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Defect engineering approaches for metal oxide semiconductor-based chemiresistive gas sensing

Coordination Chemistry Reviews 2025年 541卷

作者： Amit Kumar Julaiba Tahsina Mazumder Kenza Joyen Frédéric Favier Ali Mirzaei Jin-Young Kim Monika Kwoka Mikhael Bechelany Ravindra Kumar Jha Mahesh Kumar Hyoun Woo Kim Sang Sub Kim Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Jodhpur 342030 India Department of Electronics Assam Skill University Mangaldai Assam 784125 India European Institut of Membranes (IEM) – UMR 5635 University of Montpellier ENSCM CNRS 34090 Montpellier France Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM) – UMR 5253 University of Montpellier ENSCM CNRS 34090 Montpellier France Department of Materials Science and Engineering Shiraz University of Technology Shiraz 715557-13876 Islamic Republic of Iran Customized manufacturing R&D department Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Gyeonggi-do 15014 South Korea Department of Cybernetics Nanotechnology and Data Processing Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 16 44-100 Gliwice Poland Functional Materials Group Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST) Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093 Kuwait Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering & Centre for Intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India Division of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang University Seoul 04763 South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 South Korea

Defect engineering in metal oxides presents a promising approach for tailoring material properties. This strategy enhances gas sorption, catalysis, and control over key physical characteristics such as bandgap, magnetic behavior, and electrical conductivity. Despite its potential, the role of defect engineering in advancing metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas-sensing performance remains underexplored. This review introduces defect engineering strategies, emphasizing their applications in gas sensing. Gas sensors play a vital role in environmental monitoring, industrial safety, healthcare, and in improving energy efficiency. The demand for advanced gas sensors has never been more critical, given the need for real-time, accurate, and cost-effective detection of pollutant gases. MOS-based gas sensors are widely used in air quality monitoring, industrial safety, and health diagnostics. Vacancies and defect architectures in MOS have been widely studied for their role in sensing performance, as they fundamentally influence sensor efficiency. The effectiveness of MOS sensors largely depends on the type and concentration of defects. This review introduces vacancies and defects in MOS, followed by an in-depth discussion of defect types, factors influencing defect formation, and their role in charge transport. Additionally, it examines the correlation between elemental chemical properties and defect chemistry. Special attention is given to the defect chemistry of metal oxides, including TiO 2 , ZnO, Co 3 O 4 , ZrO 2 , WO 3 , and CeO 2 . It concludes with an examination of surface engineering methods for defect control to improve gas-sensing capabilities.

关键词： Chemiresistive gas sensing Defect engineering Metal-oxide semiconductor

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Advances in Machine Learning for the Behavioral sciences

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Kliegr, Tomáš Bahník, Štěpán Fürnkranz, Johannes Department of Information and Knowledge Engineering Faculty of Informatics and Statistics University of Economics Prague Czech Republic Department of Management Faculty of Business Administration University of Economics Prague Czech Republic Computational Data Analytics Group Department of Computer Science Johannes Kepler Universität Linz Altenbergerstraße 66B Linz4040 Austria

The areas of machine learning and knowledge discovery in databases have considerably matured in recent years. In this article, we briefly review recent developments as well as classical algorithms that stood the test of time. Our goal is to provide a general introduction into different tasks such as learning from tabular data, behavioral data, or textual data, with a particular focus on actual and potential applications in behavioral sciences. The supplemental appendix to the article also provides practical guidance for using the methods by pointing the reader to proven software implementations. The focus is on R, but we also cover some libraries in other programming languages as well as systems with easy-to-use graphical interfaces. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： data mining

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A Configurable Translation-Based Cross-Lingual Ontology Mapping System to Adjust Mapping Outcome

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2018年

作者： Fu, Bo Brennan, Rob O’Sullivan, Declan Knowledge and Data Engineering Group School of Computer Science and Statistics Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Ontologies are widely considered as the building blocks of the semantic web, and with them, comes the data interoperability issue. As ontologies are not necessarily always labelled in the same natural language, one way to achieve semantic interoperability is by means of cross-lingual ontology mapping. Translation techniques are often used as an intermediate step to translate the conceptual labels within an ontology. This approach essentially removes the natural language barrier in the mapping environment and enables the application of monolingual ontology mapping tools. This paper shows that the key to this translation-based approach to cross-lingual ontology mapping lies with selecting appropriate ontology label translations in a given mapping context. Appropriateness of the translations in the context of cross-lingual ontology mapping differs from the ontology localisation point of view, as the former aims to generate correct mappings whereas the latter aims to adapt specifications of conceptualisations to target communities. This paper further demonstrates that the mapping outcome using the translation-based cross-lingual ontology mapping approach is conditioned on the translations selected for the intermediate label translation step. In particular, this paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a novel cross-lingual ontology mapping system: SOCOM++. SOCOM++ provides configurable properties that can be manipulated by a user in the process of selecting label translations in an effort to adjust the subsequent mapping outcome. It is shown through the evaluation that for the same pair of ontologies, the mappings between them can be adjusted by tuning the translations for the ontology labels. This finding is not yet shown in previous research. © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mapping

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Using mapping languages for building legal knowledge graphs from XML files?

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Junior, Ademar Crotti Orlandi, Fabrizio O’Sullivan, Declan Dirschl, Christian Reul, Quentin ADAPT Centre for Digital Content Platform Research Knowledge & Data Engineering Group School of Computer Science and Statistics Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland Wolters Kluwer Deutschland Munchen Germany Wolters Kluwer N.V. Chicago United States

This paper presents our experience on building RDF knowledge graphs for an industrial use case in the legal domain. The information contained in legal information systems are often accessed through simple keyword interfaces and presented as a simple list of hits. In order to improve search accuracy one may avail of knowledge graphs, where the semantics of the data can be made explicit. Significant research effort has been invested in the area of building knowledge graphs from semi-structured text documents, such as XML, with the prevailing approach being the use of mapping languages. In this paper, we present a semantic model for representing legal documents together with an industrial use case. We also present a set of use case requirements based on the proposed semantic model, which are used to compare and discuss the use of state-of-the-art mapping languages for building knowledge graphs for legal data. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mapping

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ENIGMA-Meditation: Worldwide Consortium for Neuroscientific Investigations of Meditation Practices

引用

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 2025年第4期10卷 425-436页

作者： Ganesan, Saampras Barrios, Fernando A. Batta, Ishaan Bauer, Clemens C.C. Braver, Todd S. Brewer, Judson A. Brown, Kirk Warren Cahn, Rael Cain, Joshua A. Calhoun, Vince D. Cao, Lei Chetelat, Gaël Ching, Christopher R.K. Creswell, J. David Dagnino, Paulina Clara Davanger, Svend Davidson, Richard J. Deco, Gustavo Dutcher, Janine M. Escrichs, Anira Eyler, Lisa T. Fani, Negar Farb, Norman A.S. Fialoke, Suruchi Fresco, David M. Garg, Rahul Garland, Eric L. Goldin, Philippe Hafeman, Danella M. Jahanshad, Neda Kang, Yoona Khalsa, Sahib S. Kirlic, Namik Lazar, Sara W. Lutz, Antoine McDermott, Timothy J. Pagnoni, Giuseppe Piguet, Camille Prakash, Ruchika S. Rahrig, Hadley Reggente, Nicco Saccaro, Luigi F. Sacchet, Matthew D. Siegle, Greg J. Tang, Yi-Yuan Thomopoulos, Sophia I. Thompson, Paul M. Torske, Alyssa Treves, Isaac N. Tripathi, Vaibhav Tsuchiyagaito, Aki Turner, Matthew D. Vago, David R. Valk, Sofie Zeidan, Fadel Zalesky, Andrew Turner, Jessica A. King, Anthony P. Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia Contemplative Studies Centre Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Systems Lab of Neuroscience Neuropsychiatry and Neuroengineering The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Neurobiolgía México Querétaro Mexico Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science: Georgia State University Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA United States Department of Psychology Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts Brain and Cognitive Science McGovern Institute for Brain Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Washington University St. Louis Missouri Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences Brown University School of Public Health Providence Rhode Island Department of Psychology Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States University of Southern California Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Los Angeles California University of Southern California Center for Mindfulness Science Los Angeles California Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies Santa Monica California Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH United States Normandie University Université de Caen Normandie INSERM U1237 Neuropresage Team Cyceron Caen France Imaging Genetics Center Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California Los Angeles California Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego California Computational Neuroscience Group Center for Brain and Cognition Department of Information and Communication Technologies Universitat Pompeu Fa

Meditation is a family of ancient and contemporary contemplative mind-body practices that can modulate psychological processes, awareness, and mental states. Over the last 40 years, clinical science has manualized meditation practices and designed various meditation interventions that have shown therapeutic efficacy for disorders including depression, pain, addiction, and anxiety. Over the past decade, neuroimaging has been used to examine the neuroscientific basis of meditation practices, effects, states, and outcomes for clinical and nonclinical populations. However, the generalizability and replicability of current neuroscientific models of meditation have not yet been established, because they are largely based on small datasets entrenched with heterogeneity along several domains of meditation (e.g., practice types, meditation experience, clinical disorder targeted), experimental design, and neuroimaging methods (e.g., preprocessing, analysis, task-based, resting-state, structural magnetic resonance imaging). These limitations have precluded a nuanced and rigorous neuroscientific phenotyping of meditation practices and their potential benefits. Here, we present ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis)–Meditation, the first worldwide collaborative consortium for neuroscientific investigations of meditation practices. ENIGMA-Meditation will enable systematic meta- and mega-analyses of globally distributed neuroimaging datasets of meditation using shared, standardized neuroimaging methods and tools to improve statistical power and generalizability. Through this powerful collaborative framework, existing neuroscientific accounts of meditation practices can be extended to generate novel and rigorous neuroscientific insights that account for multidomain heterogeneity. ENIGMA-Meditation will inform neuroscientific mechanisms that underlie therapeutic action of meditation practices on psychological and cognitive attributes, thereby advancing the f

关键词： Consortium ENIGMA Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Meditation Mindfulness Neuroimaging

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FAIR Principles:Interpretations and Implementation Considerations

引用

data Intelligence 2020年第1期2卷 10-29,293-302,322页

作者： Annika Jacobsen Ricardo de Miranda Azevedo Nick Juty Dominique Batista Simon Coles Ronald Cornet Melanie Courtot Merce Crosas Michel Dumontier Chris T.Evelo Carole Goble Giancarlo Guizzardi Karsten Kryger Hansen Ali Hasnain Kristina Hettne Jaap Heringa Rob W.W.Hooft Melanie Imming Keith G.Jeffery Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Martijn GKersloot Christine R.Kirkpatrick Tobias Kuhn Ignasi Labastida Barbara Magagna PeterMcQuilton Natalie Meyers Annalisa Montesanti Mirjam van Reisen Philippe Rocca-Serra Robert Pergl Susanna-Assunta Sansone Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Juliane Schneider George Strawn Mark Thompson Andra Waagmeester Tobias Weigel Mark D.Wilkinson Egon L.Willighagen Peter Wittenburg Marco Roos Barend Mons Erik Schultes Leiden University Medical Center Leiden2333 ZAThe Netherlands Institute of Data Science Maastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 60Maastricht 6229 ERThe Netherlands Department of Computer Science The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUK Oxford e-Research Centre Department of Engineering SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13PJUK School of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSO171BJUK Amsterdam UMC University of AmsterdamAmsterdam 1000 GGThe Netherlands European Bioinformatics Institute(EMBL-EBI) HinxtonCambridgeCB101SDUK Harvard University CambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA Department of Bioinformatics–BiGCaT NUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastricht 6229 ERThe Netherlands Conceptual and Cognitive Modeling Research Group(CORE) Free University of Bozen-BolzanoBolzano 39100Italy Aalborg University Aalborg DK-9220Denmark Insight Centre for Data Analytics National University of Ireland GalwayH91 TK33Ireland Centre for Digital Scholarship Leiden University LibrariesLeiden2333 ZAThe Netherlands Department of Computer Science Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 11051081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Dutch Techcentre for Life Sciences(DTL) UtrechtThe Netherlands SURF Utrecht 3511 EPThe Netherlands Keith G Jeffery Consultants FaringdonUK Castor EDC Paasheuvelweg 25Wing 5D1105 BPAmsterdamThe Netherlands San Diego Supercomputer Center University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia 92093USA Learning and Research Resources Centre(CRAI) Universitat de Barcelona08007 BarcelonaSpain Environment Agency Austria A-1090 ViennaAustria University of Notre Dame 75004 ParisFrance Health Research Board(HRB) Dublin 2DO2 H638Ireland Liacs Institute of Advanced Computer Science Leiden University2311 GJ LeidenThe Netherlands Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Information Technology(FIT CTU)16000 Prague 6Czech Republic GO FAIR International Support&Coordination Office(GFISCO) LeidenThe Netherlands Harvard Catalys

The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in *** intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital *** has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR ***,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible ***,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-*** introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR *** self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the ***,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle.

关键词： FAIR guiding principles FAIR implementation FAIR convergence FAIR communities choices and challenges

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Generating Synthetic Computed Tomography for Radiotherapy: SynthRAD2023 Challenge Report

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Huijben, Evi M.C. Terpstra, Maarten L. Galapon, Arthur Pai, Suraj Thummerer, Adrian Koopmans, Peter Afonso, Manya van Eijnatten, Maureen Gurney-Champion, Oliver Chen, Zeli Zhang, Yiwen Zheng, Kaiyi Li, Chuanpu Pang, Haowen Ye, Chuyang Wang, Runqi Song, Tao Fan, Fuxin Qiu, Jingna Huang, Yixing Ha, Juhyung Park, Jong Sung Alain-Beaudoin, Alexandra Bériault, Silvain Yu, Pengxin Guo, Hongbin Huang, Zhanyao Li, Gengwan Zhang, Xueru Fan, Yubo Liu, Han Xin, Bowen Nicolson, Aaron Zhong, Lujia Deng, Zhiwei Müller-Franzes, Gustav Khader, Firas Li, Xia Zhang, Ye Hémon, Cédric Boussot, Valentin Zhang, Zhihao Wang, Long Bai, Lu Wang, Shaobin Mus, Derk Kooiman, Bram Sargeant, Chelsea A.H. Henderson, Edward G.A. Kondo, Satoshi Kasai, Satoshi Karimzadeh, Reza Ibragimov, Bulat Helfer, Thomas Dafflon, Jessica Chen, Zijie Wang, Enpei Perko, Zoltan Maspero, Matteo Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Radiotherapy Department University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands Computational Imaging Group for MR Diagnostics & Therapy University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands Department of Radiation Oncology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands GROW School for Oncology Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht Netherlands Department of Radiation Oncology LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany Department of Radiation Oncology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands Wageningen University & Research Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen Netherlands Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Cancer Center Amsterdam Imaging and Biomarkers Amsterdam Netherlands School of Biomedical Engineering Southern Medical University Guangzhou China School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China School of Biomedical Engineering ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China Fudan University Shanghai China Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany Indiana University Bloomington United States Advanced Development Engineering Elekta Ltd Montreal Canada Infervision Medical Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing China Department of Biomedical Engineering Shantou University China Independent researchers Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville United States Australian e-Health Research Centre CSIRO HerstonQLD Australia Los AngelesCA United States University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany Center for Proton Therapy Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen Switzerland Department of Computer Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland University Rennes 1 CLCC Eugène Marquis INSERM LTSI Rennes France Subtle Medical Shanghai China MedMind Technology Co.

Radiation therapy plays a crucial role in cancer treatment, necessitating precise delivery of radiation to tumors while sparing healthy tissues over multiple days. Computed tomography (CT) is integral for treatment planning, offering electron density data crucial for accurate dose calculations. However, accurately representing patient anatomy is challenging, especially in adaptive radiotherapy, where CT is not acquired daily. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides superior soft-tissue contrast. Still, it lacks electron density information, while cone beam CT (CBCT) lacks direct electron density calibration and is mainly used for patient positioning. Adopting MRI-only or CBCT-based adaptive radiotherapy eliminates the need for CT planning but presents challenges. Synthetic CT (sCT) generation techniques aim to address these challenges by using image synthesis to bridge the gap between MRI, CBCT, and CT. The SynthRAD2023 challenge was organized to compare synthetic CT generation methods using multi-center ground truth data from 1080 patients, divided into two tasks: 1) MRI-to-CT and 2) CBCT-to-CT. The evaluation included image similarity and dose-based metrics from proton and photon plans. The challenge attracted significant participation, with 617 registrations and 22/17 valid submissions for tasks 1/2. Top-performing teams achieved high structural similarity indices (≥ 0.87/0.90) and gamma pass rates for photon (≥ 98.1%/99.0%) and proton (≥ 97.3%/97.0%) plans. However, no significant correlation was found between image similarity metrics and dose accuracy, emphasizing the need for dose evaluation when assessing the clinical applicability of sCT. SynthRAD2023 facilitated the investigation and benchmarking of sCT generation techniques, providing insights for developing MRI-only and CBCT-based adaptive radiotherapy. It showcased the growing capacity of deep learning to produce high-quality sCT, reducing reliance on conventional CT for treatment planning. © 2024, CC

关键词： Radiotherapy

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Partitioning vectors into quadruples: Worst-case analysis of a matching-based algorithm 29

Partitioning vectors into quadruples: Worst-case analysis of...

引用

29th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation, ISAAC 2018

作者： Ficker, Annette M.C. Erlebach, Thomas Mihalák, Matúš Spieksma, Frits C.R. Faculty of Economics and Business KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Informatics University of Leicester Leicester United Kingdom Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783959770941

Consider a problem where 4k given vectors need to be partitioned into k clusters of four vectors each. A cluster of four vectors is called a quad, and the cost of a quad is the sum of the component-wise maxima of the four vectors in the quad. The problem is to partition the given 4k vectors into k quads with minimum total cost. We analyze a straightforward matching-based algorithm and prove that this algorithm is a23 -approximation algorithm for this problem. We further analyze the performance of this algorithm on a hierarchy of special cases of the problem and prove that, in one particular case, the algorithm is a54 -approximation algorithm. Our analysis is tight in all cases except one. © Annette M. C. Ficker, Thomas Erlebach, Matúš Mihalák, and Frits C. R. Spieksma;licensed under Creative Commons License CC-BY

关键词： Approximation algorithms

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BigNeuron: a resource to benchmark and predict performance of algorithms for automated tracing of neurons in light microscopy datasets

引用

Nature methods 2023年第6期20卷 824-835页

作者： Linus Manubens-Gil Zhi Zhou Hanbo Chen Arvind Ramanathan Xiaoxiao Liu Yufeng Liu Alessandro Bria Todd Gillette Zongcai Ruan Jian Yang Miroslav Radojević Ting Zhao Li Cheng Lei Qu Siqi Liu Kristofer E Bouchard Lin Gu Weidong Cai Shuiwang Ji Badrinath Roysam Ching-Wei Wang Hongchuan Yu Amos Sironi Daniel Maxim Iascone Jie Zhou Erhan Bas Eduardo Conde-Sousa Paulo Aguiar Xiang Li Yujie Li Sumit Nanda Yuan Wang Leila Muresan Pascal Fua Bing Ye Hai-Yan He Jochen F Staiger Manuel Peter Daniel N Cox Michel Simonneau Marcel Oberlaender Gregory Jefferis Kei Ito Paloma Gonzalez-Bellido Jinhyun Kim Edwin Rubel Hollis T Cline Hongkui Zeng Aljoscha Nern Ann-Shyn Chiang Jianhua Yao Jane Roskams Rick Livesey Janine Stevens Tianming Liu Chinh Dang Yike Guo Ning Zhong Georgia Tourassi Sean Hill Michael Hawrylycz Christof Koch Erik Meijering Giorgio A Ascoli Hanchuan Peng Institute for Brain and Intelligence Southeast University Nanjing China. Microsoft Corporation Redmond WA USA. Tencent AI Lab Bellevue WA USA. Computing Environment and Life Sciences Directorate Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL USA. Kaya Medical Seattle WA USA. University of Cassino and Southern Lazio Cassino Italy. Center for Neural Informatics Structures and Plasticity Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study George Mason University Fairfax VA USA. Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China. Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services Beijing China. Nuctech Netherlands Rotterdam the Netherlands. Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute Ashburn VA USA. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computation and Signal Processing Anhui University Hefei China. Paige AI New York NY USA. Scientific Data Division and Biological Systems and Engineering Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley CA USA. Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience UC Berkeley Berkeley CA USA. RIKEN AIP Tokyo Japan. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST) The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. School of Computer Science University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia. Texas A&M University College Station TX USA. Cullen College of Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan. National Centre for Computer Animation Bournemouth University Poole UK. PROPHESEE Paris France. Department of Neuroscience Columbia University New York NY USA. Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute Columbia University New York NY USA. Department of Computer Science Northern Illinois Universit

BigNeuron is an open community bench-testing platform with the goal of setting open standards for accurate and fast automatic neuron tracing. We gathered a diverse set of image volumes across several species that is representative of the data obtained in many neuroscience laboratories interested in neuron tracing. Here, we report generated gold standard manual annotations for a subset of the available imaging datasets and quantified tracing quality for 35 automatic tracing algorithms. The goal of generating such a hand-curated diverse dataset is to advance the development of tracing algorithms and enable generalizable benchmarking. Together with image quality features, we pooled the data in an interactive web application that enables users and developers to perform principal component analysis, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, correlation and clustering, visualization of imaging and tracing data, and benchmarking of automatic tracing algorithms in user-defined data subsets. The image quality metrics explain most of the variance in the data, followed by neuromorphological features related to neuron size. We observed that diverse algorithms can provide complementary information to obtain accurate results and developed a method to iteratively combine methods and generate consensus reconstructions. The consensus trees obtained provide estimates of the neuron structure ground truth that typically outperform single algorithms in noisy datasets. However, specific algorithms may outperform the consensus tree strategy in specific imaging conditions. Finally, to aid users in predicting the most accurate automatic tracing results without manual annotations for comparison, we used support vector machine regression to predict reconstruction quality given an image volume and a set of automatic tracings.

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Exploration of Interpretability Techniques for Deep COVID-19 Classification using Chest X-ray Images

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Chatterjee, Soumick Saad, Fatima Sarasaen, Chompunuch Ghosh, Suhita Krug, Valerie Khatun, Rupali Mishra, Rahul Desai, Nirja Radeva, Petia Rose, Georg Stober, Sebastian Speck, Oliver Nürnberger, Andreas Data and Knowledge Engineering Group Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Faculty of Computer Science Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Genomics Research Centre Human Technopole Italy Institute for Medical Engineering Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Research Campus STIMULATE Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Artificial Intelligence Lab Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain Translational Radiobiology Department of Radiation Oncology Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany Apollo Hospitals Bilaspur India HCG Cancer Centre Vadodara India Computer Vision Centre Cerdanyola Barcelona Spain Centre for Behavioural Brain Sciences Magdeburg Germany German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases Magdeburg Germany

The outbreak of COVID-19 has shocked the entire world with its fairly rapid spread and has challenged different sectors. One of the most effective ways to limit its spread is the early and accurate diagnosing infected patients. Medical imaging, such as X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT), combined with the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI), plays an essential role in supporting medical personnel in the diagnosis process. Thus, in this article five different deep learning models (ResNet18, ResNet34, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2 and DenseNet161) and their ensemble, using majority voting have been used to classify COVID-19, pneumoniæ and healthy subjects using chest X-ray images. Multilabel classification was performed to predict multiple pathologies for each patient, if present. Firstly, the interpretability of each of the networks was thoroughly studied using local interpretability methods - occlusion, saliency, input X gradient, guided backpropagation, integrated gradients, and DeepLIFT, and using a global technique - neuron activation profiles. The mean Micro-F1 score of the models for COVID-19 classifications ranges from 0.66 to 0.875, and is 0.89 for the ensemble of the network models. The qualitative results showed that the ResNets were the most interpretable models. This research demonstrates the importance of using interpretability methods to compare different models before making a decision regarding the best performing model. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19

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