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Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000

作者： E. Vonk L.C. Jain L.P.J. Veelenturf Control Systems and Computer Engineering Group BSC Laboratory for Network Theory Department of Electrical Engineering University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Knowledge-based Engineering System Group School of Electronic Engineering University of South Australia Adelaide Australia

Artificial neural networks, also called neural networks, have been used successfully in many fields including engineering, science and business. This paper presents the implementation of several neural network simulat... 详细信息

关键词： Neural networks Neurons Artificial neural networks systems engineering and theory Hopfield neural networks Process control Knowledge engineering Supervised learning Clustering algorithms Application software

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Estimating 3-D body parameters from reflection component separating imagery: a performance analysis

Estimating 3-D body parameters from reflection component sep...

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International Symposium on computer Vision (ISCV)

作者： J.C. Glas F. van der Heijden Department of Electrical Engineering Control Systems and Computer Engineering Group.Laboratory for Measurement Science and Instrumentation University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Lab. for Meas. Sci. & Instrum. Twente Univ. Enschede Netherlands

Iterative least-squares estimation requires accurate reflectance models to retrieve geometrical parameters of 3-D objects from an image projection. We investigate the use of separating the diffuse (body) reflection from the specular (surface) reflection, where the latter is responsible for image highlights. The performance of several models has been analysed by comparing local higher-order derivatives of the least-squares error function. Experiments show that the (smooth) diffuse component yields the best convergence properties, while the (sharp) specular component cast be utilized to improve noise insensitivity.

关键词： Parameter estimation Performance analysis Convergence Reflectivity Noise measurement Optical reflection Image retrieval Additive noise Velocity measurement computer errors

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Automatic generation of a neural network architecture using evolutionary computation

Automatic generation of a neural network architecture using ...

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Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000

作者： E. Vonk L.C. Jain L.P.J. Veelenturf R. Johnson Control Systems and Computer Engineering Group BSC Laboratory for Network Theory Department of Electrical Engineering University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Knowledge-based Engineering System Group School of Electronic Engineering University of South Australia Adelaide Australia Weapons Systems Division Defence Science and Technology Organisation Salisbury SA Australia

This paper reports the application of evolutionary computation in the automatic generation of a neural network architecture. It is a usual practice to use trial and error to find a suitable neural network architecture. This is not only time consuming but may not generate an optimal solution for a given problem. The use of evolutionary computation is a step towards automation in architecture generation. In this paper a brief introduction to the field is given as well as an implementation of automatic neural network generation using genetic programming.< >

关键词： Neural networks computer architecture Evolutionary computation Genetic programming Network topology Genetic algorithms Biological cells systems engineering and theory Knowledge engineering Australia

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BINARY HYPOTHESIS-TESTING WITH STRUCTURED ADAPTIVE NETWORKS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC control 1994年第9期39卷 1967-1971页

作者： PAPADAKIS, INM THOMOPOULOS, SCA Decision and Control Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA

The problem of design and evaluation of binary hypothesis tests based on a set of available observations is considered. A so-called structured adaptive network (SAN) configuration for the modeling and implementation of a wide class of such tests is introduced. A general framework for the analysis and performance evaluation of a SAN is developed.

关键词： Testing Adaptive systems Storage area networks Performance analysis Statistical analysis Light rail systems Statistical distributions Bayesian methods Probability density function control systems

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DECENTRALIZED FILTERING AND control IN THE PRESENCE OF DELAYS - DISCRETE-TIME AND CONTINUOUS-TIME CASE

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INFORMATION SCIENCES 1994年第1-2期81卷 133-153页

作者： THOMOPOULOS, SCA Decision and Control Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

The problem of estimation and control of a process with linear, Gaussian dynamics and quadratic cost (LQG) in a decentralized processing environment is considered. It is assumed that the delay that is involved with the transmission of the measurements from the sensor(s) to the processor which is responsible for estimating and controlling the process state(s) is not negligible. Furthermore, it is also assumed that the delay associated with the transmission of control actions is not negligible either. We consider the LQG problem in systems with discrete time and continuous time dynamics in the presence of fixed delays in the transmission of measurements and control actions. We derive the optimal estimator and controller in a recursive form for both cases. The optimal filter is an extension to the Kalman filter to account for the transmission delay. The optimal controller satisfies the certainty equivalence principle, and is given by a separation rule as a product of the delayed state estimates and a time-varying gain matrix.

关键词： Distributed computer systems

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DISTRIBUTED AND CENTRALIZED MULTISENSOR DETECTION WITH MISALIGNED SENSORS

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INFORMATION SCIENCES 1994年第3-4期77卷 293-323页

作者： THOMOPOULOS, SCA OKELLO, NN Decision and Control Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 U.S.A.

We consider the problem of multisensor detection in the presence of misalignment. We assume that the region that is covered by the sensors contains subregions that constitute blind spots in the sensors' fields of view. For analytical simplicity and numerical convenience, we consider the two-sensor case only, and describe the misalignment mathematically using a model that we have developed earlier. Preliminary assumptions involve a known geometry of the regions covered by each sensor and symmetric coverage. We formulate and analyze the distributed decision problem in the presence of misalignment when the sensors transmit only local decisions to the fusion. Different combining roles are considered at the fusion and compared with a centralized fusion scheme. Numerical results in the Gaussian channel indicate that for two sensors and under the imposed assumptions, only the OR combining rule at the fusion results in performance that degrades gracefully as the coverage factor decreases. The performance of the fusion under the OR rule is comparable-although inferior-to the performance of the centralized scheme. However, the AND combining rule yields very poor performance that degrades rapidly as the coverage factor varies.

关键词： DETECTORS MATHEMATICAL models of decision making MATHEMATICAL models

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Stability of switched and hybrid systems

Stability of switched and hybrid systems

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IEEE Conference on decision and control

作者： M.S. Branicky Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Center for Intelligent Control Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA

This paper outlines some preliminary work on the stability analysis of switched and hybrid systems. The hybrid systems considered are those that combine continuous dynamics, represented by differential or difference equations, with finite dynamics usually thought of as being a finite automaton. Here, we concentrate on the continuous dynamics and model the finite dynamics as switching among finitely many continuous systems. We introduce multiple Lyapunov functions as a tool for analyzing Lyapunov stability of such "switched systems". We use iterated function systems theory as a tool for Lagrange stability. We also discuss the case where the switched systems are indexed by an arbitrary compact set.< >

关键词： Stability Switched systems Difference equations Differential equations Automata Lyapunov method Intelligent control Lagrangian functions control systems Laboratories

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Sensor selectivity and intelligent data fusion

Sensor selectivity and intelligent data fusion

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International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent systems (MFI)

作者： S.C.A. Thomopoulos Decision & Control Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA

The paper addresses the question of performance improvement as a result of multisensor data fusion and its ramifications on the design of a data fusion system. Sensor selectivity requires that data quality control and error detection capabilities be incorporated in the fusion design. Data quality control and error detection may not be feasible at the signal level requiring additional intelligence to be built in the fusion loop, prior to or after fusing the data. This leads to the notion of intelligent data fusion design which involves pre-fusion data quality control loops for error detection prior to fusion using data models and post-fusion data quality control loops based on meta-fusion level inference. Shortcomings in applying the optimal fusion rules in the presence of partial statistical knowledge and means to overcome them are discussed. The need of data validation and adaptive sensitivity control in the fusion design, when optimality conditions are not satisfied, is demonstrated and suggestions for designing the feedback loop are given. The design of an intelligent data fusion is discussed and a design for adaptive sensor sensitivity control presented.< >

关键词： Intelligent sensors Sensor fusion Quality control Error correction Programmable control Adaptive control control systems Sensor systems Feedback loop Sensor phenomena and characterization

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Unsupervised learning neural networks with applications to data fusion

Unsupervised learning neural networks with applications to d...

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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： Chin-Der Wann S.C.A. Thomopoulos Decision and Control Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA

An unsupervised learning artificial neural network, DIGNET, is used to design a multi-sensor data fusion system. DIGNET is a self-organizing neural network model with its system parameters analytically determined from self-organization during the learning process. The fast and stable clustering of DIGNET on statistical pattern recognition is used to supplement the decision making on multi-sensor detection problems. Features of the received signals are extracted by using signal processing techniques at each sensor stage before presented to data fusion. The data fusion architecture consists of DIGNET models and decision making algorithms. The function of DIGNET is to perform feature clustering prior to data fusion. The clusters of features created by DIGNET are fused by a decision making algorithm for an integrated decision. Experimental results in a multi-sensor moving target indication system show that data fusion with DIGNET successfully detects and tracks multiple moving targets embedded in clutter.

关键词： Unsupervised learning Neural networks Artificial neural networks decision making Signal processing algorithms Clustering algorithms Pattern recognition Signal processing Data mining Sensor fusion

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Stochastic interpretation of H/sub /spl infin// and robust estimation

Stochastic interpretation of H/sub /spl infin// and robust e...

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IEEE Conference on decision and control

作者： R.S. Mangoubi B.D. Appleby G.C. Verghese Control and Decision Systems Division C. S. Draper Laboratory and Aeronautics and Astronautics Control and Decision Systems Division C. S. Draper Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA

H/sub /spl infin// and robust estimation methods are discussed from a deterministic as well as a stochastic point of view. The relationship between H/sub /spl infin// and risk sensitivity for systems with known plant dynamics is reviewed. This relationship is extended to the more general case of estimators that are robust to noise and plant model uncertainties. Specifically, it is shown that a stochastic equivalent to the robust H/sub /spl infin// estimator exists. An example is used to compare the estimators in the deterministic sense, using the frequency response of the transfer function between the inputs and the error, as well as in the stochastic sense, using the probability density function of the output error residual.< >

关键词： Stochastic processes Robustness Estimation error Aerodynamics State estimation Extraterrestrial measurements Noise measurement Minimax techniques Riccati equations Stochastic systems

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