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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Mode switching control design with initial value compensation and its application to head positioning control on magnetic disk drives

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 1996年第1期43卷 65-73页

作者： Yamaguchi, T Shishida, K Tohyama, S Hirai, H Disk Storage Development Department Advanced Technology Research & Development Division Data Storage & Retrieval Systems Division Hitachi and Limited Kanagawa Japan Mechanical Engineering Reasearch Laboratory Hitachi and Limited Ibaraki Japan

To meet an increasing demand for high performance and large-capacity in magnetic hard disk drives, both a fast response and a precise positioning are strongly required for the head positioning control. A mode switching control (MSG) system, which includes a track seeking controller, a track following one, and a switching function, is widely used to meet this requirement. The issue for MSC is to confirm a design method of servo mode switching. This paper proposes the initial value compensation method (IVC). The IVC inputs certain initial values in the controller state variables at mode switching in order to improve the transient response after switching. There are two approaches to determine the values: 1) minimizing a linear-quadratic function of the plant state variables, and 2) cancelling the unfavorable poles of the transfer function between initial values and head position by relocating zeros. Some experimental results are shown to be effective.

关键词： Control design Control systems Magnetic heads Magnetic variables control Hard disks Design methodology Servomechanisms Transient response Transfer functions Poles and zeros

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Approximate matching for OCR-processed bibliographic data

Approximate matching for OCR-processed bibliographic data

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： A. Takasu N. Katayama M. Yamaoka O. Iwaki K. Oyama J. Adachi Research and Development Department National Center for Science and Information Systems Tokyo Japan Laboratory for Information Technology NTT DATA Communications Systems Corporation Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan

This paper presents a method for matching bibliographies in references of academic papers obtained as document images with records of bibliographic databases. The main subject of this paper is to handle the erroneous bibliographic data obtained by a document understanding methodology. The presented method can find a candidate record set from referral databases in spite of the errors of string by means of approximate matching which is performed as an exact matching of k substrings of length m chosen from the strings of bibliographic data in references and in databases. For the accuracy /spl alpha/ of the OCR, theoretical observation shows that the accuracy of the presented method is 1-(1-/spl alpha//sup m/)/sup k/ under the assumption that the OCR error occurs randomly and independently in the string. The method is applied to references of 187 Japanese articles and achieves accuracy of 94.05%.

关键词： Optical character recognition software data mining Image databases Image analysis Text analysis Character recognition Information systems Laboratories Information technology data communication

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Analysis of RISC performance in real-time system

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systems AND COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1996年第8期27卷 1-18页

作者： Sugimura, Y Member NTT Information and Communication Systems Laboratories Yokosuka Japan 238 Ynsushi Sugimura:received his B.E. degree from Kagoshima University in 1971 and joined IIT the same year. His work involved the development and performance evaluationof control programs for the TSS series and RTS series operating systems. Currently he is a Senior Research Engineer at the NlT Information and Communication Systems Laboratories and a member of the Data Processing Society.

The author has already proposed a method of analyzing the average instruction execution time for estimating the performance of CISC in a real-time system (RTS) [1]. However, in [1] there was no mention of a method of analyzing the execution time when the CPU has a cache memory and an RISC architecture. This paper presents a simulation method for solving that problem, and clarifies the relative processing power of the two architectures. The new method converts actual RTS CISC trace data in an RTS to RISC access state data and uses the data for input in simulations of cache operation, etc., to clarify the processing performance ratio between CISC and RISC in an RTS. The results clarify that the 1-level write-through cache strategy (MIPS R3000) suffers from continuous writing, the two-level write-back cache strategy (MIPS R4000) depends strongly on the speed of the secondary cache, and that the overall RTS characteristics differ from the characteristics of application programs in a time-sharing system (TSS), etc.. These techniques go beyond simply allowing the comparison of RISC and CISC performance. They also make it possible to clarify the factors of the performance characteristics of systems that include caches on the basis of an overall software model for actual RTS.

关键词： real-time system performance estimation RISC cache memory write-back write through

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A MATHEMATICAL-MODEL OF ATTRITION data

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NAVAL research LOGISTICS 1995年第4期42卷 585-607页

作者： HARTLEY, DS Center for Modeling Simulation and Gaming Martin Marietta Energy Systems Inc. Data Systems Research and Development Program Applied Technology Organization 1099 CommercePark Oak Ridge Tennessee

The Lanchester square and linear laws do not provide good models of combat attrition as evidenced in historical data. A particular homogeneous, mixed, linear-logarithmic law, however, does provide a good approximation...

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An experimental study of learning curves for statistical pattern classifiers 3

An experimental study of learning curves for statistical pat...

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3rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1995

作者： Matsunaga, T. Kida, H. Research and Development Headquarters NTT Data Communications Systems Corporation 66-2 Horikawa-cho Saiwai-ku Kawasaki-shi Kanagawa210 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0818671289

Statistical pattern classifiers are designed by population parameters of pattern distributions estimated by a set of training samples. Therefore, classification performance depends considerably on training sample size. Learning curves exhibit asymptotic behaviors where a probability of misclassification decreases as a number of training samples increases. This paper presents asymptotic behaviors of effects of training sample size and shows that learning curves for practical purpose can be obtained using available samples. © 1995 IEEE.

关键词： Population statistics

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High-density recording by two-dimensional signal processing

High-density recording by two-dimensional signal processing

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Optical data Storage 1995

作者： Maeda, T. Sugiyama, H. Saitou, A. Wakabayashi, K. Miyamoto, H. Awan, H. Optical Storage Research and Development Center Advanced Technology Research and Development Division Data Storage and Retrieval Systems Division Hitachi Ltd. 2880 Kozu Odawara-shi Kanagawa256 Japan Central Research Laboratory Hitachi Ltd. 1-280 Higashikoigakubo Kokubunji-shi Tokyo185 Japan

To make higher density on optical disk, a new recording method-two dimensional recording-which can increase the track-density rather than the linear density was proposed. The performance of this method on increasing density is estimated by the simulation and confirmed by measuring the read-out signal. Consequently, it is clarified that this method can attain more than twice the areal density independently and realize the density of 2.2Gbit/in2 which is 8 times as large as that of first generation using 680 nm laser diode. © 1995 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Equalizers

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Modeling psycho-social attributes in conflict, extended

Modeling psycho-social attributes in conflict, extended

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Simulation Winter Conference

作者： D.S. Hartley Data Systems Research and Development Simulation and Gaming Oak Ridge Federal Facilities Center of Modeling Oak Ridge TN USA

Geo-political decisions can be critical determinants of success in war and peace. These decisions are based on assumed psychological and sociological responses to the decisions by the various individuals and groups in the decision environment. For example, mental models are used in deciding whether to display our naval "presence" in a foreign port or whether a discussion on the golf course would be more effective. However, in constructing consistent policies over long periods of time that involve the conflicting interests of many countries, the complexities often overwhelm simple models. A computer implementation, combining and extending the simple models, might be useful; but its design is a hard problem. This paper presents a philosophical framework for modeling psycho-social attributes at the theater level and develops some of the necessary structure.

关键词： Psychology Hardware data systems research and development Business Cognitive science Computer displays Seminars Human factors Extrapolation

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Artificial intelligence in financial markets

Artificial intelligence in financial markets

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International Conference on Neural Networks

作者： H.G. Green M.A. Pearson Managing Director of Research and Development Market Data Systems Limited London UK Risk Manager Treasury Division Group Market Risk Royal Bank of Scotland Public Limited Company London UK

This paper is based on research applying artificial intelligence to problems of trading financial markets. The paper presents a background to various financial market trading problems of interest. A model system and strategy for developing decision support systems to trade financial markets and forecast asset price movements is then presented and discussed. The problems of interest are those where the variables are not constant in time. The time series of data representing the dynamics of price movements in financial markets are nonlinear and nonstationary. The forecasting techniques developed are applied to examples of foreign exchange trading involving the directional movement only of the four major currencies of British pound sterling, Deutschemark, Swiss franc and Japanese yen against the US dollar. Examples demonstrate the forecasting output and performance of the models as measured by profit and loss returns.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Economic forecasting Predictive models Mathematical model Financial management research and development management Risk management Decision support systems Bonding Length measurement

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ISDN LOOP EXTENSION USING A MID-SPAN AMPLIFIER

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION systems 1995年第3期8卷 219-224页

作者： ERKER, GJ DODDS, DE KRZYMIEN, WA David E. Dodds was born in Saskatoon Canada in 1945. He received the B. Eng. and MSc. degrees from the University of Saskatchewan in 1966 and 1968 respectively. He worked with Bell Northern Research (Ottawa) on PBX design in 1969 1972 and 1978. Since 1969 he has been with the University of Saskatchewan where he is currently Professor of Electrical Engineering. He teaches courses in electronics and communications and also presents short courses on the fundamentals of telephony. Current research interests are in data transmission signal processing architecture and frame synchronization for PCM and spread spectrum systems. He has been granted five patents relating to commercial products in delta-modulation telephone line interfacing and computer data transmission. In 1986 he was on sabbatical leave at BNR Inc. and worked with an ANSI committee on the standardization of FDDI-II a combined voice and data system. Mr. Dodds is a Registered Consulting Engineer in Saskatchewan. Witold A. Krzyden received his MSc. (Eng.) and Ph.D. degrees (both in Electrical Engineering) in 1970 and 1978 respectively from the Poznan Technical University in Poznan Poland. He was awarded the Minister's of Science and Technology Prize of Excellence for his Ph.D. thesis. From 1970 to 1978 he was a Research Engineer and Teaching Assistant and then from 1978 to 1980 an Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering at the Poznan Technical University. In 1980 he won a Dutch Government Research Fellowship at the Twente University of Technology in Enschede the Netherlands for the year of 1980/1981. In the following year of 1981/82 he was a Research Assistant Professor there. From 1982 to 1986 he was an Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay Ontario Canada. In 1986 he joined the Univeristy of Alberta and Alberta Telecommunications Research Centre (now Telecommunications Research Laboratories or TRLabs) as an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering. Currently he is a Professor of E

The 5.5 km range of the basic rate ISDN loop has been extended by using a negative impedance amplifier and by using a 2 wire/4 wire (2w/4w) amplifier. The negative impedance amplifier extends the range of the loop by 1.0 km, whereas the 2w/4w amplifier extends the range by 1.5 km at the expense of increased complexity. As part of the amplifer design, a resistor/capacitor network has been developed which closely matches the characteristic impedance of telephone cable. Error rate tests have been conducted using various lengths of cable and an operating ISDN line.

关键词： ISDN PHYSICAL LAYER BASIC RATE LOOP RANGE EXTENSION

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