The potential use of rudders as anti-roll devices has long been recognized. However, the possible interference of this secondary function of the rudder with its primary role as the steering mechanism has prevented, fo...
The potential use of rudders as anti-roll devices has long been recognized. However, the possible interference of this secondary function of the rudder with its primary role as the steering mechanism has prevented, for many years, the development of practical rudder roll stabilizers. The practical feasibility of rudder roll stabilization has, however, in recent years been demonstrated by two systems designed and developed for operational evaluation aboard two different U.S. C oast G uard Cutters, i.e., Jarvis and Mellon of the 3,000-ton, 378-foot HAMILTON Class. The authors describe the major components of the rudder roll stabilization (RRS) system, along with the design goals and methodology as applied to these first two prototypes. In addition, a brief history of the hardware development is provided in order to show some of the lessons learned. The near flawless performance of the prototypes over the past four years of operational use in the North Pacific is documented. Results from various sea trials and reports of the ship operators are cited and discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the costs and benefits of roll stabilization achieved using both a modern anti-roll fin system, as well as two different performance level RRS systems. The benefits of roll stabilization are demonstrated by the relative expansion in the operational envelopes of the USS OLIVER HAZARD PERRY (FFG-7) Class. The varying levels of roll stabilization suggest that the merits of fins and RRS systems are strongly dependent on mission requirements and the environment. The demonstrated performance of the reliable RRS system offers the naval ship acquisition manager a good economical stabilization system.
作者：
David H. FreyHenry E. RantingFrances M. FreyProfessor of Educational Psychology
Coordinator Professor of Educational Psychology and Coordinator of the Community Counseling Program at California State University
Hayward. He has been Assignment Editor of the P&Q Journal for the past three years. Recent study in mental health epidemiology and behavioral medicine triggered his need to explore alternative models for research and evaluation since many popular models do not adequately deal with complex phenomena. Clinical Psychologist with a background in counseling and education. Currently
he is employed in a community mental health setting where he provides traditional diagnostic and therapeutic services to patients in addition to providing special programs for adolescents and young adults including the design of mental health curricula for their parents. This article is one in a series written with David Frey regarding the taxonomic classification of counseling goals and techniques. Stanford University where her studies are concentrated in curriculum
program design and educational evaluation. Along with others at Stanford's School of Education she is carefully analyzing modes of educational inquiry especially qualitative evaluation. Her background in the visual arts philosophy of science and school psychology serve her well in the search for data that more clearly illuminate social science phenomena.
作者：
Kathleen Musante DeWaltKathleen DeWalt is a fourth year graduate student in the Dept of Biocultural Anthropology
Connecticut-Storrs and in the Social Sciences and Health Services Training Program in the Dept of Community Medicine and Health Care at the U Conn Health Center Farmington. She received her B.A. in 1971 and her M.A. in 1976 both in Anthropology from Connecticut. The work on which this paper is based was carried out in a village in the municipio of Temascalcingo between January and December 1973
about 11 months in all. She had first worked in the Temascalcingo area in summer 1970 supported by a National Science Foundation undergraduate research grant. In 1971 she began her graduate study in the Dept of Anthropology at Connecticut but decided to discontinue her studies at that time in order to be with her husband while he carried out his Ph.D. dissertation research on agricultural modernization in Mexico. During this period however Ms. DeWalt was able to carry out a preliminary study of her own which focused on medical behavior and diet. When she returned from the field she resumed her studies by entering the Social Sciences and Health Services Doctoral Training Program located in the Dept of Community Medicine at the U of Connecticut Health Center. Ms. DeWalt has just completed her Ph.D. qualifying examinations at Connecticut
and plans to begin work on her dissertation shortly. Her dissertation will focus on the effects of economic diversification on diet and nutrition in the Temascalcingo area. While the research carried out thus far will serve as background and provide baseline data she expects to spend an additional 4–6 months in the field in 1977.
In clinical artificial intelligence (AI), graph representation learning, mainly through graph neural networks and graph transformer architectures, stands out for its capability to capture intricate relationships and s...
In clinical artificial intelligence (AI), graph representation learning, mainly through graph neural networks and graph transformer architectures, stands out for its capability to capture intricate relationships and structures within clinical datasets. With diverse data—from patient records to imaging—graph AI models process data holistically by viewing modalities and entities within them as nodes interconnected by their relationships. Graph AI facilitates model transfer across clinical tasks, enabling models to generalize across patient populations without additional parameters and with minimal to no retraining. However, the importance of human-centered design and model interpretability in clinical decision-making cannot be overstated. Since graph AI models capture information through localized neural transformations defined on relational datasets, they offer both an opportunity and a challenge in elucidating model rationale. Knowledge graphs can enhance interpretability by aligning model-driven insights with medical knowledge. Emerging graph AI models integrate diverse data modalities through pretraining, facilitate interactive feedback loops, and foster human–AI collaboration, paving the way toward clinically meaningful predictions.
作者：
ROBERTSON, JAKANG, BTRAMIREZPAZ, FWERKHOVEN, CHOHLROGGE, AJCurrent addresses: J. A. Robertson
Department of Soil Science University of Alberta Edmonton Canada B. T. Kang
Faculty of Agriculture University of Indonesion Bogar Indonesia F. Ramirez-Paz
C.I.A.N.O. C. Obregon Sonora Mexico C. H. E. Werkhoven
Agronomy Department University of California Davis California and A. J. Ohlrogge
Professor of Agronomy Purdue University Lafayette Indiana. The authors are indebted to the following persons for contributions to this study: Wended Osborne formerly an undergraduate student in Agronomy at Purdue University for the preliminary studies with methylene blue and Ad van Egeraat
a special student from Holland on a 6-month program in the Department of Agronomy Purdue University for collection of much of the 1962 data and for contributions to their interpretation.
The influence on P uptake of area of roots in the fertilized soil and the rate of fertilization was investigated using aerial brace roots of maize. Either 1 or 2 brace roots were directed into soil containing 0.62 or ...
The influence on P uptake of area of roots in the fertilized soil and the rate of fertilization was investigated using aerial brace roots of maize. Either 1 or 2 brace roots were directed into soil containing 0.62 or 3.10 g of P labeled with P32. The radioactivity of the tip and/or basal portions of all leaves was measured by wrapping one thickness of leaf around a long G-M tube. The distribution of P32 in several leaves was mapped with an end window G-M tube. The P32 accumulation measured by the in-situ technique was highly correlated with that of the standard briquet method. Phosphorus uptake varied with the rate of fertilization and the number of fed brace roots. The proportion of total P derived from the fertilizer ranged from 1-37%. The P32 distribution in the leaves depended upon their position relative to the fertilized brace roots. The leaves on the brace root side had higher P32 activity in their tip portions than in their basal portions. This distribution is explained by limited connections between vascular bundles of the stem and the diverging of the leaf veins from the midrib.
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