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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian E. Lasher, Dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, Emilie R. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E.S. Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed Rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Dadras, Omid Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargahi, Abdollah Debela, Sisay Abebe Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Desye, Belay Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diao, Nancy Doan, Linh Phuong Dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshmangir, Leila Dube, John Eini, Ebrahim El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enyew, Daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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Digital is the New Blood: Enabling the Present and the Future

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Alzheimer's & Dementia 2023年第S21期19卷

作者： Rhoda Au Zachary T Popp Spencer Low Phillip H Hwang Ileana De Anda-Duran Stephanie Li Salman Rahman Huitong Ding Akwaugo Igwe Cody Karjadi Ting Fang Alvin Ang Sherral A. Devine Ashita S Gurnani Jesse B. Mez Lindsay A. Farrer Preeti Sunderaraman Honghuang Lin Vijaya B. Kolachalama Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA Framingham Heart Study Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative Philadelphia PA USA Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Department of Neurology Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Framingham Heart Study Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Boston University School of Public Heatlh Boston MA USA Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans LA USA Slone Epidemiology Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Framigham Heart Study - Boston University Framingham MA USA Boston University Bioinformatics Program Boston MA USA Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) Neurology Ophthalmology Biostatistics and Epidemiology Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health Boston MA USA Department of Neurology - Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA Framingham Heart Study/Boston University BOSTON MA USA Hariri Institute for Computing and Computational Science & Engineering Boston University Boston MA USA College of Arts & Sciences Boston University Boston MA USA Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences Boston University Boston MA USA Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA

Background Digital is the new blood, where collection, use, and storage of raw digital data streams enabled by technology-embedded sensors are replacing analog methods. Analyses of digital data extend beyond current applications, analogous to previously stored blood currently be used for omics/biomarker research. Today digital technologies are used to measure Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related clinical symptoms (e.g., cognition, function, and behavior), but future possibilities remain to be determined. Importantly, digital data collection can go beyond current intermittent sampling by employing internet-connected applications and devices that allow real-time monitoring and accurate detection of changes, even within a widely heterogeneous spectrum. Method Beginning in 2005, the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) began digitally recording participants’ spoken responses to neuropsychological (NP) test questions, and in 2011 extended to a digital pen to record written responses. The emergence of wearable devices and smartphone applications has led to an expanded use of digital technologies beyond recordings during NP assessments. The Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (BU ADRC) leverages digital sensors in multiple internet-connected devices that longitudinally collect digital data, in both in-person and remote settings. Result The first publication involving FHS digital data was in 2016; the remaining (n> 17) have been from 2020-current. Digital data measuring cognition, function and behavior are being collected through the BU ADRC, where results to date indicate nearly 100% and 75% uptake of active and passive engagement applications, respectively, and 95% uptake for wearable devices (n = 60). Longitudinal assessments include > 3 months for ∼50 participants; > 1 year for n∼21 participants. Conclusion Opportunities for improved trial outcome measurement are evident in the broad range of outcomes digital sensors capture beyond traditional research methodologi

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Topology Maps and Distance-Free Localization from Partial Virtual Coordinates for IoT Networks

Topology Maps and Distance-Free Localization from Partial Vi...

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Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks Symposium

作者： Anura P. Jayasumana Randy Paffenroth Sridhar Ramasamy Electrical & Computer Engineering Colorado State University Mathematical Sciences Data Science Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute

ISBN: (纸本)9781479966653

While physical coordinates are useful for IoT and sensor network operations, physical localization is not a viable option for large-scale networks of simple devices in complex or harsh environments. Topology Preserving Maps (TPM) extracted from anchor-based Virtual Coordinates (VCs) are an attractive localization free alternative for physical maps. We present an approach, based on the theory of low-rank matrix completion, to extract TPMs with only partial information about VCs. Evaluation using 2D and 3D networks with random anchors shows that accurate TPMs can be obtained even when up to 40% to 60% of random coordinates are missing. Coordinate generation and communication cost thus may be reduced significantly. TPM generation can now also be based on a different VC system as long as it characterizes each node with distances to a small set of random nodes instead of a global set of anchors.

关键词： Localization Virtual coordinates Topology preserving maps IoT Sensor networks

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Effect-specific analysis of pathogenic SNVs in human interactome: Leveraging edge-based network robustness

Effect-specific analysis of pathogenic SNVs in human interac...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Hongzhu Cui Dmitry Korkin Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA Department of Computer Science Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

Study of genetic variants in the context of molecular networks has recently gained much attention. However, many of these studies suffer from the lack of functional information about the network rewiring effect of genetic variants. After large-scale homology modeling, plus extracting native structure from PDB database, we performed structure-based prediction about the rewiring effect using our SNP-IN tool, and it covers significantly more variants than experimental characterization. The analysis result confirms the widespread perturbations in human interactome and reveals the network rewiring behavior based on edge-based network robustness concept.

关键词： Proteins Diseases Robustness Genetics databases Bioinformatics

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Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet 2020年第10258期396卷 1204-1222页

作者： Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Kaja M. Abbasi, Mohammad Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd-Allah, Foad Abdelalim, Ahmed Abdollahi, Mohammad Abdollahpour, Ibrahim Abedi, Aidin Abedi, Parisa Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Aboyans, Victor Abrams, Elissa M. Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid Abualhasan, Ahmed Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. Acebedo, Alyssa Ackerman, Ilana N. Adabi, Maryam Adair, Tim Adamu, Abdu A. Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adekanmbi, Victor Adelson, Jaimie D. Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adham, Davoud Advani, Shailesh M. Afarideh, Mohsen Afshari, Mahdi Afshin, Ashkan Agardh, Emilie E. Agarwal, Gina Agasthi, Pradyumna Agesa, Kareha M. Aghaali, Mohammad Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Agrawal, Anurag Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Alireza Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Mehdi Ahmadieh, Hamid Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Aji, Budi Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akinyemiju, Tomi Akombi, Blessing Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Samiah Alam, Tahiya Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Albertson, Samuel B. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alema, Niguse Meles Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta Alhabib, Khalid F. Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Muhammad Ali, Saqib Alicandro, Gianfranco Alijanzadeh, Mehran Alinia, Cyrus Alipour, Vahid Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alla, François Allebeck, Peter Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad Almasi, Ali Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Almasri, Nihad A. Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almulhim, Abdulaziz M. Alonso, Jordi Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alumran, Arwa Khalid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Amare, Bekalu Amini, Saeed Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Aminorroaya, Arya Amiri, Fatemeh Amit, Arianna Maever L. Amugsi, Dickson A. Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera Anbesu, Etsay Woldu Ancuceanu, Robert Anderl Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Social Determinants of Health Research Center Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Cairo University Cairo Egypt School of Pharmacy Tehran Iran The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran Iran Neuroscience Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Biostatistics Department Near East University Nicosia Cyprus Biostatistics and Health Informatics Madda Walabu University Bale Robe Ethiopia Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Department of Cardiology Dupuytren University Hospital Limoges France University of Limoges Limoges France Department of Pediatric Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Research Philippine Institute for Development Studies Quezon City Philippines Department of Healthcare Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom School of Laboratory Medicine and Science University College Hospital Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa School of Health Ardabil University of Medical Science Ardabil Iran Social Behavioral Research Branch National Institute of Health Bethesda MD United States Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC DC United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Seattle WA

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw value

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Incorporation of protein binding effects into likelihood ratio test for exome sequencing data

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BMC proceedings 2016年第SUPPL 7期10卷 275-281页

作者： Dongni Zhang Hongzhu Cui Dmitry Korkin Zheyang Wu Mathematics Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute 100 Institute Road Worcester MA 01609-2280 USA. Computer Science Department Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute 100 Institute Road Worcester MA 01609-2280 USA.

Statistical association studies are an important tool in detecting novel disease genes. However, for sequencing data, association studies confront the challenge of low power because of relatively small data sample size and rare variants. Incorporating biological information that reflects disease mechanism is likely to strengthen the association evidence of disease genes, and thus increase the power of association studies. In this paper, we annotate non-synonymous single-nucleotide variants according to protein binding sites (BSs) by using a more accurate BS prediction method. We then incorporate this information into association study through a statistical framework of likelihood ratio test (LRT) based on weighted burden score of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). The strategy is applied to Genetic Analysis Workshop 19 exome-sequencing data for detecting novel genes associated to hypotension. The SNV-weighting LRT idea is empirically verified by the simulated phenotypes (336 cases and 1607 controls), and the weights based on BS annotation are applied to the real phenotypes (394 cases and 1457 controls). Such strategy of weighting the prior information on protein functional sites is shown to be superior to the unweighted LRT and serves as a good complement to the existing association tests. Several putative genes are reported; some of them are functionally related to hypertension according to the previous evidence in the literature.

关键词： Likelihood Ratio Test Real data Analysis Burden Score data Sample Size Genomic Inflation Factor

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Worldwide Soundscapes: A Synthesis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Across Realms

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Global Ecology and Biogeography 2025年第5期34卷

作者： Kevin F. A. Darras Rodney A. Rountree Steven L. Van Wilgenburg Anna F. Cord Frederik Pitz Youfang Chen Lijun Dong Agnès Rocquencourt Camille Desjonquères Patrick Mauritz Diaz Tzu-Hao Lin Théophile Turco Louise Emmerson Tom Bradfer-Lawrence Amandine Gasc Sarah Marley Marcus Salton Laura Schillé Paul J. Wensveen Shih-Hung Wu Adriana C. Acero-Murcia Orlando Acevedo-Charry Matyáš Adam Jacopo Aguzzi Irmak Akoglu M. Clara P. Amorim Mina Anders Michel André Alexandre Antonelli Leandro Aparecido Do Nascimento Giulliana Appel Stephanie Archer Christos Astaras Andrey Atemasov Jamieson Atkinson Joël Attia Emanuel Baltag Luc Barbaro Fritjof Basan Carly Batist Julio Ernesto Baumgarten Just T. Bayle Sempere Kristen Bellisario Asaf Ben David Oded Berger-Tal Frédéric Bertucci Matthew G. Betts Iqbal S. Bhalla Thiago Bicudo Marta Bolgan Sara Bombaci Gerard Bota Martin Boullhesen Robert A. Briers Susannah Buchan Michal Budka Katie Burchard Giuseppa Buscaino Alice Calvente Marconi Campos-Cerqueira Maria Isabel Carvalho Gonçalves Maria Ceraulo Maite Cerezo-Araujo Gunnar Cerwén Adams A. Chaskda Maria Chistopolova Christopher W. Clark Kieran D. Cox Benjamin Cretois Chapin Czarnecki Luis P. da Silva Wigna da Silva Laurence H. De Clippele David de la Haye Ana Silvia de Oliveira Tissiani Devin de Zwaan M. Eugenia Degano Jessica Deichmann Joaquin del Rio Christian Devenish Ricardo Díaz-Delgado Pedro Diniz Dorgival Diógenes Oliveira-Júnior Thiago Dorigo Saskia Dröge Marina Duarte Adam Duarte Kerry Dunleavy Robert Dziak Simon Elise Hiroto Enari Haruka S. Enari Florence Erbs Britas Klemens Eriksson Pınar Ertör-Akyazi Nina C. Ferrari Luane Ferreira Abram B. Fleishman Paulo J. Fonseca Bárbara Freitas Nicholas R. Friedman Jérémy S. P. Froidevaux Svetlana Gogoleva Carolina Gonzaga José Miguel González Correa Eben Goodale Benjamin Gottesman Ingo Grass Jack Greenhalgh Jocelyn Gregoire Samuel Haché Jonas Hagge William Halliday Antonia Hammer Tara Hanf-Dressler Sylvain Haupert Samara Haver Becky Heath Daniel Hending Jose Hernandez-Blanco Dennis Higgs EFNO ECODIV INRAE Domaine des Barres Nogent-sur-Vernisson France Sustainable Agricultural Systems & Engineering Lab School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang China Chair of Computational Landscape Ecology Faculty of Environmental Sciences Dresden University of Technology Dresden Germany Biology Department University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada The Fish Listener Waguoit Massachusetts USA Terrestrial Unit Prairie Region Canadian Wildlife Service Environment & Climate Change Canada Prairie & Northern Wildlife Research Centre Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada Agro-ecological Modeling Group Faculty of Agriculture University of Bonn Bonn Germany Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory Department of Deep Sea Science Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Sanya Hainan China Institut de Systématique Évolution Biodiversité Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS LECA Grenoble France Climate Change and Biodiversity Hanns R. Neumann Stiftung Indonesia Muaradua Indonesia Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Nankang Taipei Taiwan ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory University of Saint-Etienne CRNL CNRS UMR 5292 Inserm UMR_S 1028 Saint-Etienne France Australian Antarctic Division Science Branch Department of Climate Change Energy Environment and Water Channel Highway Kingston Tasmania Australia Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling Scotland Centre for Conservation Science RSPB Edinburgh UK IMBE Aix Marseille Univ Avignon Univ CNRS IRD Aix-en-Provence France Scotland's Rural College Craibstone Estate Aberdeen UK BIOGECO INRAE University of Bordeaux Cestas France Westman Islands Research Centre University of Iceland Vestmannaeyjar Iceland Qigu Research Center Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute Nantou County Taiwan Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia

Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this gap, we created the Worldwide Soundscapes project, a collaborative network and growing database comprising metadata from 416 datasets across all realms (terrestrial, marine, freshwater and subterranean). Location Worldwide, 12,343 sites, all ecosystem types. Time Period 1991 to present. Major Taxa Studied All soniferous taxa. Methods We synthesise sampling coverage across spatial, temporal and ecological scales using metadata describing sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa and audio recording parameters. We explore global trends in biological, anthropogenic and geophysical sounds based on 168 selected recordings from 12 ecosystems across all realms. Results Terrestrial sampling is spatially denser (46 sites per million square kilometre—Mkm 2 ) than aquatic sampling (0.3 and 1.8 sites/Mkm 2 in oceans and fresh water) with only two subterranean datasets. Although diel and lunar cycles are well sampled across realms, only marine datasets (55%) comprehensively sample all seasons. Across the 12 ecosystems selected for exploring global acoustic trends, biological sounds showed contrasting diel patterns across ecosystems, declined with distance from the Equator, and were negatively correlated with anthropogenic sounds. Main Conclusions PAM can inform macroecological studies as well as global conservation and phenology syntheses, but representation can be improved by expanding terrestrial taxonomic scope, sampling coverage in the high seas and subterranean ecosystems, and spatio-temporal replication in freshwater habitats. Overall, this

关键词： ARU automated sound recorder biodiversity conservation biology ecoacoustics IUCN GET realm Passive Acoustic Monitoring phenology soundscape ecology

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Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

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eClinicalMedicine 2023年 64卷 102193-102193页

作者： Wu, Dongze Jin, Yingzhao Xing, Yuhan Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abd-Allah, Foad Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abuabara, Katrina Abyadeh, Morteza Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adeniji, Kayode Nelson Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afarideh, Mohsen Aghamiri, Shahin Agodi, Antonella Agrawal, Anurag Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Aithala, Janardhana P. Ajadi, Abdullateef Abiodun Ajami, Marjan Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa Alahdab, Fares AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alemi, Sharifullah Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Liaqat Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Almazan, Joseph Uy Almustanyir, Sami Alqahtani, Jaber S. Alqasmi, Ibrahim Altaf, Ihsan Ullah Khan Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Hany Amani, Reza Amu, Hubert Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansar, Adnan Ansariniya, Hossein Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Arefnezhad, Reza Arulappan, Judie Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Ashraf, Tahira Atata, Jamila Abdulhamid Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atlaw, Daniel Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Aujayeb, Avinash Awan, Asma Tahir Ayatollahi, Haleh Azadnajafabad, Sina Azzam, Ahmed Y. Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Bagherieh, Sara Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Berihun Bantie Barchitta, Martina Bardhan, Mainak Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn Barone-Adesi, Francesco Batra, Kavita Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Behnoush, Amir Hossein Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal Bemanalizadeh, Maryam Bensenor, Isabela M. Beyene, Kebede A. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bitaraf, Saeid Bitra, Veera R. Boloor, Archith Bora, Kaustubh Botelho, João Silva Buchbinder, Rachelle Calina, Daniela Cámera, Luis Alberto Carvalho, Andre F. Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chattu, Vijay Kumar Abebe, Endeshaw Chekol Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China Department of Medicine & Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Paediatrics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Pharmacy The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Nursing Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Orthopedic Surgery Harvard University Boston MA United States Postgraduate Medical Education Harvard University Boston MA United States Maternal Fetal Care Center Harvard University Boston MA United States Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology Harvard University Boston MA United States Division of General Internal Medicine Harvard University Boston MA United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Biotechnology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Immunology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Genetics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Functional Neuro

Background: The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Findings: In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. Interpretation: The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rh

关键词： Global burden of disease study Immune-mediated inflammatory disease Incidence Trend

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Ultrafast carrier dynamics in BiVO4: Interplay between free carriers, trapped carriers and low-frequency lattice vibrations

Ultrafast carrier dynamics in BiVO4: Interplay between free ...

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International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： Benjamin J. Dringoli Keith T. Butler Lite Zhou Binod Giri Pratap M. Rao A. Walsh Lyubov V. Titova Department of Physics Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA Department of Chemistry University of Bath UK Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467384865

BiVO 4 is a promising material for solar energy conversion applications. However, it suffers from low mobility due to strong carrier-phonon coupling, which favors formation of polarons. To elucidate carrier transport mechanisms in BiVO 4 , we apply time-resolved THz spectroscopy to probe dynamics of photexcited carriers and their coupling to lattice vibrational modes at early times (1-20 ps) after photoexcitation. We find that at high excitation fluences, trap states are saturated and a short-lived population of highly mobile residual carriers exists. At the same time, saturation of hole trap states manifests itself in changes in the low-frequency (1.92 THz) seesaw phonon mode between the Bi and VO 4 units.

关键词： Absorption Phonons Conductivity Films Lattices Chemistry Couplings

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Social badge system analysis

Social badge system analysis

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International Conference on Advances in Social Network Analysis and Mining, ASONAM

作者： Jiawei Zhang Xiangnan Kong Philip S. Yu University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA Institute for Data Science Tsinghua University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509028474

To incentivize users' participations, online social networks often provide users with various rewards for their contributions to the sites. Attracted by the rewards, users will spend more time using the network services. Specifically, in this paper, we will mainly focus on “badges reward systems”. Badges are small icons attached to users' homepages and profiles denoting their achievements. People like to accumulate badge for various reasons, which are modeled as the “badge values” in this paper. Meanwhile, to get badges, people also need to exert efforts to finish the required tasks, which will lead to certain “costs” as well. To understand users' badge achievement activities better, we will study an existing badge system launched in a real-world online social network, Foursquare, in this paper. A longer version of this paper is available at [14].

关键词： Social network services Rats Airports data mining Fires Games System analysis and design

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