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International Winter Workshop on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)

作者： Chaewon Lee Sunho Lee Jitka Annen Ji-Hoon Jeong Marcello Massimini Silvia Casarotto Melanie Boly Olivier Bodart Aurore Thibaut Mario Rosanova Steven Laureys Olivia Gosseries Minji Lee Dept. Data Science The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon Republic of Korea Dept. Biomedical Software Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon Republic of Korea Dept. GIGA-Research & Neurology University and University Hospital of Liege Liege Belgium Dept. Data Analysis University of Ghent Ghent Belgium Dept. Computer Science Chungbuk National University Cheongju Republic of Korea Dept. Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco” University of Milan Milan Italy Dept. Psychiatry Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness University of Wisconsin Madison USA Coma Science Group GIGA-Consciousness GIGA Research Center University of Liège Liège Belgium Centre du Cerveau Neurology department University Hospital of Liège Liège Belgium

ISBN: (数字)9798331521929

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521936

Advances in intensive care have improved the survival rate of patients with severe acute brain injury, but diagnostic errors for patients with disorders of consciousness are still high. Accurate diagnosis of these patients is very important because effective treatment can vary depending on the diagnosis. In this study, we propose a framework for classifying unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and minimally conscious state, focusing on awareness. In particular, power spectral density and common spatial patterns were used together, considering that spatial information is a key feature in consciousness. The 16 patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and 14 with minimally conscious state underwent resting-state electroencephalography measurements. In addition, we compared the performance by utilizing each frequency (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma bands) related to consciousness. As a result, the highest accuracy of 95.06% was achieved by the EEGNet classifier, especially in the beta frequency band. We demonstrated that spatial information is very important in consciousness, as we observed that classification performance improved when common spatial patterns were used. These results provide insight into various frameworks for diagnosing patients with disorders of consciousness and may help patients survive by increasing the diagnosis rate in the future.

关键词： Deep learning Accuracy Biological system modeling Pattern classification Focusing Signal processing Brain modeling Particle measurements Electroencephalography Robustness

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Novel Truncated-rank Graph-structured and Tree-guided Sparse Linear Mixed Models for Variable Selection on Genome-wide Association Studies

Novel Truncated-rank Graph-structured and Tree-guided Sparse...

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IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： Xiang Liu Xueling Liu Jing Diao Mengyao Zheng Jihe Li Yongyi Xie Kang Lai Xiao Geng Yijun Song Linshan Jiang School of Computing National University of Singapore Group Technology Office National University Health System Department of Preventive Dentistry Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University School of Software and Microelectronics Peking University Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Institute of Dermatology School of Medicine Tongji University School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Orthopaedic Department Peking University Third Hospital Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine Ministry of Education Dongfang College Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics Institute of Data Science National University of Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798350386226

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386233

Variable selection for genome-wide association studies is a key focus for bioinformatics researchers in high-performance computing. The rapid growth of biological and biomedical data demands has led to high-dimensional, heterogeneous datasets characterized by non-i.i.d. properties and numerous response variables, often resulting in false negatives or positives in recovered results. Traditional methods, when nal̈ively applied, yield suboptimal performance due to confounding factors. To account for the complex interdependencies in heterogeneous data and enhance the practical outcomes of genome-wide association studies, we introduce two methods, TGsLMM and TTsLMM, which balance effects between response and explanatory variables for subpopulation inference. Our unified framework performs sparse variable selection using graph-structured or tree-guided structures in a low-rank linear mixed model. Additionally, we extend our approach to high-dimensional datasets and adaptively select the covariance structure for genomic data. Extensive experiments on synthetic and three real-world datasets emphasize the robustness and effectiveness of our proposed methods, achieving the highest ROC area compared to baselines and superior results for future potential.

关键词： Adaptation models Input variables Biological system modeling High performance computing Noise Genomics Medical services data models Robustness Bioinformatics

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Towards Faster Fully Homomorphic Encryption Implementation with Integer and Floating-point Computing Power of GPUs

Towards Faster Fully Homomorphic Encryption Implementation w...

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International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： Guang Fan Fangyu Zheng Lipeng Wan Lili Gao Yuan Zhao Jiankuo Dong Yixuan Song Yuewu Wang Jingqiang Lin State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Data Assurance and Communication Security Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Cryptography University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Ant Group Hangzhou China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China School of Cyber Security University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computations on encrypted data without knowledge of the plaintext message and currently has been the focus of both academia and industry. However, the performance issue hinders its large-scale application, highlighting the urgent requirements of high-performance FHE *** noticing the tremendous potential of GPUs in the field of cryptographic acceleration, this paper comprehensively investigates how to convert the available computing resources residing in GPUs into FHE workhorses, and implement a full set of low-level and middle-level FHE primitives based on two arithmetic units (i.e., INT32 and FP64 units) with three types of data precision (i.e., INT32, INT64 and FP64). This paper gives a comprehensive evaluation and comparison based on each road-map. Our implementations of fundamental functions outperform the implementations on the same platform by 1.7× to 16.7×. Taking CKKS FHE schemes as a case study, our implementation of homomorphic multiplication achieves 3.2× speedup over the state-of-the-art GPU-based implementation, even considering the difference of platforms. The detailed evaluation and comparison of this paper would offer a vital reference for the follow-up work to choose appropriate underlying arithmetic units and important primitive optimizations in GPU-based FHE implementations.

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Generative Adversarial Networks for Image Super-Resolution: A Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Tian, Chunwei Zhang, Xuanyu Zhu, Qi Zhang, Bob Lin, Jerry Chun-Wei School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University the National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology 1 Dongxiang Rd Shaanxi Xi’an710129 China School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University 1 Dongxiang Rd Shaanxi Xi’an710129 China College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Jiangsu Nanjing China PAMI Research Group University of Macau 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Macao999078 China Department of Computer Science Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway

Single image super-resolution (SISR) has played an important role in the field of image processing. Recent generative adversarial networks (GANs) can achieve excellent results on low-resolution images with small samples. However, there are little literatures summarizing different GANs in SISR. In this paper, we conduct a comparative study of GANs from different perspectives. We first take a look at developments of GANs. Second, we present popular architectures for GANs in big and small samples for image applications. Then, we analyze motivations, implementations and differences of GANs based optimization methods and discriminative learning for image super-resolution in terms of supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised manners, where these GANs are analyzed via integrating different network architectures, prior knowledge, loss functions and multiple tasks. Next, we compare performance of these popular GANs on public datasets via quantitative and qualitative analysis in SISR. Finally, we highlight challenges of GANs and potential research points for SISR. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Towards automated metamorphic test identification for ocean system models

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Hiremath, Dilip Jagadeeshwarswamy Claus, Martin Hasselbring, Wilhelm Rath, Willi MarDATA - Helmholtz School for Marine Data Science GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel University Kiel Germany Software Engineering Group Computer Science Department Kiel University Kiel Germany Ocean Circulation and Climate Dynamics Department GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel University Kiel Germany Ocean Circulation and Climate Dynamics Department GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel Germany

Metamorphic testing seeks to verify software in the absence of test oracles. Our application domain is ocean system modeling, where test oracles rarely exist, but where symmetries of the simulated physical systems are known. The input data set is large owing to the requirements of the application domain. This paper presents work in progress for the automated generation of metamorphic test scenarios using machine learning. We extended our previously proposed method [1] to identify metamorphic relations with reduced computational complexity. Initially, we represent metamorphic relations as identity maps. We construct a cost function that minimizes for identifying a metamorphic relation orthogonal to previously found metamorphic relations and penalize for the identity map. A machine learning algorithm is used to identify all possible metamorphic relations minimizing the defined cost function. We propose applying dimensionality reduction techniques to identify attributes in the input which have high variance among the identified metamorphic relations. We apply mutation on these selected attributes to identify distinct metamorphic relations with reduced computational complexity. For experimental evaluation, we subject the two implementations of an ocean-modeling application to the proposed method to present the use of metamorphic relations to test the two implementations of this *** Codes J.2 © 2021, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Cost functions

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An Interdisciplinary Survey on Information Flows in Supply Chains

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Pennekamp, Jan Matzutt, Roman Klinkmüller, Christopher Bader, Lennart Serror, Martin Wagner, Eric Malik, Sidra Spib, Maria Rahn, Jessica Gürpinar, Tan Vlad, Eduard Leemans, Sander J.J. Kanhere, Salil S. Stich, Volker Wehrle, Klaus RWTH Aachen University Ahornstrasse 55 Aachen North Rhine-Westphalia 52074 Germany BPMotion 10 Gore Ave KirraweeNSW2232 Australia Cyber Analysis & Defense Fraunhofer FKIE Fraunhofer-straße 20 North Rhine-Westphalia Wachtberg53343 Germany Software Systems Research Group Data61 CSIRO Level 5/13 Garden St EveleighNSW2015 Australia Institute for Industrial Management RWTH Aachen University Campus-Boulevard 55 North Rhine-Westphalia Aachen52074 Germany Supply Chain Development and Strategy Fraunhofer IML Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 2-4 North Rhine-Westphalia Dortmund44227 Germany School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Engineering Rd SydneyNSW2052 Australia

Supply chains form the backbone of modern economies and therefore require reliable information flows. In practice, however, supply chains face severe technical challenges, especially regarding security and privacy. In this work, we consolidate studies from supply chain management, information systems, and computer science from 2010–2021 in an interdisciplinary meta-survey to make this topic holistically accessible to interdisciplinary research. In particular, we identify a significant potential for computer scientists to remedy technical challenges and improve the robustness of information flows. We subsequently present a concise information flow-focused taxonomy for supply chains before discussing future research directions to provide possible entry points. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supply chain management

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A comparison of deep learning-based techniques for solving partial differential equations

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2905卷

作者： Rabiu Bashir Yunus Nooraini Zainuddin Afza Shafie Muhammad Izzatullah Samsul Ariffin Abdul Karim Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610 Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering Bldg. 1 Desk #0202-WS023 Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Software Engineering Programme Faculty of Computing and Informatics Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia Data Technologies and Applications (DaTA) Research Group Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia

Obtaining the solutions of high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) seems to be difficult by utilizing the classical numerical methods. Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) techniques have received special attentions in solving high–dimensional problems in PDEs. In this study, our quest is to investigate some newly introduced data-driven deep learning-based approaches and compare their performance in terms of their efficiency and faster training towards high-dimensional PDEs. However, the comparison is carried out based on different activation functions, number of layers and gradient based optimizers. We consider some benchmark problems in our numerical experiments which includes Burgers equation, Diffusion-reaction equation and Allen-Cahn Equations.

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Artificial intelligence for modelling infectious disease epidemics

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Nature 2025年第8051期638卷 623-635页

作者： Kraemer, Moritz U. G. Tsui, Joseph L.-H. Chang, Serina Y. Lytras, Spyros Khurana, Mark P. Vanderslott, Samantha Bajaj, Sumali Scheidwasser, Neil Curran-Sebastian, Jacob Liam Semenova, Elizaveta Zhang, Mengyan Unwin, H. Juliette T. Watson, Oliver J. Mills, Cathal Dasgupta, Abhishek Ferretti, Luca Scarpino, Samuel V. Koua, Etien Morgan, Oliver Tegally, Houriiyah Paquet, Ulrich Moutsianas, Loukas Fraser, Christophe Ferguson, Neil M. Topol, Eric J. Duchêne, David A. Stadler, Tanja Kingori, Patricia Parker, Michael J. Dominici, Francesca Shadbolt, Nigel Suchard, Marc A. Ratmann, Oliver Flaxman, Seth Holmes, Edward C. Gomez-Rodriguez, Manuel Schölkopf, Bernhard Donnelly, Christl A. Pybus, Oliver G. Cauchemez, Simon Bhatt, Samir Pandemic Sciences Institute University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA United States UCSF UC Berkeley Joint Program in Computational Precision Health Berkeley CA United States Division of Systems Virology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Section of Epidemiology Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Oxford Vaccine Group University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Oxford United Kingdom Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom School of Mathematics University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Statistics University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Doctoral Training Centre University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Institute for Experiential AI Northeastern University MA Boston Thailand Santa Fe Institute Santa Fe NM United States World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo WHO Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence Health Emergencies Programme World Health Organization Berlin Germany Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI) School for Data Science and Computational Thinking Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) South Africa Muizenberg Cape Town South Africa Genomics England London United Kingdom Scripps Research La Jolla CA United States Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering ETH Zürich Basel Switzerland Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Lausanne Switzerland The Ethox Centre Nuffield

Infectious disease threats to individual and public health are numerous, varied and frequently unexpected. Artificial intelligence (AI) and related technologies, which are already supporting human decision making in economics, medicine and social science, have the potential to transform the scope and power of infectious disease epidemiology. Here we consider the application to infectious disease modelling of AI systems that combine machine learning, computational statistics, information retrieval and data science. We first outline how recent advances in AI can accelerate breakthroughs in answering key epidemiological questions and we discuss specific AI methods that can be applied to routinely collected infectious disease surveillance data. Second, we elaborate on the social context of AI for infectious disease epidemiology, including issues such as explainability, safety, accountability and ethics. Finally, we summarize some limitations of AI applications in this field and provide recommendations for how infectious disease epidemiology can harness most effectively current and future developments in AI. © Springer Nature Limited 2025.

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A Consensus Privacy Metrics Framework for Synthetic data

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Pilgram, Lisa Dankar, Fida K. Drechsler, Jörg Elliot, Mark Domingo-Ferrer, Josep Francis, Paul Kantarcioglu, Murat Kong, Linglong Malin, Bradley Muralidhar, Krishnamurty Myles, Puja Prasser, Fabian Raisaro, Jean Louis Yan, Chao El Emam, Khaled School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa ON Canada CHEO Research Institute ON Canada Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Department for Statistical Methods Institute for Employment Research Nuernberg Germany Institute for Statistics Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich Germany Joint Program in Survey Methodology University of Maryland United States The Cathie Marsh Institute Research School of Social Sciences University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics Universitat Rovira i Virgili Catalonia Tarragona Spain Max Planck Institute for Software Systems Germany Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech United States Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences University of Alberta Alberta Canada Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN United States Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN United States Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States Department of Marketing and Supply Chain Management University of Oklahoma Oklahoma United States Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency London United Kingdom Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Medical Informatics Group Berlin Germany Biomedical Data Science Center University Hospital Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

Synthetic data generation is one approach for sharing individual-level data. However, to meet legislative requirements, it is necessary to demonstrate that the individuals’ privacy is adequately protected. There is no consolidated standard for measuring privacy in synthetic data. Through an expert panel and consensus process, we developed a framework for evaluating privacy in synthetic data. Our findings indicate that current similarity metrics fail to measure identity disclosure, and their use is discouraged. For differentially private synthetic data, a privacy budget other than close to zero was not considered interpretable. There was consensus on the importance of membership and attribute disclosure, both of which involve inferring personal information about an individual without necessarily revealing their identity. The resultant framework provides precise recommendations for metrics that address these types of disclosures effectively. Our findings further present specific opportunities for future research that can help with widespread adoption of synthetic data. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Expansion microscopy allows quantitative characterisation of structural organisation of platelet aggregates

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Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2025年

作者： Emma L. Faulkner Jeremy A. Pike Evelyn Garlick Robert K. Neely Iain B. Styles Stephen P. Watson Natalie S. Poulter Steven G. Thomas Department of Cardiovascular Sciences School of Medical Sciences College of Medicine and Health University of Birmingham Birmingham UK COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands UK Current address: Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Science and AI University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Research Software Group Advanced Research Computing University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Current address: Abberior Instruments GmbH Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 637077 Göttingen Germany School of Chemistry University of Birmingham Birmingham UK School of Computer Science University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Current Address: School of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK

Background Current microscopy approaches applied to platelet aggregates from multiple settings indicate their structure has important implications in efficient haemostasis and in clinical treatment of thrombosis. However, current fluorescence microscopy approaches are not amenable to detailed volumetric imaging of platelet aggregate structures. This is due to the small size of individual platelets and tight packing of platelets within aggregates, resulting in optical opacity. Objectives To address this, we investigated methods for performing super-resolution microscopy and image analysis on aggregates of platelets to describe their morphology. Methods We applied expansion microscopy and custom analysis workflows to extract quantitative information on the structure of platelet aggregates. Results We demonstrate that expansion microscopy applied to platelet aggregates, reveals multi-scale information about their structure. We produced volumetric images at nanoscale resolution of >700 platelet aggregates stained for cytoskeletal and membrane components under normal conditions and following cytoskeletal disruption. We demonstrate our custom analysis workflow provides quantitative description of platelet numbers, volumes and morphology within entire platelet aggregates. Additionally, we quantitatively describe subcellular organisation of F-actin. By comparing these measurements following treatment with the actin inhibitors, cytochalasin D and latrunculin A, we can robustly detect structural disruptions in platelet aggregates. Conclusions Together these data provide a workflow to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the architecture of platelet aggregates at a range of scales (whole aggregates down to sub-cellular features within individual platelets). This provides an important tool for analysis of platelet aggregates and thrombi in conditions such as haemostasis, immunothrombosis and cardiovascular disease.

关键词： F-actin platelet aggregation microscopy

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