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Combating deepfakes: a comprehensive multilayer deepfake video detection framework

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第38期83卷 85619-85636页

作者： Rathoure, Nikhil Pateriya, R.K. Bharot, Nitesh P., Verma Department of Computer Science and Engineering Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Mata Mandir Bhopal462003 India Data Science Institute University of Galway University road GalwayH91TK33 Ireland Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering University of Limerick Castletroy LimerickV94 T9PX Ireland

Deepfakes represent a class of synthetic media crafted with the aid of advanced deep learning techniques that exhibit an unparalleled degree of authenticity. The rapid advancement in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of deepfakes on the internet, consequently amplifying the spread of misinformation among the public. Consequently, the detection of deepfakes has become a pressing concern. In this context, we put forth a comprehensive framework for deepfake video detection, which is built upon three distinct layers. The first layer, termed as the RGB features extraction layer, is designed to identify potential signs of forgery within the spatial domain of analogous video frames. The second layer, known as the GAN features extraction layer, focuses on the extraction of forgery fingerprints in the high-frequency region. This layer is specifically engineered to detect the fingerprints left by the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) process in fake videos and the traces of the imaging process in genuine videos. The third and final layer, referred to as the facial region intra-frame inconsistency feature extraction layer, is dedicated to uncovering the anomalies associated with the manipulation process. This is achieved by extracting features from both the inner and outer regions of the manipulated portion of a frame. The extensive experimental evaluations have underscored the superior performance of proposed approach in comparison to existing state-of-the-art methods. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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A Survey on Evolutionary Computation Based Drug Discovery

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IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 2024年第3期29卷 1-1页

作者： Yu, Qiyuan Lin, Qiuzhen Ji, Junkai Zhou, Wei He, Shan Zhu, Zexuan Tan, Kay Chen College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China School of Computer Science University of Birmingham Bir-mingham UK Department of Computing The Hong Kong Poly-technic University Hong Kong Hong Kong

Drug discovery is an expensive and risky process. To combat the challenges in drug discovery, an increasing number of researchers and pharmaceutical companies recognize the benefits of utilizing computational techniques. Evolutionary computation (EC) offers promise as most drug discovery problems are essentially complex optimization problems beyond conventional optimization algorithms. EC methods have been widely applied to solve these complex optimization problems especially in lead com-pound generation and molecular virtual evaluation, substantially speeding up the process of drug discovery and development. This article presents a comprehensive survey of EC-based drug discovery methods. Particularly, a new taxonomy of the methods is provided and the advantages and limitations of the methods are reviewed. In addition, the potential future directions of EC-based drug discovery are discussed and the publicly available resources including databases and computational tools are compiled for the convenience of researchers seeking to pursue this field. IEEE

关键词： Lead compounds

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Advancements in Environmental data Analysis for Climate-Resilient Agriculture Using Remote Sensing and Deep Learning

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Remote Sensing in Earth Systems sciences 2024年第4期7卷 670-680页

作者： Nirmal, Khyati R. Reddy, Chilukala Mahender P, Jose Tulasi, Rajesh Maheswari, G. Uma Sapthami, I. SNJB’S Late Sau KBJ CoE Maharashtra Nashik India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science GITAM Deemed to Be University Hyderabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & amp D Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Avadi India Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation A.P Vaddeswaram Guntur Dist. India Department of Computer Science and Engineering RMK College of Engineering and Technology Chennai Pudhuvoyal India Department of Computer Science and Engineering MLR Institute of Technology Hyderabad India

Weather significantly influences agricultural productivity. Plant biotic and abiotic stressors are primarily induced by climate change, resulting in a detrimental effect on worldwide agricultural productivity. These two components are closely interconnected. This paper presents an innovative approach in smart agriculture for climate change combining remote sensing and a deep learning algorithm. The input is obtained as a multispectral environmental image and then subjected to noise reduction and normalisation processing. The image has been retrieved using a primary convolutional component with a stacked encoder model. The retrieved features are identified using ResNet graph reinforcement neural networks. The resulting classification output displays environmental imagery depicting climate variations. The agriculture sector has been analysed based on the classified climate analysis. The experimental results have been conducted on diverse farm datasets related to climate change, evaluating the detection accuracy, recall, mean average precision, normalized correlation, and F-1 score. The proposed method achieved a detection accuracy of 98%, a normalised correlation of 95%, a mean average precision of 92%, a recall of 97%, and an F-MEASURE of 94%. Machine learning can assist in monitoring and predicting the impact of climate change on food security, as indicated by the findings. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Climate change Deep learning model Remote sensing Smart agriculture Stacked encoder model

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Hyper parameter Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm for Extracting Social Determinants of Health Text

Hyper parameter Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm for Ext...

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17th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2024

作者： Martin Kollapally, Navya Geller, James Department of Computer Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark United States Department of Data Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark United States

Clinical factors account only for a small portion, about 10-30%, of the controllable factors that affect an individual's health outcomes. The remaining factors include where a person was born and raised, where he/she pursued their education, what their work and family environment is like, etc. These factors are collectively referred to as Social Determinants of Health (SDoH). Our research focuses on extracting sentences from clinical notes, using an SDoH ontology (called SOHO) to provide appropriate concepts. We utilize recent advancements in Deep Learning to optimize the hyper parameters of a Clinical BioBERT model for SDoHtext. A genetic algorithm-based hyper parameter tuning regimen improved with principles of simulated annealing was implemented to identify optimal hyper parameter settings. To implement a complete classifier, we pipelined Clinical Bio BERT with two subsequent linear layers and two dropout layers. The output predicts whether a text fragment describes an SDoH issue of the patient. The proposed model is compared with an existing optimization framework for both accuracy of identifying optimal parameters and execution time. © 2024 by SCITEPRESS – science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Electronic health record

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Multivariate Time-Series Deep Learning for Joint Prediction of Temperature and Relative Humidity in a Closed Space 8

Multivariate Time-Series Deep Learning for Joint Prediction ...

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8th International Conference on computer science and Computational Intelligence, ICCSCI 2023

作者： Gunawan, Fergianto E. Budiman, Arief S. Pardamean, Bens Juana, Endang Romeli, Sugiarto Cenggoro, Tjeng W. Purwandari, Kartika Hidayat, Alam A. Redi, Anak A.N.P. Asrol, Muhammad Industrial Engineering Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Industrial Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Program Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Industrial Technology Universitas Trisakti Jakarta11440 Indonesia PT Impack Pratama Industri Jakarta14350 Indonesia Computer Science Department School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Mathematics Department School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia

An accurate predictive model of temperature and humidity plays a vital role in many industrial processes that utilize a closed space such as in agriculture and building management. With the exceptional performance of deep learning on time-series data, developing a predictive temperature and humidity model with deep learning is propitious. In this study, we demonstrated that deep learning models with multivariate time-series data produce remarkable performance for temperature and relative humidity prediction in a closed space. In detail, all deep learning models that we developed in this study achieve almost perfect performance with an R value over 0.99. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： closed space deep learning humity prediction indoor temperature prediction

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Artificial Vision - Yolov8 Algorithm for Objects and Impediments Detection 2

Artificial Vision - Yolov8 Algorithm for Objects and Impedim...

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2nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Research in Computational science, ICERCS 2024

作者： Lakshmi, S. Jothi Sasirekha, S.P. Mekala, N. Reshma, R. Nair, V. Indu Bhagya, S.G. Nehru Institute of Technology Department of Information Technology Coimbatore India Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Department of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore India Coimbatore India SNS College of Engineering Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Coimbatore India Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Davangere India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534950

This paper presents an object detection method using YOLO technique (You Only Look Once) based deep learning algorithm to help visually impaired people in their daily life. A Cobotic Spectacle is a cutting-edge product designed specifically for visually impaired individuals. The system seamlessly integrates face motion recognition, object identification and text detection functionalities using YOLO Algorithm. The real time object detection method uses YOLO and convolution neural networks (CNN) for single forward propagation from end to end. The proposed system utilizes YOLOv8, a state-of-the-art real-time object detection algorithm, which is trained on the Common Object in Context (COCO) dataset to accurately identify objects in front of a person. With a high degree of accuracy, the system then conveys the identified object information through a synthesized voice output, thereby enhancing visual perception and providing an immersive *** face motion recognition module promotes improved social interaction, while object identification increases environmental awareness. This integrated solution combines edge processing and cloud-based analysis for portability, real-time processing, and computational efficiency. A Cobotic Spectacle empowers visually impaired individuals, providing a state-of-the-art smart spectacle system that enhances visual perception, promotes independence, and improves their overall quality of life. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Survey of Online Exam Proctoring Model to Detect Cheating Behavior based on Face Recognition 8

Survey of Online Exam Proctoring Model to Detect Cheating Be...

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8th International Conference on Systems and Informatics, ICSAI 2022

作者： Rabiha, Sucianna Ghadati Kartowisastro, Iman Herwidiana Setiawan, Reina Budiharto, Widodo Bina Nusantara University Binus Graduate Program - Computer Science. Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University Faculty of Engineering Computer Science Department Binus Graduate Program - Computer Science Computer Engineering Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University School of Computer Science Computer Science Department Binus Graduate Program - Computer Science Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665474481

Exams are an important component of any educational program, including online education. In any test, there is a possibility of cheating, so its detection and prevention is important. This study aims to conduct an in-depth study of the online exam monitoring model approach based on facial recognition used to detect cheating. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria designed, 13 selected studies were obtained. From these studies, we conducted further analysis regarding the Face Detection Method, Face Recognition Method, Initial Feature, Behavior Analysis and Evaluation Metrics used in each study so as to provide answers to research questions. the most frequently used Face detection method was Viola-Jones with a presentation of 20%, then CNN and MTCNN with a total presentation of 21%. The most widely used face recognition method in selected studies is CNN and metrics Accuracy is one of the most frequently used evaluations with a percentage of 33%. While the features that are usually used to detect cheating during online exams include facial motion and head pose which occupies the first position. The second is eye movement, then multiple faces gaze estimation and facial expression is in third place. Other features that also play a role in analyzing cheating behavior are mouth detection, facial vector, landmark location, gesture and posture. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Face recognition

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Classification Attack on IoT Devices with Machine Learning 9

Classification Attack on IoT Devices with Machine Learning

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9th IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Applications, ICCIA 2024

作者： Charoenwong, Nutcha Kosolsombat, Somkiat Ratanavilisagul, Chiabwoot College of Interdisciplinary Studies Thammasat University Data Science and Innovation Pathum Thani Thailand King Mongkut's University of Technology Faculty of Applied Science Department of Computer and Information Science North Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352214

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are small, low-power devices used for detecting and processing data remotely through the internet. These devices have increasingly been integrated into our daily lives, both in the digital and physical world. However, this interconnectedness poses risks of being targeted by malware due to limited resources and connectivity. Machine learning (ML) techniques can be used to identify and prevent malware attacks on IoT devices. In this research report, we investigate the use of ML techniques for classifying malware in IoT devices. Our research includes the implementation and evaluation of decision tree, k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and XGBoost algorithms. Our evaluation metrics include accuracy, precision, recall, and the average of precision and recall. Our method is tested using a dataset of real-world malware attacks on IoT devices, and the XGBoost algorithm achieves the highest accuracy of 98.44%, demonstrating its effectiveness in detecting and classifying malware in IoT devices. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Cybersecurity

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Prospector Heads: Generalized Feature Attribution for Large Models & data 41

Prospector Heads: Generalized Feature Attribution for Large ...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Machiraju, Gautam Derry, Alexander Desai, Arjun Guha, Neel Karimi, Amir-Hossein Zou, James Altman, Russ B. Ré, Christopher Mallick, Parag Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University United States Cartesia AI United States Department of Computer Science Stanford University United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Canada Department of Radiology Stanford University United States

Feature attribution, the ability to localize regions of the input data that are relevant for classification, is an important capability for ML models in scientific and biomedical domains. Current methods for feature attribution, which rely on "explaining" the predictions of end-to-end classifiers, suffer from imprecise feature localization and are inadequate for use with small sample sizes and high-dimensional datasets due to computational challenges. We introduce prospector heads, an efficient and interpretable alternative to explanation-based attribution methods that can be applied to any encoder and any data modality. Prospector heads generalize across modalities through experiments on sequences (text), images (pathology), and graphs (protein structures), outperforming baseline attribution methods by up to 26.3 points in mean localization AUPRC. We also demonstrate how prospector heads enable improved interpretation and discovery of class-specific patterns in input data. Through their high performance, flexibility, and generalizability, prospectors provide a framework for improving trust and transparency for ML models in complex domains. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： data assimilation

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Quantifying the Gaps Between Translation and Native Perception in Training for Multimodal, Multilingual Retrieval

Quantifying the Gaps Between Translation and Native Percepti...

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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Buettner, Kyle Kovashka, Adriana Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh United States Department of Computer Science University of Pittsburgh United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761643

There is a scarcity of multilingual vision-language models that properly account for the perceptual differences that are reflected in image captions across languages and cultures. In this work, through a multimodal, multilingual retrieval case study, we quantify the existing lack of model flexibility. We empirically show performance gaps between training on captions that come from native German perception and captions that have been either machine-translated or human-translated from English into German. To address these gaps, we further propose and evaluate caption augmentation strategies. While we achieve mean recall improvements (+1.3), gaps still remain, indicating an open area of future work for the community. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Machine translation

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