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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Surendra Maharjan Wenzhao Li Shahryar Fazli Hani Sewilam Hesham El-Askary Computational and Data Sciences Graduate Program Schmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Orange CA USA Earth Systems Science and Data Solutions Lab Chapman University Orange CA USA The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt Department of Engineering Hydrology RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt

ISBN: (数字)9798350360325

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360332

Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) is crucial in meteorology and agriculture for understanding plant-environment interactions. Its application as an indicator in agricultural practices notably advances Sustainable Development Goals such as Zero Hunger (SDG 2) and Climate Action (SDG 13). This research focuses on the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity and food security in the Nile River Basin (NRB), emphasizing the role of VPD, temperature, and precipitation. Utilizing Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets from NEX-GDDP-CMIP6, the study analyzes key climatic variables that influence agricultural conditions. The study applies the Mann-Kendall test to evaluate VPD trends from 2000 to 2060 under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. The study's findings on the implications of rising VPD levels in the Nile River Basin (NRB), particularly under the SSP 5-8.5 scenario, highlight a critical challenge for the region's agricultural productivity and food security. The increased VPD, indicative of drier conditions, leads to a moisture deficit for crops, potentially reducing agricultural yields. This scenario poses a significant threat to food security, as lower crop yields can result in food shortages and higher food prices, adversely affecting vulnerable populations. The study underscores the necessity of integrating VPD insights into agricultural and water resource management strategies to uphold food security against climatic variations in support of the SDGs.

关键词： Productivity Climate change Precipitation Food security Agriculture Rivers Sustainable development

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E1 TTS: Simple and Fast Non-Autoregressive TTS

E1 TTS: Simple and Fast Non-Autoregressive TTS

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Zhijun Liu Shuai Wang Pengcheng Zhu Mengxiao Bi Haizhou Li School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen P.R. China Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen P.R. China Fuxi AI Lab NetEase Inc. Hangzhou China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

This paper introduces Easy One-Step Text-to-Speech (E1 TTS), an efficient non-autoregressive zero-shot text-to-speech system based on denoising diffusion pretraining and distribution matching distillation. The training of E1 TTS is straightforward; it does not require explicit monotonic alignment between the text and audio pairs. The inference of E1 TTS is efficient, requiring only one neural network evaluation for each utterance. Despite its sampling efficiency, E1 TTS achieves naturalness and speaker similarity comparable to various strong baseline models. Audio samples are available at ***.

关键词： Training Noise reduction Neural networks Signal processing Acoustics Text to speech Speech processing

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Facial Expression Recognition Using Multi-Block Deep CNN

Facial Expression Recognition Using Multi-Block Deep CNN

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International Conference on Circuits, Communication, Control and Computing

作者： Priyadarshini V Srinivasulu Reddy U Venkata Rami Reddy Chirra Mrudula M Suneetha M Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh India Dept. of Computer Applications Machine Learning & Data Analytics lab National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli India School of Computer Science & Engineering VIT-AP University Amaravathi India Department of CSE Malla Reddy College of Engineering Telangana India Independent Researcher Amaravati India

ISBN: (数字)9798331528539

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528546

Emotions play a crucial role in decision-making, moral judgments, and other cognitive processes. The goal of this work is to identify people's facial emotions from face images. Facial expression recognition (FER), a highly diverse field with many commonalities between classes, is a challenging problem. The capabilities of current FER systems are limited in this regard. In this work, a multi-block Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) model was proposed to identify facial expressions. Five blocks with different computational components were defined in a multi-block DCNN to extract the unique characteristics from input images. The second model (DCNN-SVM) is developed with an ensemble of SVM classifier to improve predictability and stability. The third model (DCNN-MV) is based on the majority voting with 4 classifiers SVM, KNN, Random Forest, and Decision Tree. The CK+ dataset was utilized and expanded via image data augmentation to enhance model performance and generalization. By adjusting hyperparameters, the suggested DCNN model's accuracy was investigated. The DCNN model reports an accuracy score of 97.71%. Both DCNN-SVM and DCNN-MV models achieved 97.79% accuracy. On the CK+ dataset, the proposed models demonstrated good accuracy in identifying facial expressions. When compared to existing models, the proposed model outperformed existing models in terms of accuracy.

关键词： Support vector machines Accuracy Computational modeling Face recognition Stability analysis Circuit stability Convolutional neural networks Integrated circuit modeling Thermal stability Random forests

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SPA: a graph spectral alignment perspective for domain adaptation 23

SPA: a graph spectral alignment perspective for domain adapt...

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Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Zhiqing Xiao Haobo Wang Ying Jin Lei Feng Gang Chen Fei Huang Junbo Zhao College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University and Key Lab of Intelligent Computing based Big Data of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Software Technology Zhejiang University and Key Lab of Intelligent Computing based Big Data of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University CUHK-SenseTime Joint Lab The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Alibaba Group

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) is a pivotal form in machine learning to extend the in-domain model to the distinctive target domains where the data distributions differ. Most prior works focus on capturing the inter-domain transferability but largely overlook rich intra-domain structures, which empirically results in even worse discriminability. In this work, we introduce a novel graph SPectral Alignment (SPA) framework to tackle the tradeoff. The core of our method is briefly condensed as follows: (i)-by casting the DA problem to graph primitives, SPA composes a coarse graph alignment mechanism with a novel spectral regularizer towards aligning the domain graphs in eigenspaces; (ii)-we further develop a finegrained message propagation module — upon a novel neighbor-aware self-training mechanism — in order for enhanced discriminability in the target domain. On standardized benchmarks, the extensive experiments of SPA demonstrate that its performance has surpassed the existing cutting-edge DA methods. Coupled with dense model analysis, we conclude that our approach indeed possesses superior efficacy, robustness, discriminability, and transferability. Code and data are available at: https://***/CrownX/SPA.

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HMvisor: dynamic hybrid memory management for virtual machines

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science China(Information sciences) 2021年第9期64卷 74-89页

作者： Dang YANG Haikun LIU Hai JIN Yu ZHANG National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing LabSchool of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Emerging non-volatile memory(NVM) technologies promise high density, low cost and dynamic random access memory(DRAM)-like performance, at the expense of limited write endurance and high write energy consumption. It is more practical to use NVM combining with the traditional DRAM. However, the hybrid memory management such as page migration becomes more challenging in a virtualization environment because virtual machines(VMs) are unaware of the memory heterogeneity. In this paper, we propose HMvisor, a hypervisor and VM coordinated hybrid memory management mechanism to better utilize DRAM and NVM resources. HMvisor exposes the memory heterogeneity to VMs by mapping virtual NUMA nodes to different physical NUMA nodes. We propose a lightweight and efficient page migration mechanism by decoupling page hotness tracking from page migration. HMvisor performs those operations in the hypervisor and VMs separately, without disrupting the execution of VMs. We also propose a memory resource trading policy to adjust the capacity of DRAM and NVM for each VM, with the monetary cost unchanged. We implement our prototype system based on QEMU/KVM and evaluate it with several benchmarks. Experimental results show that HMvisor can reduce 50% of write traffic to NVM with less than 5% performance overhead. Moreover, the hybrid memory adjustment scheme in HMvisor can significantly improve application performance by up to 30×.

关键词： hypervisor virtual machine non-volatile memory hybrid memory management

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Potential Transmission Choice for Internet of Things(IoT):Wireless and Batteryless Communications and Open Problems

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China Communications 2021年第2期18卷 241-249页

作者： Zhan Xu Guanjie Hu Minzheng Jia Lan Dong School of Information and Communication Engineering and with Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement&Control Technology Ministry of EducationBeijing Information Science&Technology UniversityChina Beijing Key Lab of Transportation Data Analysis and Mining School of Computer and Information TechnologyBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijingChina Department of Information Engineering Beijing Polytechnic CollegeBeijingChina

The 5th generation mobile communications aims at connecting everything and future Internet of Things(IoT)will get everything smartly *** realize it,there exist many *** key challenge is the battery problem for small devices,such as sensors or *** backscatter,also referred to as or battery-free backscatter,is a new potential technology to address this *** early and typical type of batteryless backscatter is ambient ***,batteryless backscatter utilizes environmental wireless signals to enable battery-free devices to communicate with each *** devices first harvest energy from ambient wireless signals and then backscatter these signals so as to transmit their own *** paper reviews the current studies about batteryless backscatter,including various backscatter schemes and theoretical works,and then introduces open problems for future research.

关键词： batteryless backscatter battery-free channel state information(CSI) channel estimation multiple antennas signal detection symbiotic communication

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Semi-supervised Multi-label Learning with Missing labels via Correlation Information

Semi-supervised Multi-Label Learning with Missing Labels via...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Zexian Xie Peipei Li Jinling Jiang Xindong Wu Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data (the Ministry of Education of China) Hefei University of Technology School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui China Knowledge Engineering Research Center Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou Zhejiang China

In multi-label learning, each instance is associated with a set of labels simultaneously. Most existing studies assume that the set of labels for each instance is complete. However, it is generally difficult to obtain all the relevant labels of each instance, and only a partial or even empty set of relevant labels is available, which is called semi-supervised multi-label learning with missing labels. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel framework that considers label correlations and instance correlations to recover the missing labels and utilizes a large amount of unlabeled data simultaneously to improve the classification performance. Specifically, a new supplementary label matrix is firstly obtained by learning the label correlation. Secondly, considering each class label may be decided by some specific characteristics of its own, a label-specific data representation is hence learned for each class label. Thirdly, instance correlations are utilized not only to recover the missing labels, but also to propagate the supervision information from labeled instances to unlabeled ones. In addition, a united objective function is designed to facilitate the above processing and an accelerated proximal gradient method is adopted to solve the optimization problem. Finally, extensive experimental results conducted on several benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to competing ones.

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Multi-Temporal Relationship Inference in Urban Areas

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Shuangli Zhou, Jingbo Liu, Ji Xu, Tong Chen, Enhong Xiong, Hui School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Baidu Research China Business Intelligence Lab Baidu Research China Big Data Lab Baidu Research China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence China The Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China

Finding multiple temporal relationships among locations can benefit a bunch of urban applications, such as dynamic offline advertising and smart public transport planning. While some efforts have been made on finding static relationships among locations, little attention is focused on studying time-aware location relationships. Indeed, abundant location-based human activities are time-varying and the availability of these data enables a new paradigm for understanding the dynamic relationships in a period among connective locations. To this end, we propose to study a new problem, namely multi-Temporal relationship inference among locations (Trial for short), where the major challenge is how to integrate dynamic and geographical influence under the relationship sparsity constraint. Specifically, we propose a solution to Trial with a graph learning scheme, which includes a spatially evolving graph neural network (SEENet) with two collaborative components: spatially evolving graph convolution module (SEConv) and spatially evolving self-supervised learning strategy (SE-SSL). SEConv performs the intra-time aggregation and inter-time propagation to capture the multifaceted spatially evolving contexts from the view of location message passing. In addition, SE-SSL designs time-aware self-supervised learning tasks in a global-local manner with additional evolving constraint to enhance the location representation © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Location

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Counting on AR: EEG responses to incongruent information with real-world context

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 185卷 109483-109483页

作者： Wimmer, Michael Pepicelli, Alex Volmer, Ben ElSayed, Neven Cunningham, Andrew Thomas, Bruce H. Müller-Putz, Gernot R. Veas, Eduardo E. Know Center Research GmbH Graz Austria Institute of Neural Engineering Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Wearable Computer Lab University of South Australia AdelaideSA Australia BioTechMed Graz Austria Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

Augmented Reality (AR) technologies enhance the real world by integrating contextual digital information about physical entities. However, inconsistencies between physical reality and digital augmentations, which may arise from errors in the visualized information or the user's mental context, can considerably impact user experience. This work characterizes the brain dynamics associated with processing incongruent information within an AR environment. To study these effects, we designed an interactive paradigm featuring the manipulation of a Rubik's cube serving as a physical referent. Congruent and incongruent information regarding the cube's current status was presented via symbolic (digits) and non-symbolic (graphs) stimuli, thus examining the impact of different means of data representation. The analysis of electroencephalographic signals from 19 participants revealed the presence of centro-parietal N400 and P600 components following the processing of incongruent information, with significantly increased latencies for non-symbolic stimuli. Additionally, we explored the feasibility of exploiting incongruency effects for brain-computer interfaces. Hence, we implemented decoders using linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines, and EEGNet, achieving comparable performances with all methods. Therefore, this work contributes to the design of adaptive AR systems by demonstrating that above-chance detection of incongruent information based on physiological signals is feasible. The successful decoding of incongruency-induced modulations can inform systems about the current mental state of users without making it explicit, aiming for more coherent and contextually appropriate AR interactions. © 2024

关键词： Interfaces (computer)

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Second Order Enhanced Multi-glimpse Attention in Visual Question Answering 15th

Second Order Enhanced Multi-glimpse Attention in Visual Ques...

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15th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, ACCV 2020

作者： Sun, Qiang Xie, Binghui Fu, Yanwei Academy for Engineering and Technology Fudan University Shanghai China School of Data Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing Fudan University Fudan University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030695378

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is formulated as predicting the answer given an image and question pair. A successful VQA model relies on the information from both visual and textual modalities. Previous endeavours of VQA are made on the good attention mechanism, and multi-modal fusion strategies. For example, most models, till date, are proposed to fuse the multi-modal features based on implicit neural network through cross-modal interactions. To better explore and exploit the information of different modalities, the idea of second order interactions of different modalities, which is prevalent in recommendation system, is re-purposed to VQA in efficiently and explicitly modeling the second order interaction on both the visual and textual features, learned in a shared embedding space. To implement this idea, we propose a novel Second Order enhanced Multi-glimpse Attention model (SOMA) where each glimpse denotes an attention map. SOMA adopts multi-glimpse attention to focus on different contents in the image. With projected the multi-glimpse outputs and question feature into a shared embedding space, an explicit second order feature is constructed to model the interaction on both the intra-modality and cross-modality of features. Furthermore, we advocate a semantic deformation method as data augmentation to generate more training examples in Visual Question Answering. Experimental results on VQA v2.0 and VQA-CP v2.0 have demonstrated the effectiveness of our method. Extensive ablation studies are studied to evaluate the components of the proposed model. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Embeddings

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