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Solving Multi-Objective Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Windows: A Decomposition-Based Multiform Optimization Approach

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2024年第2期29卷 305-324页

作者： Yiqiao Cai Zifan Lin Meiqin Cheng Peizhong Liu Ying Zhou Xiamen Key Laboratory of Data Security and Blockchain Technology College of Computer Science and TechnologyHuaqiao UniversityXiamen361021China College of Engineering Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhou362000China School of Computer Sciences Shenzhen Institute of Information TechnologyShenzhen518000China

In solving multi-objective vehicle routing problems with time windows (MOVRPTW),most existing algorithms focus on the optimization of a single problem formulation. However,little effort has been devoted to exploiting valuable knowledge from the alternate formulations of MOVRPTW for better optimization performance. Aiming at this insufficiency,this study proposes a decomposition-based multi-objective multiform evolutionary algorithm (MMFEA/D),which performs the evolutionary search on multiple alternate formulations of MOVRPTW simultaneously to complement each other. In particular,the main characteristics of MMFEA/D are three folds. First,a multiform construction (MFC) strategy is adopted to construct multiple alternate formulations,each of which is formulated by grouping several adjacent subproblems based on the decomposition of MOVRPTW. Second,a transfer reproduction (TFR) mechanism is designed to generate offspring for each formulation via transferring promising solutions from other formulations,making that the useful traits captured from different formulations can be shared and leveraged to guide the evolutionary search. Third,an adaptive local search (ALS) strategy is developed to invest search effort on different alternate formulations as per their usefulness for MOVRPTW,thus facilitating the efficient allocation of computational resources. Experimental studies have demonstrated the superior performance of MMFEA/D on the classical Solomon instances and the real-world instances.

关键词： MOVRPTW multiform optimization multiform construction knowledge transfer adaptive local search

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An improved method for small object detection in aerial images based on YOLOv8

An improved method for small object detection in aerial imag...

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2024 International Conference on computer Graphics, Artificial Intelligence, and data Processing, ICCAID 2024

作者： Ma, Liting Zhao, Junzhe Hsiang, Han-Cheng School of Data and Computer Science Xiamen Institute of Technology Xiamen China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510689275

In recent years, detecting objects in aerial images has emerged as a crucial area of study within the domain of computer vision. However, due to obstacles like the limited size of objects, dense distributions, and class imbalance in these images, traditional object detection methods often face issues like missed detections and low performance. In response to these challenges, this study introduces an enhanced YOLOv8s model designed to optimize small object detection. First, to enhance feature extraction capabilities for objects of different scales, the C2f structure within the backbone of the baseline YOLOv8s model is modified by PKI(Poly Kernel Inception)Block from PKINet, thereby strengthening its recognition capabilities across multi-scale targets. Second, to further elevate the efficiency of the neck network for detecting small targets, the MCAttention module is incorporated as part of the C2f design in the neck, leading to the enhanced C2fMCAttn module, which augments the neck network's effectiveness in modeling features from small object areas. Moreover, a 160×160 detection head is added to the detection layer, tailored to enhance the detection of small objects. The experiments were conducted on the VisDrone2019 drone aerial imagery dataset. The results indicate that the improved model outperformed the baseline YOLOv8s model. It achieved a 5.3% increase in precision, a 5% increase in recall and a 4.4% increase in mAP@50. Furthermore, the proposed model outperforms other mainstream object detection methods, exhibiting superior detection effectiveness. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Aerial photography

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Few-shot Temporal Pruning Accelerates Diffusion Models for Text Generation 30

Few-shot Temporal Pruning Accelerates Diffusion Models for T...

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Joint 30th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 14th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC-COLING 2024

作者： Li, Bocheng Gao, Zhujin Zhu, Yongxin Yin, Kun Cao, Haoyu Jiang, Deqiang Xu, Linli School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China China School of Data Science University of Science and Technology of China China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence China Tencent YouTu Lab China

ISBN: (纸本)9782493814104

Diffusion models have achieved significant success in computer vision and shown immense potential in natural language processing applications, particularly for text generation tasks. However, generating high-quality text using these models often necessitates thousands of iterations, leading to slow sampling rates. Existing acceleration methods either neglect the importance of the distribution of sampling steps, resulting in compromised performance with smaller number of iterations, or require additional training, introducing considerable computational overheads. In this paper, we present Few-shot Temporal Pruning, a novel technique designed to accelerate diffusion models for text generation without supplementary training while effectively leveraging limited data. Employing a Bayesian optimization approach, our method effectively eliminates redundant sampling steps during the sampling process, thereby enhancing the generation speed. A comprehensive evaluation of discrete and continuous diffusion models across various tasks, including machine translation, question generation, and paraphrasing, reveals that our approach achieves competitive performance even with minimal sampling steps after down to less than 1 minute of optimization, yielding a significant acceleration of up to 400x in text generation tasks. © 2024 ELRA Language Resource Association: CC BY-NC 4.0.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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A Framework of Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Large Language Model Based on Question Decomposition and Atomic Retrieval

A Framework of Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Large Language Model...

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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Li, Yading Song, Dandan Zhou, Changzhi Tian, Yuhang Wang, Hao Yang, Ziyi Zhang, Shuhao School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology China School of Cyberspace Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology China College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761681

Knowledge graphs (KGs) can provide explainable reasoning for large language models (LLMs), alleviating their hallucination problem. Knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) is a typical benchmark to evaluate the methods enhancing LLMs with KG. Previous methods on KG-enhanced LLM for KGQA either enhance LLMs with KG retrieval in a single round or perform multi-hop KG reasoning in multiple rounds with LLMs. Both of them conduct retrieving and reasoning based solely on the whole original question, without any processing to the question. To tackle this limitation, we propose a framework of KG-enhanced LLM based on question decomposition and atomic retrieval, called KELDaR. We introduce question decomposition tree as the framework for LLM reasoning. This approach extracts the implicit information of reasoning steps within complex questions, serving as a guide to facilitate atomic retrieval on KG targeting the atomic-level simple questions at leaves of the tree. Additionally, we design strategies for atomic retrieval, which extract and retrieve question-relevant KG subgraphs to assist the few-shot LLM in answering atomic-level questions. Experiments on KGQA datasets demonstrate that our framework outperforms existing reasoning-based baselines. And in a low-cost setting without additional training or fine-tuning, our framework achieves competitive or superior results compared to most existing training-based baselines. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Generalization Error Bounds for Two-stage Recommender Systems with Tree Structure 38

Generalization Error Bounds for Two-stage Recommender System...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Zhang, Jin Liu, Ze Lian, Defu Chen, Enhong School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science University of Science and Technology of China China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence Anhui Hefei China

Two-stage recommender systems play a crucial role in efficiently identifying relevant items and personalizing recommendations from a vast array of options. This paper, based on an error decomposition framework, analyzes the generalization error for two-stage recommender systems with a tree structure, which consist of an efficient tree-based retriever and a more precise yet time-consuming ranker. We use the Rademacher complexity to establish the generalization upper bound for various tree-based retrievers using beam search, as well as for different ranker models under a shifted training distribution. Both theoretical insights and practical experiments on real-world datasets indicate that increasing the branches in tree-based retrievers and harmonizing distributions across stages can enhance the generalization performance of two-stage recommender systems. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Confidentiality. Integrity, and Availability (CIA) Approach for Private dataset Management System Design 9

Confidentiality. Integrity, and Availability (CIA) Approach ...

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9th International Conference on Information Technology and Digital Applications, ICITDA 2024

作者： Isnan, Mahmud Elwirehardja, Gregorius Natanael Ariansyah, Dedy Rahutomo, Reza Pardamean, Bens School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia School of Information Systems Bina Nusantara University Information Systems Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Binus Graduate Program Bina Nusantara University Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510732

dataset management systems are essential for assisting research and development (R&D) organizations in applying data governance protocols, especially in managing the utilization of datasets. In R&D, datasets are vital sources for producing analysis, machine learning prediction, and supporting decision-making. As such, it is important to deploy dataset management systems with considerations regarding the aspects of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) which is a design principle that emphasized information protection and collaboration facilitation among dataset users. The study proposed an analysis and a design for a dataset management system that takes CIA aspects into account. In the future, the proposed design will be utilized as a benchmark for building a dataset management system. In this study, the Waterfall method was adopted. A use case diagram, an ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram), and an activity diagram were constructed in the design stage. In the project implementation stage, the Laravel framework including Laravel Jetstream was considered to be used. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： data integrity

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See Detail Say Clear: Towards Brain CT Report Generation via Pathological Clue-driven Representation Learning

See Detail Say Clear: Towards Brain CT Report Generation via...

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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Zheng, Chengxin Ji, Junzhong Shi, Yanzhao Zhang, Xiaodan Qu, Liangqiong College of Computer Science Beijing University of Technology Beijing China Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science School of Computing and Data Science The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761681

Brain CT report generation is significant to aid physicians in diagnosing cranial diseases. Recent studies concentrate on handling the consistency between visual and textual pathological features to improve the coherence of report. However, there exist some challenges: 1) Redundant visual representing: Massive irrelevant areas in 3D scans distract models from representing salient visual contexts. 2) Shifted semantic representing: Limited medical corpus causes difficulties for models to transfer the learned textual representations to generative layers. This study introduces a Pathological Clue-driven Representation Learning (PCRL) model to build cross-modal representations based on pathological clues and naturally adapt them for accurate report generation. Specifically, we construct pathological clues from perspectives of segmented regions, pathological entities, and report themes, to fully grasp visual pathological patterns and learn cross-modal feature representations. To adapt the representations for the text generation task, we bridge the gap between representation learning and report generation by using a unified large language model (LLM) with task-tailored instructions. These crafted instructions enable the LLM to be flexibly fine-tuned across tasks and smoothly transfer the semantic representation for report generation. Experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms previous methods and achieves SoTA performance. Our code is available at https://***/ChaunceyJheng/PCRL-MRG. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Semantics

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Automated heart disease prediction using improved explainable learning-based technique

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第26期36卷 16289-16318页

作者： Bizimana, Pierre Claver Zhang, Zuping Hounye, Alphonse Houssou Asim, Muhammad Hammad, Mohamed El-Latif, Ahmed A. Abd School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha410083 China School of Mathematics and Statistics Central South University Changsha410008 China EIAS Data Science Lab College of Computer and Information Sciences and Center of Excellence in Quantum and Intelligent Computing Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia School of Computer Science and Technology Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science Menoufia University Shebin El-Koom Egypt Information Technology Department Faculty of Computers and Information Menoufia University Shebin El-Koom Egypt

Heart disease (HD) stands as a major global health challenge, being a predominant cause of death and demanding intricate and costly detection methods. The widespread impact of heart failure, contributing to increased rates of morbidity and mortality, underscores the urgency for accurate and timely prediction and diagnosis. This is crucial for effective prevention, early detection, and treatment, thereby reducing the threat to individual health. However, the early and precise prediction of HD remains a significant challenge. The complexity of medical data poses a considerable challenge for healthcare professionals, who are required to interpret and utilize this information swiftly for effective intervention. Addressing this gap, our study introduces a novel Improved Explainable Learning-Based Technique (IELBT) for HD prediction. This technique harnesses a strategic combination of feature selection, Venn diagrams, data normalization methods, optimized parameters, and machine learning algorithms, specifically tailored for predicting HD. We evaluated the performance of our model using the Alizadeh Sani HD dataset, aiming to accurately detect the presence or absence of the condition. Our results demonstrate that the IELBT, employing a support vector machine with a robust scaling approach, optimal parameterization, and a data split ratio of 70:30, achieves an impressive accuracy rate of 96.00%. Beyond achieving high accuracy, the IELBT outperforms similar models in existing literature and provides significant interpretability and explanation, essential elements in the field of medical diagnosis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Forecasting

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Simple models are all you need: Ensembling stylometric, part-of-speech, and information-theoretic models for the ALTA 2024 Shared Task 22nd

Simple models are all you need: Ensembling stylometric, part...

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22nd Annual Workshop of the Australasian Language Technology Association, ALTA 2024

作者： Thomas, Joel Hoang, Gia Bao Mitchell, Lewis School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences Adelaide Data Science Centre The University of Adelaide SA5005 Australia

The ALTA 2024 shared task concerned automated detection of AI-generated text. Large language models (LLM) were used to generate hybrid documents, where individual sentences were authored by either humans or a state-of-the-art LLM. Rather than rely on similarly computationally expensive tools like transformer-based methods, we decided to approach this task using only an ensemble of lightweight "traditional" methods that could be trained on a standard desktop machine. Our approach used models based on word counts, stylometric features, readability metrics, part-of-speech tagging, and an information-theoretic entropy estimator to predict authorship. These models, combined with a simple weighting scheme, performed well on a held-out test set, achieving an accuracy of 0.855 and a kappa score of 0.695. Our results show that relatively simple, interpretable models can perform effectively at tasks like authorship prediction, even on short texts, which is important for democratisation of AI as well as future applications in edge computing. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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LLM2Vec Sentence Embeddings Analysis in Sentiment Classification

LLM2Vec Sentence Embeddings Analysis in Sentiment Classifica...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on data and Software Engineering, ICoDSE 2024

作者： Henry, Matthew Martianus Heryanto, Nur Adhianti Isnan, Mahmud Kurnianingrum, Dian Ratnapuri, Chyntia Ika Pardamean, Bens Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Computer Science Department School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Entrepreneurship Department Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506407

Sentiment analysis is crucial method in business intelligence to extract insights, which typically begin with sentiment classification. One of the latest frameworks for generating sentence embeddings for sentiment classification is LLM2Vec, which allows Transformer decoder-based models to generate sentence embeddings for text representation. Its capability is deemed language-agnostic, which, in this study, the framework is leveraged for Tokopedia tweet sentiment analysis to prove the claim. The base decoder models used in the LLM2Vec framework were Llama 3 8B, Llama 2 7B, Sheared Llama 1.3B, and Mistral 7B. Two BERT-based models, which are the Indonesian SBERT model and IndoBERT trained with the SimCSE approach, were employed as a comparison. The generated embeddings were classified using logistic regression, SVM, and MLP Classifier. Classifiers using embedding generated by LLM2Vec with Llama 3 8B and Mistral 7B achieves on-par performance with classifiers that utilize IndoBERT SimCSE embeddings, while classifiers using embeddings generated by LLM2Vec with Llama 2 7B and Sheared Llama 1.3B achieves much lower performance. Classifiers with Indonesian SBERT embeddings achieve the highest F1 score performance. Despite slightly lower performance, this study has proven the language-agnostic capability of LLM2Vec, especially with Llama 3 8B and Mistral 7B in colloquial Bahasa Indonesia sentiment analysis, since none of the base decoders were ever trained using the Bahasa Indonesia corpus. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Decoding

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