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arXiv 2021年

作者： Waseem, Muhammad Liang, Peng Shahin, Mojtaba Salle, Amleto Di Márquez, Gastón School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Department of Software Systems and Cybersecurity Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Melbourne3800 Australia Department of Information Engineering Computer Science and Mathematics University of L’Aquila L’AquilaI-67100 Italy Department of Electronics and Informatics Federico Santa María Technical University Concepción4030000 Chile

Context: Microservices Architecture (MSA) has received significant attention in the software industry. However, little empirical evidence exists on design, monitoring, and testing of microservices systems. Objective: This research aims to gain a deep understanding of how microservices systems are designed, monitored, and tested in the industry. Method: A mixed-methods study was conducted with 106 survey responses and 6 interviews from microservices practitioners. Results: The main findings are: (1) a combination of domain-driven design and business capability is the most used strategy to decompose an application into microservices, (2) over half of the participants used architecture evaluation and architecture implementation when designing microservices systems, (3) API gateway and Backend for frontend patterns are the most used MSA patterns, (4) resource usage and load balancing as monitoring metrics, log management and exception tracking as monitoring practices are widely used, (5) unit and end-to-end testing are the most used testing strategies, and (6) the complexity of microservices systems poses challenges for their design, monitoring, and testing, for which there are no dedicated solutions. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that more research is needed to (1) deal with microservices complexity at the design level, (2) handle security in microservices systems, and (3) address the monitoring and testing challenges through dedicated solutions. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Surveys

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Design of a Cryptographically Secure Pseudo Random Number Generator with Grammatical Evolution

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Ryan, Conor Kshirsagar, Meghana Vaidya, Gauri Cunningham, Andrew Sivaraman, R. Biocomputing and Developmental Systems Group Lero The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Software Computer Science and Information System Department University of Limerick LimerickV94 T9PX Ireland Intel Research and Development Ireland Limited LeixlipW23 CX68 Ireland Department of Electronics Communication Engineering School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Shanmugha Arts Science Technology and Research Academy Deemed to be University Thanjavur613401 India

This work investigates the potential of evolving an initial seed with Grammatical Evolution (GE), for the construction of cryptographically secure (CS) pseudo-random number generator (PRNG). We harness the flexibility of GE as an entropy source for returning initial seeds. The initial seeds returned by GE demonstrate an average entropy value of 7.920261600000001 which is extremely close to the ideal value of 8. The initial seed combined with our proposed approach, control_flow_incrementor, is used to construct both, GE-PRNG and GE-CSPRNG. The random numbers generated with CSPRNG meet the prescribed National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SP800-22 requirements. Monte Carlo simulations established the efficacy of the PRNG. The experimental setup was designed to estimate the value for pi, in which 100,000,000 random numbers were generated by our system and which resulted in returning the value of pi to 3.146564000, with a precision up to six decimal digits. The random numbers by GE-PRNG were compared against those generated by Python’s rand() function for sampling. The sampling results, when measured for accuracy against twenty-nine real world regression datasets, showed that GE-PRNG had less error when compared to Python’s rand() against the ground truths in seventeen of those, while there was no discernible difference in the remaining twelve. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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Haste Makes Waste: An Empirical Study of Fast Answers in Stack Overflow

Haste Makes Waste: An Empirical Study of Fast Answers in Sta...

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International Conference on software Maintenance (ICSM)

作者： Yao Lu Xinjun Mao Minghui Zhou Yang Zhang Tao Wang Zude Li College of Computer Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems National University of Defense Technology Changsha China School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing China School of Information Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha China

ISBN: (数字)9781728156194

ISBN: (纸本)9781728156200

Modern programming question & answer (Q&A) sites such as Stack Overflow (SO) employ gamified mechanisms to stimulate volunteers' contributions. To maximize the chances of winning gamification rewards such as reputation and badges, a portion of users race to post answers as quickly as possible (i.e., fast answers or FAs), which makes SO the fastest Q&A site; however, this behavior may affect the contribution quality as well. In this paper, we report on a large-scale, mixed-methods empirical study of the gamification-influenced FA phenomenon in SO. We first quantitatively investigate the popularity of the phenomenon and user behaviors regarding FAs. Then, we study the quality of FAs by using regression modeling and qualitatively analyzing 300 instances of FAs. Our main findings reveal that more than 70% and 90% of FAs are not edited by the answerers and other users, respectively, and that later incoming answers have lower chances of being voted on and accepted. Notably, we find that the answer length, code snippets length, and readability of FAs are significantly lower than those of non-fast answers. Although FAs have higher crowd assessment scores, they have no relationship with acceptance from the perspective of asker assessment, and a considerable portion of FAs solve the problem by interacting with the asker in the comments. These results help us better understand the effects of reward-based gamification on crowdsourced software engineering communitites and provide implications for designers of gamified systems.

关键词： software maintenance Analytical models Conferences Programming software engineering

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NTIRE 2024 Quality Assessment of AI-Generated Content Challenge

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Xiaohong Min, Xiongkuo Zhai, Guangtao Li, Chunyi Kou, Tengchuan Sun, Wei Wu, Haoning Gao, Yixuan Cao, Yuqin Zhang, Zicheng Wu, Xiele Timofte, Radu Gankhuyag, Ganzorig Yoon, Kihwan Xu, Yifang Fan, Haotian Kong, Fangyuan Zhao, Shiling Dong, Weifeng Yin, Haibing Zhu, Li Wang, Zhiling Huang, Bingchen Peng, Fei Fu, Huiyuan Ming, Anlong Wang, Chuanming Ma, Huadong He, Shuai Dou, Zifei Chen, Shu Yu, Zihao Guan, Fengbin Motamednia, Hossein Hosseini-Benvidi, S. Farhad Mahmoudi-Aznaveh, Ahmad Mansouri, Azadeh Saha, Avinab Mishra, Sandeep Gupta, Shashank Sureddi, Rajesh Saha, Oindrila Celona, Luigi Bianco, Simone Napoletano, Paolo Schettini, Raimondo Yang, Junfeng Fu, Jing Zhang, Wei Cao, Wenzhi Liu, Limei Peng, Han Yuan, Weijun Li, Zhan Cheng, Yihang Deng, Yifan Zhang, Huacong Xie, Haiyi Wang, Chengwei Chen, Baoying Zeng, Jishen Yang, Jianquan Wang, Weigang Fang, Xi Lv, Xiaoxin Yan, Jun Li, Haohui Qu, Bowen Li, Yao Luo, Shuqing Wang, Shunzhou Gao, Wei Lu, Zihao Conde, Marcos V. Timofte, Radu Lu, Yiting Li, Xin Wang, Xinrui Guan, Fengbin Chen, Zhibo Liao, Ruling Ye, Yan Wang, Qiulin Li, Bing Zhou, Zhaokun Geng, Miao Chen, Rui Tao, Xin Liang, Xiaoyu Sun, Shangkun Fang, Xi Wang, Weigang Yan, Jun Ma, Xingyuan Li, Jiaze Yang, Mengduo Xu, Haoran Zhou, Jie Zhu, Shiding Yu, Bohan Zhi, Tianwu Zhang, Yabin Li, Yaohui Li, Yang Xu, Jingwen Liu, Jianzhao Liao, Yiting Li, Junlin Chen, Baoying Zeng, Jishen Xie, Haiyi Wang, Chengwei Yang, Jianquan Chen, Pengfei Xu, Xinrui Shen, Jiabin Duan, Zhichao Liu, Jiahe Yan, Qi Qu, Youran Zeng, Xiaohui Wang, Lele Liao, Renjie Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Nanyang Technological University Singapore ETH Zürich Switzerland University of Würzburg Germany Korea Electronics Technology Institute Korea Republic of ByteDance China Hangzhou Dianzi University China Sankuai China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co. Ltd. China University of Science and Technology of China China High Performance Computing Laboratory School of Computer Science Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kharazmi University Tehran Iran Cyber Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran University of Texas Austin United States University of Massachusetts Amher United States Department of Informatics Systems and Communication Xiangjiang Laboratory Hunan University of Technology and Business China Jinan University China Sun Yat-sen University China Alibaba Group China Cisco Systems Inc. United States DP Technology Ltd. Shopee Pte. Ltd Tongji University China School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University China University of Würzburg Germany Kuaishou Technology China Peking University China Zhejiang University China Bytedance Inc China Xidian University China University of British Columbia Canada University of Toronto Canada

This paper reports on the NTIRE 2024 Quality Assessment of AI-Generated Content Challenge, which will be held in conjunction with the New Trends in Image Restoration and Enhancement Workshop (NTIRE) at CVPR 2024. This challenge is to address a major challenge in the field of image and video processing, namely, Image Quality Assessment (IQA) and Video Quality Assessment (VQA) for AI-Generated Content (AIGC). The challenge is divided into the image track and the video track. The image track uses the AIGIQA-20K, which contains 20,000 AI-Generated Images (AIGIs) generated by 15 popular generative models. The image track has a total of 318 registered participants. A total of 1,646 submissions are received in the development phase, and 221 submissions are received in the test phase. Finally, 16 participating teams submitted their models and fact sheets. The video track uses the T2VQA-DB, which contains 10,000 AI-Generated Videos (AIGVs) generated by 9 popular Text-to-Video (T2V) models. A total of 196 participants have registered in the video track. A total of 991 submissions are received in the development phase, and 185 submissions are received in the test phase. Finally, 12 participating teams submitted their models and fact sheets. Some methods have achieved better results than baseline methods, and the winning methods in both tracks have demonstrated superior prediction performance on AIGC. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Factor Graph Weight Particles aided Distributed Underwater Cooperative Positioning Algorithm

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Zhang, Lingling Yu, Baoguo Tang, Chengkai Zhang, Yi Song, Houbing School of Marine Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710072 China The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation Shijiazhuang China School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710072 China Department of Electrical Computer Software and Systems Engineering Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University FL32114 United States

The growing scale of marine exploration requires high-resolution underwater localization, which necessitates cooperation among underwater network nodes, considering the channel complexity and power efficiency. In this paper, we proposed factor graph weight particles aided distributed underwater nodes cooperative positioning algorithm (WP-DUCP). It capitalized on the factor graph and sum-product algorithm to decompose the global optimization to the product of several local optimization functions. Combined with the Gaussian parameters to construct the weighted particles and to realize the belief transfer, it shows low complexity and high efficiency, suitable to the energy-restricted and communication distance-limited underwater networks. In terms of convergence, localization resolution, and computation complexity, we conducted the simulation and real-test with comparison to the existing co-localization methods. The results verified a higher resolution of the proposed method with no extra computation burden. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Global optimization

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A reinforcement-learning-based energy-efficient framework for multi-task video analytics pipeline

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhao, Yingying Dong, Mingzhi Wang, Yujiang Feng, Da Lv, Qin Dick, Robert P. Li, Dongsheng Lu, Tun Gu, Ning Shang, Li School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science Fudan University Shanghai China Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems Shanghai China Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Software Service Company Limited Beijing China University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science College of Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Microsoft Research Asia Shanghai China School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai China

Deep-learning-based video processing has yielded transformative results in recent years. However, the video analytics pipeline is energy-intensive due to high data rates and reliance on complex inference algorithms, which limits its adoption in energy-constrained applications. Motivated by the observation of high and variable spatial redundancy and temporal dynamics in video data streams, we design and evaluate an adaptive-resolution optimization framework to minimize the energy use of multitask video analytics pipelines. Instead of heuristically tuning the input data resolution of individual tasks, our framework utilizes deep reinforcement learning to dynamically govern the input resolution and computation of the entire video analytics pipeline. By monitoring the impact of varying resolution on the quality of high-dimensional video analytics features, hence the accuracy of video analytics results, the proposed end-to-end optimization framework learns the best non-myopic policy for dynamically controlling the resolution of input video streams to globally optimize energy efficiency. Governed by reinforcement learning, optical flow is incorporated into the framework to minimize unnecessary spatio-temporal redundancy that leads to re-computation, while preserving accuracy. The proposed framework is applied to video instance segmentation which is one of the most challenging computer vision tasks, and achieves better energy efficiency than all baseline methods of similar accuracy on the YouTube-VIS dataset. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Graph-Based File Dispatching Protocol With D2D-Aided UAV-NOMA Communications in Large-Scale Networks

Graph-Based File Dispatching Protocol With D2D-Aided UAV-NOM...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Baoji Wang Rongqing Zhang Chen Chen Xiang Cheng Liuqing Yan State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronics School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing China school of Software Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Colorado State University CO USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728131061

ISBN: (纸本)9781728131078

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted communications are expected to become an important part of the next generation mobile communication systems, due to the high mobility of the UAVs. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is regarded as a rosy technology in the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems, since it can effectively improve the spectral efficiency. In this paper, we combine the advantages of the UAV-assisted communications and NOMA, and propose a device-to-device (D2D)-enhanced UAV-NOMA network architecture, in which D2D is introduced to increase the file dispatching efficiency. Resource reuse based on spatial reuse is also allowed to further improve the spectral efficiency. Then, we propose a graph-based file dispatching (GFD) protocol to control the interference and minimize the UAV-assisted file dispatching mission time. Simulation results verify the advantages of our proposed D2D-enhanced UAV-NOMA network architecture and the efficiency of our designed GFD protocol.

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Innovation, Research and Development in engineering Education. Activities of the Spanish Chapter of the IEEE Education Society: Directive Board of the IEEE Education Society Spanish Chapter 2020-2021

Innovation, Research and Development in Engineering Educatio...

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Technologies Applied to electronics Teaching (TAEE)

作者： Ó scar Martí nez Bonastre Cristina Ferná ndez Lluí s Vicent Francisco Mur Manuel Castro Gabriel Diaz Jose Carpio Elio Sancristobal Sergio Martin Jose Sá nchez Francisco Javier Arcega Solsona Juan Suardiaz Muro Manuel Caeiro-Rodrí guez Martí n Llamas Inmaculada Plaza Baltasar Ferná ndez Manjó n Pedro Muñ oz-Merino Edmundo Tovar Telmo Zarraonandia Ayo Javier Garcia Zubia José Antonio Delgado Pení n Department of Statistics Mathematics and Computing Science Operations Research Centre Universidad Miguel Hern&#x00E1 ndez Elche Spain Department of Electronic Technology Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Madrid Spain UPF Barcelona School of Management Barcelona Spain Department of Electrical Electronic and Control Engineering UNED Madrid Spain Department of Electrical Engineering Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain Department of Automatics Electrical Engineering and Electronic Technology Technical University of Cartagena Cartagena Spain atlanTTic Research Center University of Vigo Vigo Spain Department of Electronics and Communication Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain Department of Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Telematic Engineering Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Computer Languages and Systems and Software Engineering Universidad Polit&#x00E9 cnica de Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Computer Science and Engineering Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Electronic Engineering Universidad de Deusto Bilbao Spain Universitat Polit&#x00E8 cnica de Catalunya Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (数字)9781665421614

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421621

The Technical Committee of the CESEI (Spanish Chapter of the IEEE Education Society) is focused on the Innovation, Research and Development (I+R+D) of the education in engineering, mainly Electric and computer engineering. As in other interdisciplinary fields, the I+R+D involves several sources of information and different stakeholders, each one with its own focus and purpose. As a result, sometimes it may be complex for practitioners and researchers to identify the more appropriate entities for their interests. This paper shows how the CESEI Technical Committee tries to solve this difficulty by providing updated information regarding the main publications (journals), events (conferences) and awards to the best academic works. The paper focuses special attention on the activities held during 2020–2021.

关键词： Technological innovation Collaboration Stakeholders engineering education Research and development

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Harmonia: A high throughput B+tree for GPUs 19

Harmonia: A high throughput B+tree for GPUs

引用

24th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, PPoPP 2019

作者： Yan, Zhaofeng Lin, Yuzhe Peng, Lu Zhang, Weihua Software School Fudan University China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science Fudan University China Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics and Systems Shanghai China Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering Louisiana State University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450362252

B+tree is one of the most important data structures and has been widely used in different fields. With the increase of concurrent queries and data-scale in storage, designing an eficient B+tree structure has become critical. Due to abundant computation resources, GPUs provide potential opportunities to achieve high query throughput for B+tree. However, prior methods cannot achieve satisfactory performance results due to low resource utilization and poor memory performance. In this paper, we first identify the gaps between B+tree and GPUs. Concurrent B+tree queries involve many global memory accesses and different divergences, which mismatch with GPU features. Based on this observation, we propose Harmonia, a novel B+tree structure to bridge the gap. In Harmonia, a B+tree structure is divided into a key region and a child region. The key region stores the nodes with its keys in a breadth-first order. The child region is organized as a prefix-sum array, which only stores each node's first child index in the key region. Since the prefix-sum child region is small and the children's index can be retrieved through index computations, most of it can be stored in on-chip caches, which can achieve good cache locality. To make it more eficient, Harmonia also includes two optimizations: partially-sorted aggregation and narrowed thread-group traversal, which can mitigate memory and warp divergence and improve resource utilization. Evaluations on a TITAN V GPU show that Harmonia can achieve up to 3.6 billion queries per second, which is about 3.4X faster than that of HB+Tree [39], a recent state-of-the-art GPU solution. © 2019 Association for Computing Machinery.

关键词： Trees (mathematics)

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Hyperspectral Image Classification-Traditional to Deep Models: A Survey for Future Prospects

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ahmad, Muhammad Shabbir, Sidrah Roy, Swalpa Kumar Hong, Danfeng Wu, Xin Yao, Jing Khan, Adil Mehmood Mazzara, Manuel Distefano, Salvatore Chanussot, Jocelyn Department of Computer Science National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus Chiniot35400 Pakistan Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica-MIFT University of Messina Messina98121 Italy Pakistan The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College West Bengal 735102 India The Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100094 China The School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Fractional Signals and Systems Beijing100081 China The Institute of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Innopolis University Innopolis 420500 Russia Institute of Software Development and Engineering Innopolis University Innopolis420500 Russia The Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS Grenoble INP GIPSA-Lab Grenoble38000 France

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) has been extensively utilized in many real-life applications because it benefits from the detailed spectral information contained in each pixel. Notably, the complex characteristics i.e., the nonlinear relation among the captured spectral information and the corresponding object of HSI data make accurate classification challenging for traditional methods. In the last few years, Deep Learning (DL) has been substantiated as a powerful feature extractor that effectively addresses the nonlinear problems that appeared in a number of computer vision tasks. This prompts the deployment of DL for HSI classification (HSIC) which revealed good performance. This survey enlists a systematic overview of DL for HSIC and compared state-of-the-art strategies of the said topic. Primarily, we will encapsulate the main challenges of traditional machine learning for HSIC and then we will acquaint the superiority of DL to address these problems. This survey breakdown the state-of-the-art DL frameworks into spectral-features, spatial-features, and together spatial-spectral features to systematically analyze the achievements (future research directions as well) of these frameworks for HSIC. Moreover, we will consider the fact that DL requires a large number of labeled training examples whereas acquiring such a number for HSIC is challenging in terms of time and cost. Therefore, this survey discusses some strategies to improve the generalization performance of DL strategies which can provide some future guidelines. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Surveys

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