Crop breeding has undergone numerous advancements throughout history with the next revolution being uncertain. This review provides an overview of breeding techniques from traditional selective breeding and crossbreed...
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Crop breeding has undergone numerous advancements throughout history with the next revolution being uncertain. This review provides an overview of breeding techniques from traditional selective breeding and crossbreeding to modern breeding based on molecular marker-assisted and genomic selection. Systematic analysis of the mainstream genotyping approaches based on principle, application scenario and supporting software revealed that the changes in genotyping technology have led to an explosion in data. This data expansion will drive a breakthrough in sequencing technology and integrate artificial intelligence with automation. The review also discusses the technological changes associated with breeding during the big data era, including breeding models, genotyping technologies and future intelligent breeding, to provide references for crop breeders. The paper highlights the potential of smart breeding technologies driven by advances in sequencing technology, which will lead to the development of new breeding strategies and accelerate the breeding process.
With its efficient nitrogen fixation kinetics, electrochemical lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction reaction (LMNRR) holds promise for replacing Haber–Bosch process and realizing sustainable and green ammonia producti...
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With its efficient nitrogen fixation kinetics, electrochemical lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction reaction (LMNRR) holds promise for replacing Haber–Bosch process and realizing sustainable and green ammonia production. However, the general interface problem in lithium electrochemistry seriously impedes the further enhancement of LMNRR performance. Inspired by the development history of lithium battery electrolytes, here, we extend the ring-chain solvents coupling law to LMNRR system to rationally optimize the interface during the reaction process, achieving nearly a two-fold Faradaic efficiency up to 54.78±1.60 %. Systematic theoretical simulations and experimental analysis jointly decipher that the anion-rich Li + solvation structure derived from ring tetrahydrofuran coupling with chain ether successfully suppresses the excessive passivation of electrolyte decomposition at the reaction interface, thus promoting the mass transfer of active species and enhancing the nitrogen fixation kinetics. This work offers a progressive insight into the electrolyte design of LMNRR system.
A comprehensive understanding of nervous system function requires molecular insight into the diversity and sex dimorphism of both its component cell types, glia and neurons. Here, we present a single-nuclear RNA seque...
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A comprehensive understanding of nervous system function requires molecular insight into the diversity and sex dimorphism of both its component cell types, glia and neurons. Here, we present a single-nuclear RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) census of all neuroectoderm-derived glia in the adult C. elegans nervous system, across sexes. By iteratively coupling computational modeling and custom analytics with in vivo validations, we uncovered molecular markers for all glia, as well as class-specific and pan-glial molecular signatures. These identified that each glia is functionally heterogeneous across the nervous system and variably sex dimorphic between sexes. Thus, this glial transcriptome (***) offers deep mechanistic insights into glial biology brain wide. Complementing the existing C. elegans neuronal transcriptome and mapped connectome, it also enables single-cell and molecular resolution insight into the entire nervous system of an adult metazoan.
Das Erfassen der Struktur von Zytochrom-P450-Enzymen in flagranti ist für die Entwicklung von P450-Biokatalysatoren von entscheidender Bedeutung, da die meisten der bisher erfassten Strukturen in einer präka...
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Das Erfassen der Struktur von Zytochrom-P450-Enzymen in flagranti ist für die Entwicklung von P450-Biokatalysatoren von entscheidender Bedeutung, da die meisten der bisher erfassten Strukturen in einer präkatalytischen Konformation gefangen sind. Das Herzstück der P450-Katalyse ist Verbindung I (Vbd I), ein kurzlebiges, hochreaktives Zwischenprodukt, dessen widerspenstige Art die Mehrheit der Versuche vereitelt hat, katalytisch bedeutsame Konformationen von P450 zu erfassen. Wir zeigen die Kristallstruktur von P450BM3, die den Zustand genau im Momente vor der Epoxidierung nachahmt, der mit den experimentell ermittelten Stereoselektivitäten perfekt übereinstimmt. Die Kristallisation wurde durch Bindung des stabilen Vbd-I-Analogons Oxomolybdänmesoporphyrin IX an P450BM3 in Gegenwart Styrols erreicht. Die relative Ausrichtung Styrols zur Molybdän-Sauerstoff-Spezies in den Kristallstrukturen wirft ein Licht auf die Dynamik, die an der Drehung Styrols beteiligt ist, um seine Vinylgruppe Vbd I darzubieten. Diese Methode dient als leistungsfähiges Instrument zur Vorhersage und Modellierung der Stereoselektivität von P450-Reaktionen.
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