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A Concise and Varied Visual Features-Based Image Captioning Model with Visual Selection

computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第11期81卷 2873-2894页

作者： Alaa Thobhani Beiji Zou Xiaoyan Kui Amr Abdussalam Muhammad Asim Naveed Ahmed Mohammed Ali Alshara School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China Electronic Engineering and Information Science Department University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China EIAS Data Science Lab College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia College of Computer and Information Sciences Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia College of Computer and Information Sciences Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityRiyadh11432Saudi Arabia

Image captioning has gained increasing attention in recent *** characteristics found in input images play a crucial role in generating high-quality *** studies have used visual attention mechanisms to dynamically focus on localized regions of the input image,improving the effectiveness of identifying relevant image regions at each step of caption ***,providing image captioning models with the capability of selecting the most relevant visual features from the input image and attending to them can significantly improve the utilization of these ***,this leads to enhanced captioning network *** light of this,we present an image captioning framework that efficiently exploits the extracted representations of the *** framework comprises three key components:the Visual Feature Detector module(VFD),the Visual Feature Visual Attention module(VFVA),and the language *** VFD module is responsible for detecting a subset of the most pertinent features from the local visual features,creating an updated visual features ***,the VFVA directs its attention to the visual features matrix generated by the VFD,resulting in an updated context vector employed by the language model to generate an informative *** the VFD and VFVA modules introduces an additional layer of processing for the visual features,thereby contributing to enhancing the image captioning model’s *** the MS-COCO dataset,our experiments show that the proposed framework competes well with state-of-the-art methods,effectively leveraging visual representations to improve *** implementation code can be found here:https://***/althobhani/VFDICM(accessed on 30 July 2024).

关键词： Visual attention image captioning visual feature detector visual feature visual attention

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A Novelty Framework in Image-Captioning with Visual Attention-Based Refined Visual Features

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 3943-3964页

作者： Alaa Thobhani Beiji Zou Xiaoyan Kui Amr Abdussalam Muhammad Asim Mohammed ELAffendi Sajid Shah School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China Electronic Engineering and Information ScienceDepartment University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China EIAS Data Science Lab College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia

Image captioning,the task of generating descriptive sentences for images,has advanced significantly with the integration of semantic ***,traditional models still rely on static visual features that do not evolve with the changing linguistic context,which can hinder the ability to form meaningful connections between the image and the generated *** limitation often leads to captions that are less accurate or *** this paper,we propose a novel approach to enhance image captioning by introducing dynamic interactions where visual features continuously adapt to the evolving linguistic *** model strengthens the alignment between visual and linguistic elements,resulting in more coherent and contextually appropriate ***,we introduce two innovative modules:the Visual Weighting Module(VWM)and the Enhanced Features Attention Module(EFAM).The VWM adjusts visual features using partial attention,enabling dynamic reweighting of the visual inputs,while the EFAM further refines these features to improve their relevance to the generated *** continuously adjusting visual features in response to the linguistic context,our model bridges the gap between static visual features and dynamic language *** demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through experiments on the MS-COCO dataset,where our method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in terms of caption quality and contextual *** results show that dynamic visual-linguistic alignment significantly enhances image captioning performance.

关键词： Image-captioning visual attention deep learning visual features

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CapsNet-FR: Capsule Networks for Improved Recognition of Facial Features

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2169-2186页

作者： Mahmood Ul Haq Muhammad Athar Javed Sethi Najib Ben Aoun Ala Saleh Alluhaidan Sadique Ahmad Zahid farid Department of Computer System Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan College of Computer Science and Information Technology Al-Baha UniversityAlaqiq65779-7738Saudi Arabia REGIM-Lab:Research Groups in Intelligent Machines National School of Engineers of Sfax(ENIS)University of SfaxSfax3038Tunisia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia EIAS:Data Science and Blockchain Laboratory College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Bahria University Karachi CampusKarachi541004Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Abasyn UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan

Face recognition (FR) technology has numerous applications in artificial intelligence including biometrics, security,authentication, law enforcement, and surveillance. Deep learning (DL) models, notably convolutional neuralnetworks (CNNs), have shown promising results in the field of FR. However CNNs are easily fooled since theydo not encode position and orientation correlations between features. Hinton et al. envisioned Capsule Networksas a more robust design capable of retaining pose information and spatial correlations to recognize objects morelike the brain does. Lower-level capsules hold 8-dimensional vectors of attributes like position, hue, texture, andso on, which are routed to higher-level capsules via a new routing by agreement algorithm. This provides capsulenetworks with viewpoint invariance, which has previously evaded CNNs. This research presents a FR model basedon capsule networks that was tested using the LFW dataset, COMSATS face dataset, and own acquired photos usingcameras measuring 128 × 128 pixels, 40 × 40 pixels, and 30 × 30 pixels. The trained model outperforms state-ofthe-art algorithms, achieving 95.82% test accuracy and performing well on unseen faces that have been blurred orrotated. Additionally, the suggested model outperformed the recently released approaches on the COMSATS facedataset, achieving a high accuracy of 92.47%. Based on the results of this research as well as previous results, capsulenetworks perform better than deeper CNNs on unobserved altered data because of their special equivarianceproperties.

关键词： CapsNet face recognition artificial intelligence

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Soft-GNN:towards robust graph neural networks via self-adaptive data utilization

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Frontiers of computer Science 2025年第4期19卷 1-12页

作者： Yao WU Hong HUANG Yu SONG Hai JIN National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Service Computing Technology and System LabCluster and Grid Computing LabSchool of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China College of Information and Communication National University of Defense TechnologyWuhan 430019China Department of Computer Science and Operations Research Universitéde MontréalMontreal H3C 3J7Canada

Graph neural networks(GNNs)have gained traction and have been applied to various graph-based data analysis tasks due to their high ***,a major concern is their robustness,particularly when faced with graph data that has been deliberately or accidentally polluted with *** presents a challenge in learning robust GNNs under noisy *** address this issue,we propose a novel framework called Soft-GNN,which mitigates the influence of label noise by adapting the data utilized in *** approach employs a dynamic data utilization strategy that estimates adaptive weights based on prediction deviation,local deviation,and global *** better utilizing significant training samples and reducing the impact of label noise through dynamic data selection,GNNs are trained to be more *** evaluate the performance,robustness,generality,and complexity of our model on five real-world datasets,and our experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our approach over existing methods.

关键词： graph neural networks node classification label noise robustness

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Automated heart disease prediction using improved explainable learning-based technique

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第26期36卷 16289-16318页

作者： Bizimana, Pierre Claver Zhang, Zuping Hounye, Alphonse Houssou Asim, Muhammad Hammad, Mohamed El-Latif, Ahmed A. Abd School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha410083 China School of Mathematics and Statistics Central South University Changsha410008 China EIAS Data Science Lab College of Computer and Information Sciences and Center of Excellence in Quantum and Intelligent Computing Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia School of Computer Science and Technology Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science Menoufia University Shebin El-Koom Egypt Information Technology Department Faculty of Computers and Information Menoufia University Shebin El-Koom Egypt

Heart disease (HD) stands as a major global health challenge, being a predominant cause of death and demanding intricate and costly detection methods. The widespread impact of heart failure, contributing to increased rates of morbidity and mortality, underscores the urgency for accurate and timely prediction and diagnosis. This is crucial for effective prevention, early detection, and treatment, thereby reducing the threat to individual health. However, the early and precise prediction of HD remains a significant challenge. The complexity of medical data poses a considerable challenge for healthcare professionals, who are required to interpret and utilize this information swiftly for effective intervention. Addressing this gap, our study introduces a novel Improved Explainable Learning-Based Technique (IELBT) for HD prediction. This technique harnesses a strategic combination of feature selection, Venn diagrams, data normalization methods, optimized parameters, and machine learning algorithms, specifically tailored for predicting HD. We evaluated the performance of our model using the Alizadeh Sani HD dataset, aiming to accurately detect the presence or absence of the condition. Our results demonstrate that the IELBT, employing a support vector machine with a robust scaling approach, optimal parameterization, and a data split ratio of 70:30, achieves an impressive accuracy rate of 96.00%. Beyond achieving high accuracy, the IELBT outperforms similar models in existing literature and provides significant interpretability and explanation, essential elements in the field of medical diagnosis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Forecasting

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How Graph Neural Networks Learn: Lessons from Training Dynamics 41

How Graph Neural Networks Learn: Lessons from Training Dynam...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Yang, Chenxiao Wu, Qitian Wipf, David Sun, Ruoyu Yan, Junchi School of Artificial Intelligence Department of Computer Science and Engineering MoE Lab of AI Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Amazon Web Services United States School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China Shenzhen International Center for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data China

A long-standing goal in deep learning has been to characterize the learning behavior of black-box models in a more interpretable manner. For graph neural networks (GNNs), considerable advances have been made in formalizing what functions they can represent, but whether GNNs will learn desired functions during the optimization process remains less clear. To fill this gap, we study their training dynamics in function space. In particular, we find that the gradient descent optimization of GNNs implicitly leverages the graph structure to update the learned function, as can be quantified by a phenomenon which we call kernel-graph alignment. We provide theoretical explanations for the emergence of this phenomenon in the overparameterized regime and empirically validate it on real-world GNNs. This finding offers new interpretable insights into when and why the learned GNN functions generalize, highlighting their limitations in heterophilic graphs. Practically, we propose a parameter-free algorithm that directly uses a sparse matrix (i.e. graph adjacency) to update the learned function. We demonstrate that this embarrassingly simple approach can be as effective as GNNs while being orders-of-magnitude faster. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Zero Watermarking Algorithm for Medical Image Based on Resnet50-DCT

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 293-309页

作者： Mingshuai Sheng Jingbing Li Uzair Aslam Bhatti Jing Liu Mengxing Huang Yen-Wei Chen School of Information and Communication Engineering Hainan UniversityHaikou570228China State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea Hainan UniversityHaikou570228China School of Computer Science and Technology Hainan UniversityHaikou570228China Research Center for Healthcare Data Science Zhejiang LabHangzhou311121China Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan UniversityKyoto5258577Japan

Medical images are used as a diagnostic tool, so protecting theirconfidentiality has long been a topic of study. From this, we propose aResnet50-DCT-based zero watermarking algorithm for use with medicalimages. To begin, we use Resnet50, a pre-training network, to draw out thedeep features of medical images. Then the deep features are transformedby DCT transform and the perceptual hash function is used to generatethe feature vector. The original watermark is chaotic scrambled to get theencrypted watermark, and the watermark information is embedded into theoriginal medical image by XOR operation, and the logical key vector isobtained and saved at the same time. Similarly, the same feature extractionmethod is used to extract the deep features of the medical image to be testedand generate the feature vector. Later, the XOR operation is carried outbetween the feature vector and the logical key vector, and the encryptedwatermark is extracted and decrypted to get the restored watermark;thenormalized correlation coefficient (NC) of the original watermark and therestored watermark is calculated to determine the ownership and watermarkinformation of the medical image to be tested. After calculation, most ofthe NC values are greater than 0.50. The experimental results demonstratethe algorithm’s robustness, invisibility, and security, as well as its ability toaccurately extract watermark information. The algorithm also shows goodresistance to conventional attacks and geometric attacks.

关键词： Medical images deep residual network resnet50-DCT privacy protection robustness security

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HUSS:A Heuristic Method for Understanding the Semantic Structure of Spreadsheets

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data Intelligence 2023年第3期5卷 537-559页

作者： Xindong Wu Hao Chen Chenyang Bu Shengwei Ji Zan Zhang Victor S.Sheng Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data(the Ministry of Education of China) Hefei University of TechnologyChinaSchool of Computer Science and Information EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence Zhejiang LabHangzhouChina Department of Computer Science Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409USA

Spreadsheets contain a lot of valuable data and have many practical *** key technology of these practical applications is how to make machines understand the semantic structure of spreadsheets,e.g.,identifying cell function types and discovering relationships between cell *** existing methods for understanding the semantic structure of spreadsheets do not make use of the semantic information of cells.A few studies do,but they ignore the layout structure information of spreadsheets,which affects the performance of cell function classification and the discovery of different relationship types of cell *** this paper,we propose a Heuristic algorithm for Understanding the Semantic Structure of spreadsheets(HUSS).Specifically,for improving the cell function classification,we propose an error correction mechanism(ECM)based on an existing cell function classification model[11]and the layout features of *** improving the table structure analysis,we propose five types of heuristic rules to extract four different types of cell pairs,based on the cell style and spatial location *** experimental results on five real-world datasets demonstrate that HUSS can effectively understand the semantic structure of spreadsheets and outperforms corresponding baselines.

关键词： Spreadsheet semantic structure information extraction Heuristics Cell function analysis Table structure analysis

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STFormer: Learning to Explore Spot Relationships for Spatial Transcriptomics Prediction from Histology of Colorectal Cancer 46

STFormer: Learning to Explore Spot Relationships for Spatial...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Zhan, Gan Du, Xiuju Liu, Jing Li, Yinhao Lin, Lanfen Li, Jingsong Chen, Yen-Wei Ritsumeikan University Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering Shiga Japan Research Center for Healthcare Data Science Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China Ritsumeikan University College of Information Science and Engineering Shiga Japan Zhejiang University College of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) offers insights into gene expression patterns within tumor microenvironments, but its widespread application is impeded by cost constraints. To address this, predicting ST from Histology emerges as a cost-effective alternative. However, current methods such as STNet, HistoGene, and Hist2ST exhibit limitations, either overlooking stain variation across datasets or failing to well explore inter-spot correlations in scenarios with limited Whole Slide Image (WSI) data. In response, we present STFormer, a deep learning approach that incorporates the Style-Aug module to enhance feature generalization through medically-irrelevant style transfer augmentation. Additionally, the Cross-WSI Transformer module is introduced to capture Cross-WSI spot relationships efficiently. Our experimental results, conducted on both internal and external datasets, demonstrate that STFormer surpasses existing methods by a substantial margin. This showcases its potential as a powerful tool for spatial transcriptomics predictions, addressing critical gaps in current methodologies. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： WSI circuits

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Discovering Personalized Characteristic Communities in Attributed Graphs 40

Discovering Personalized Characteristic Communities in Attri...

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40th IEEE International Conference on data engineering, ICDE 2024

作者： Niu, Yudong Li, Yuchen Karras, Panagiotis Wang, Yanhao Li, Zhao School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore University of Copenhagen Department of Computer Science Copenhagen Denmark School of Data Science and Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai China Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350317152

What is the widest community in which a person exercises a strong impact? Although extensive attention has been devoted to searching communities containing given individuals, the problem of finding their unique communities of influence has barely been examined. In this paper, we study the novel problem of Characteristic cOmmunity Discovery (COD) in attributed graphs. Our goal is to identify the largest community, taking into account the query attribute, in which the query node has a significant impact. The key challenge of the COD problem is that it requires evaluating the influence of the query node over a large number of hierarchically structured communities. We first propose a novel compressed COD evaluation approach to accelerate the influence estimation by eliminating redundant computations for overlapping communities. Then, we further devise a local hierarchical reclustering method to alleviate the skewness of hierarchical communities generated by global clustering for a specific query attribute. Extensive experiments confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of our solutions to COD: they find characteristic communities better than existing community search methods by several quality measures and achieve up to 25 x speedups against well-crafted baselines. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： attributed graph characteristic community community hierarchy influence

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