saggini Mirko Loghi David Esseni DPIA—Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Udine Udine Italy

In recent years, the in-memory-computing in charge domain has gained significant interest as a promising solution to further enhance the energy efficiency of neuromorphic hardware. In this work, we explore the synergy between the brain-inspired computation and the adiabatic paradigm by presenting an adiabatic Leaky Integrate-and-Fire neuron in 180 nm CMOS technology, that is able to emulate the most important primitives for a valuable neuromorphic computation, such as the accumulation of the incoming input spikes, an exponential leakage of the membrane potential and a tunable refractory period. Differently from previous contributions in the literature, our design can exploit both the charging and recovery phases of the adiabatic operation to ensure a seamless and continuous computation, all the while exchanging energy with the power supply with an efficiency higher than 90% over a wide range of resonance frequencies, and even surpassing 99% for the lowest frequencies. Our simulations unveil a minimum energy per synaptic operation of 470 fJ at a 500 kHz resonance frequency, which yields a 9x energy saving with respect to a non-adiabatic operation.

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Identification of Axon Bendings in Neurons by Multiphysics FEM Simulations of High-Density MEA Extracellular Recordings

Identification of Axon Bendings in Neurons by Multiphysics F...

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IEEE SENSORS

作者： Federico Leva Andrea Corna Paul Werginz Pierpaolo Palestri Günter Zeck Luca Selmi Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia Modena Italy Institute of Biomedical Electronics Technische Universität Wien Vienna Austria DPIA Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Udine Udine Italy

A three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) simulation of a neuron (retinal ganglion cell) interfaced to a high-density CMOS-based microelectrode array (MEA) is performed and compared to recordings. The adopted multiscale simulation approach accurately reproduces the signals recorded by the patch clamp and the MEA sensors. The simulation leads us to identify bendings of the axon initial segment of a few neurons embedded in tissue, which are reported here for the first time.

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Anaerobic Digestion of Brackish and High Salinity Aquaculture Sludges

Anaerobic Digestion of Brackish and High Salinity Aquacultur...

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2021 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting, ASABE 2021

作者： Chiumenti, Alessandro Owono, Bartolomè Owono Fait, Giulio Mainardis, Matia Goi, Daniele Stella, Elisa Da Borso, Francesco Department of Agricultural Food Animal and Environmental Sciences University of Udine DI4A via delle Scienze 206 Udine33100 Italy Department Polytechnic of Engineering and Architecture University of Udine Dpia Via del Cotonificio 108 Udine33100 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781713833536

The development of intensive fish production is facing the challenge of the sustainable management of effluents. Aquaculture reproductive sectors (i.e., hatcheries) in most cases implement water recirculation systems (RAS), which discharge a portion of the produced wastewater. Anaerobic digestion (AD) process could mitigate the environmental impact of this waste stream while producing fuel in the form of biogas. The present research represents a further development of previous tests conducted in the framework of the AdriaAquaNet Interreg Project. The anaerobic digestion tests were conducted using a pilot scale Bioreactor simulator system (BRS, Bioprocess Control, Sweden). This apparatus can operate with semi-continuous loading, simulating a full-scale reactor in order to study the optimal process layout and the optimal substrate retention time. The system was initially loaded with an inoculum derived from anaerobically treated brackish aquaculture sludges and with digestate originated from a full-scale anaerobic reactor operating with animal manure and corn silage. The incubation period lasted 20 days, and from the 21st day, aquaculture sludges were loaded with organic loading rates (OLR) varying from 0.16 to 0.64 g VS/L day, with hydraulic retention times (HRTs) shortened from 30.0 days to 12.9 days. The tests were performed with salt concentration established at 35 g/L (high salinity conditions) and 12 g/L (original brackish water conditions). Specific methane productions were fairly good (278.9 - 300.3 NL/kg VS input), resulting higher in brackish conditions than in marine conditions, and in correspondence of retention times of about 20 -30 days. © ASABE 2021. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion

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Young drivers’ pedestrian anti-collision braking operation data modelling for ADAS development

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Transportation Research Procedia 2022年 60卷 432-439页

作者： Matteo Miani Matteo Dunnhofer Christian Micheloni Andrea Marini Nicola Baldo Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture (DPIA) University of Udine Via del Cotonificio 114 33100 Udine Italy Department of Mathematics Computer Science and Physics (DMIF) University of Udine Via delle Scienze 206 33100 Udine Italy Department of Languages Literatures Communication Education and Society (DILL) University of Udine Via Margreth 3 33100 Udine Italy Claudiana—Landesfachhochschule für Gesundheitsberufe I-39100 Bolzano Italy

Smart cities and smart mobility come from intelligent systems designed by humans. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is contributing significantly to the development of these systems, and the automotive industry is the most prominent example of "smart" technology entering the market: there are Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS), Radar/LIDAR detection units and camera-based Computer Vision systems that can assess driving conditions. Actually, these technologies have become consumer goods and services in mass-produced vehicles to provide human drivers with tools for a more comfortable and safer driving. Nevertheless, they need to be further improved for progress in the transition to fully automated driving or simply to increase vehicle automation levels. To this end, it becomes imperative to accurately predict driver’s decisions, model human driving behaviors, and introduce more accurate risk assessment metrics. This paper presents a system that can learn to predict the future braking behavior of a driver in a typically urban vehicle-pedestrian conflict, i.e., when a pedestrian enters a zebra crossing from the curb and a vehicle is approaching. The algorithm proposes a sequential prediction of relevant operational indicators that continuously describe the encounter process. A car driving simulator was used to collect reliable data on braking behaviours of a cohort of 68 licensed university students, who faced the same urban scenario. The vehicle speed, steering wheel angle, and pedal activity were recorded as the participants approached the crosswalk, along with the azimuth angle of the pedestrian and the relative longitudinal distance between the vehicle and the pedestrian: the proposed system employs the vehicle information as human driving decisions and the pedestrian information as explanatory variables of the environmental state. In fact, the pedestrian’s polar coordinates are usually calculated by an on-board millimeter-wave radar which is typically used to perc

关键词： ADAS Traffic safety Driver behaviour Gated Recurrent Units Driving simulator

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Silica fume as a surrogate filler in asphalt concrete mixtures: Laboratory investigation and a machine learning-based prediction

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2928卷

作者： Nitin Tiwari Fabio Rondinella Neelima Satyam Nicola Baldo Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore India. Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture (DPIA) University of Udine Via del Cotonificio 114 33100 Udine Italy.

Transport infrastructure is a key asset in the global development of a society. Its improvement, both from the technologies and materials point of view, is a precondition to achieve sustainable and resilient progress. Under these conditions, it is necessary to investigate the feasibility of using waste materials (also called marginal materials) into a pavement mix composition in order to accomplish two main goals: adding useful life to a material that otherwise would be just a waste and saving on virgin materials supply. The presented paper aims at investigating the feasibility of using industrial waste silica fume (SF) as a surrogate filler instead of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Mixtures were produced with different percentages of SF and OPC and their performance was investigated by using the results of Marshall and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) tests. Laboratory testing requires not only highly qualified technicians but also multiple samples in order to define functional relationships between the variables involved. In this regard, soft-computing techniques can be useful in reducing this workload and the resulting costs by identifying the aforementioned relationships by means of artificial intelligence. Therefore, the experimental data collected have been processed using Shallow Neural Networks (SNNs) that provided predictive models of the mixtures’ mechanical and volumetric parameters. Resampling and synthetic data generation techniques successfully addressed the difficulties caused by the relatively small dataset size. Results showed that the use of SF resulted in mixture performance comparable to that achieved by mixtures produced using OPC, occasionally even better. In addition, the proposed neural model performed remarkably well and thus could be used in the asphalt mixture optimization without the need for additional laboratory tests.

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Modeling the cyclic plasticity behavior of 42CrMo4 steel with an isotropic model calibrated on the whole shape of the evolution curve

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2020年 28卷 53-60页

作者： Jelena Srnec Novak Marina Franulović Denis Benasciutti Francesco De Bona Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture (DPIA) University of Udine via delle Scienze 206 33100 Udine Italy Faculty of Engineering University of Rijeka Croatia Department of Engineering University of Ferrara via Saragat 1 44122 Ferrara Italy

A durability analysis of a mechanical component generally requires accurate numerical simulations. For this purpose, the adopted cyclic plasticity material model should follow as closely as possible the material behavior observed during experimental testing. This work presents calibration of the isotropic material model for a 42CrMo4 steel, based on a series of cyclic fully-reversed tension-compression strain controlled tests performed at different strain amplitudes. Stress-strain cycles were recorded until end of each test with the goal to capture the isotropic stabilization effect of the material. As the isotropic model calibration gave poor results, if the exponential law proposed by Voce is adopted, an alternative Three parameters (TP) isotropic model is thus considered. The comparison with the experimental results show that the TP model fits significantly better the experimental results in almost all the considered cases. A possible justification of such improvement seems to be related to the fact that the equation governing the TP model contain a parameter that controls also the slope of the “S-shape curve” which describes the evolution of the material from initial to stabilized condition.

关键词： low-alloy 42CrMo4 steel material characterization isotropic model cyclic plasticity

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