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Journal of International Cooperation in Education 2024年第2期26卷 153-170页

作者： Shin-pei Fu Hikaru Komatsu International Degree Program in Climate Change and Sustainable Development National Taiwan University Taipei City Taiwan On-the-Slope Kyoto Japan

Purpose The current education paradigm is often criticized for fostering human dependence and failing to reduce environmental impacts. This has led researchers to propose alternative approaches. One alternative approach, place-based education, integrates a specific location’s natural and social context into learning experiences. By deepening students’ connection to their surroundings, place-based environmental education aims to enhance students’ sense of interdependence with a place and their place attachment in cognitive and affective dimensions. While widely practiced, its effectiveness remains largely unevaluated, particularly in the East Asian context. The gap hinders the development of impactful pedagogical approaches for educators. Design/methodology/approach The authors examine a river environmental education program located upstream of Taiwan’s capital, offering a valuable case study within the East Asian context. The program’s design is analyzed, and its impact on enhancing students’ place attachment is assessed through a pre- and post-survey approach. Findings The results indicate a substantial increase in students’ place attachment following program participation, particularly pronounced among children with limited prior experience with the river. Importantly, this increase is comparable to or exceeds those observed in similar studies from other regions. Originality/value The considerable increase in place attachment observed in this program demonstrates its effectiveness in fostering environmental connections, particularly among children with limited prior experience. The magnitude of the increase might be partially attributable to the interdependent orientation of Taiwanese culture. This suggests that place-based education might yield significant positive outcomes in other non-Western countries with strong interdependent cultural orientations.

关键词： Place-based environmental education Place attachment Sense of interdependence Perspective taking River education

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Institutional frameworks for renewable energy certificates: Insights from Japan and South Korea

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Energy Reports 2025年 13卷 5792-5801页

作者： Chen, Kuan-Ting Jou, Sue-Ching International Degree Program in Climate Change and Sustainable Development National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Geography National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Policy instruments significantly shape a nation's energy transition success. Trends like green supply chains, the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), and corporate sustainability efforts have prompted market-oriented countries to adopt Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) to enhance competitiveness and meet emissions targets, especially in manufacturing-heavy economies. This study examines the functional differences among Feed-in Tariffs (FIT), Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), and REC, traces the historical development of RECs, and evaluates their implementation in Japan and South Korea using academic studies, technical reports, official documents, and grey literature. The key insights derived from the analysis are as follows. First, REC, FIT, and RPS all play critical roles in advancing energy transitions and reducing carbon emissions. However, RECs uniquely serve as a high-precision tool for corporations to calculate Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions, particularly when compared to carbon offset mechanisms. Second, the development processes and trajectories of REC systems in Japan and South Korea demonstrate that, in nations dominated by manufacturing or export-oriented industries, effective communication among international sustainability organizations, governments, and industry stakeholders facilitates the strategic alignment of policy adjustments. Third, voluntary REC markets can accelerate investments in renewable energy and incentivize corporate adoption of renewables, whereas mandatory REC markets are more effective in expanding overall market scale. Fourth, certificates have emerged as a fundamental component of a country's renewable energy policy toolkit. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Renewable energy certificates Renewable energy policy instruments Green supply chain Scope 2 carbon emissions

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change in monoterpene concentrations during winter-to-summer transition period and impact of COVID-19 lockdown at an urban site in India

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ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 2025年 350卷

作者： Malik, Tanzil Gaffar Gupta, Mansi Tripathi, Nidhi Sahu, Lokesh Kumar Phys Res Lab Space & Atmospher Sci Div Ahmadabad 380009 Gujarat India Natl Taiwan Univ Int Degree Program Climate Change & Sustainable De Taipei Taiwan Indian Inst Technol Gandhinagar Palaj 382355 Gandhinagar India Max Planck Inst Chem Dept Atmospher Chem Mainz Germany

The significance of terpenoid emissions from traffic-related and biogenic sources in urban areas of the developing world is largely unknown, mainly due to the lack of measurements. This study is based on well time-resolved continuous measurements of ambient monoterpene concentration at an urban site in western India during January-May 2020, coinciding with the winter-to-summer and COVID-19 pre-lockdown to lockdown transitions. Despite large day-to-day variations of alpha-pinene (7-76 ppt) and beta-pinene (6-55 ppt) their levels in winter were slightly higher than in summer. The trends in monoterpenes concentrations do not directly reflect the impact of enhanced biogenic contributions in summer due to counterbalancing effects of increased rates of oxidation and dilution. However, the increase of & sum;alpha+beta-pinene/& sum;BTEX ratios from 5 to 13 in winter to 61-87 ppt ppb-1 in summer highlights the impact of increased biogenic contributions at higher temperatures. The very high & sum;alpha+beta-pinene/& sum;BTEX ratios during the strict COVID-19 lockdown phases than the pre-lockdown period could be additionally attributed to the reductions of anthropogenic emissions. The estimated relative daytime biogenic contributions to alpha-pinene increased from 66 +/- 10% in January to 88 +/- 13% in May, while that of (3-pinene from 56 +/- 8% to 70 +/- 19%. Overall, depending on the season, the complex interplay between the variability in anthropogenic activities, biogenic emissions, and photochemical/meteorological factors controls the ambient air variability of monoterpenes. The study provides insights into seasonal changes in anthropogenic and biogenic contributions of atmospheric monoterpenes. The knowledge of monoterpene sources is critical to assess sec- ondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, contributing to regional climate change.

关键词： Monoterpenes Urban Biogenic Anthropogenic COVID-19 Vehicular Photochemistry

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Resource quality differentially impacts Daphnia interactions with two parasites

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ECOSPHERE 2025年第3期16卷

作者： Fearon, Michelle L. Sanchez, Kristel F. Sun, Syuan-Jyun Calhoun, Siobhan K. Monell, Kira J. Ravichandran, Varun Duffy, Meghan A. Univ Michigan Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries IG Berlin Germany Natl Taiwan Univ Int Degree Program Climate Change & Sustainable De Taipei Taiwan Univ Calif Davis Anim Behav Grad Program Davis CA USA

Resource quality can have conflicting effects on host-parasite interactions;for example, higher resource quality might increase host investment in immune function, or conversely, might permit greater parasite reproduction. Thus, anticipating the impact of changing resource quality on host-parasite interactions is challenging, especially because we often lack a mechanistic understanding of how resource quality influences host physiology and fitness to alter infection outcomes. We investigated whether there are generalizations in how resource quality affects multiple host clones' interactions with different parasites. We used the Daphnia freshwater zooplankton model system to experimentally investigate how a resource quality gradient from high-quality green algae to poor-quality cyanobacteria diets influences host fitness, physiology, and infection by two parasites: a bacterium, Pasteuria ramosa, and a fungus, Metschnikowia bicuspidata. We ran a separate experiment for each parasite using a factorial design with four diets, two Daphnia dentifera host clones, and parasite-inoculated and -uninoculated treatments (16 treatments per experiment). Diet strongly influenced infection by the fungus but not the bacterium. These relationships between diet and infection cannot be explained by changes in feeding rate (and, therefore, parasite exposure). Instead, the impact of diet on fungal infection was associated with impacts of diet on the earliest stage of infection: hosts that fed on poor quality diets had very few attacking spores in their guts. Diet did not significantly influence host immune responses. Diet influenced spore production differently for the two parasites, with reduced resource quality limiting the number of fungal spores and the size (but not number) of bacterial spores. Diet, host clone, and infection all affected host fitness. Interestingly, diet influenced the impact of the bacterium, a parasitic castrator that induces gigantism;for one clone, infected hos

关键词： cyanobacteria diet host fitness host genotype life history Metschnikowia microcystin-LR Microcystis multi-parasite parasite resistance Pasteuria phytoplankton

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Impact of Deforestation in the Maritime Continent on the Madden–Julian Oscillation

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Journal of climate 2024年第7期37卷 2247-2261页

作者： Chang, Chiung-Wen June Lo, Min-Hui Tseng, Wan-Ling Tsai, Yu-Cian Yu, Jia-Yuh Department of Atmospheric Sciences Chinese Cultural University Taipei Taiwan Department of Atmospheric Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan International Degree Program in Climate Change and Sustainable Development National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Atmospheric Sciences National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO United States

Deforestation is a major issue affecting both regional and global hydroclimates. This study investigated the effect of deforestation in the Maritime Continent (MC) on tropical intraseasonal climate variability. Using a global climate model with credible Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) simulations, we examined the effect of deforestation over the MC region by replacing the forest canopy with grassland. The results revealed that under constant orographic and land–sea contrast forcing, the modification of the canopy over the MC altered the characteristics of the MJO. We noted the amplification of the MJO and increases in wet–dry fluctuation and the zonal extent. We analyzed more than 100 MJO cases by performing K-means clustering and determined that the continuous propagation of the MJO over the MC increased from 35% in the control experiment to 61% in the deforestation experiment. This phenomenon of less blocked MJO over the MC in the deforestation run was associated with more substantial precipitation, increased soil moisture, and a suppressed diurnal cycle in land convection. Furthermore, when the MJO convection was over the Indian Ocean (IO), we observed the enhancement of low-level moisture over the MC region in the deforestation experiment. Grassland surface forcing provides a thermodynamic source for triggering instability in the atmosphere, resulting in low-level moisture convergence. The MJO exhibited a stronger energy recharge–discharge cycle in the deforestation experiment than in the control experiment, and this difference between the experiments enlarged as the MJO progressed from the IO to MC. © 2024 American Meteorological Society.

关键词： Land use

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Different management strategies exert distinct influences on microclimate of soil and canopy in tea fields through surface-atmosphere interactions

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Agricultural Water Management 2024年 291卷

作者： Wang, Siang-Heng Juang, Jehn-Yih Department of Geography National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan International Degree Program in Climate Change and Sustainable Development National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Agricultural management strategies are crucial in regulating the soil-atmosphere interaction. The crop landscape is influenced by farmers through different field practices, and further impacts the variations of soil temperature, soil moisture, and field microclimate. To examine how different management strategies affect the dynamics of canopy and soil parameters (canopy temperature, soil temperature and soil moisture) and the aforementioned interaction, two observation systems were installed in an organic-certified (ORG) tea field and a conventional (CONV) tea field in northern Taiwan. Due to the application of different field practices, the leaf area in ORG is higher. The results show that the diurnal range of canopy temperature in CONV was larger than that in ORG (7.52 °C vs 5.97 °C). However, the daily loss rate of soil water content in ORG was two times faster than that in CONV (0.97% d−1 vs. 0.45% d−1). The outcomes imply that the organic practices in this study lead to higher evapotranspiration and milder variation in temperature on the canopy scale. These findings suggest that the application of organic practice could help to mitigate the changes of microclimate in tea field. In addition, the adoption of appropriate management strategies could assist farmers in adapting to environmental fluctuations and provide quantitative references of microclimate in tea field under different agricultural applications and climatic conditions. © 2023

关键词： Evapotranspiration

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A framework for using phoresy to assess ecological transition into parasitism and mutualism

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SYMBIOSIS 2022年第2期86卷 133-138页

作者： Sun, Syuan-Jyun Univ Michigan Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Natl Taiwan Univ Int Degree Program Climate Change & Sustainable D Taipei 10617 Taiwan

Phoresy is commonly considered to be a commensal interaction, in which one species hitches a ride upon a different species for dispersal among resource patches. Despite being ubiquitous, phoretic interactions are poorly investigated, limiting our current understanding of its ecological and evolutionary consequences. Furthermore, phoresy can be a precursor for different types of symbiotic interactions, including parasitism, yet empirical tests for this long-standing hypothesis are rare. Using burying beetles and their phoretic mites as a model phoresy, I review and synthesise the ecological processes driving the transition of commensalism to parasitism and/or mutualism. I argue that density-dependent effects, resource availability, life history stage, and community context all play significant roles, both during and after the transportation stage. Understanding how these factors drive variation in interaction outcomes in rapidly changing environments presents one of the major challenges in evolutionary ecology. Finally, I highlight some important future directions and research areas that will advance our understanding of the ecology and evolution of phoresy and symbiotic interactions as a whole.

关键词： Interspecific interactions Burying beetles Phoretic mites Mutualism Parasitism

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Distinct Effect of the Warming Trend on Extreme Mei-Yu Rainfall in June and July over East Asia: Perspectives from Observation and Simulation

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JOURNAL OF climate 2025年第3期38卷 689-700页

作者： Huang, An-yi Hong, Chi-cherng Chen, Chao-an Hsu, Huang-hsiung Tseng, Wan-ling Hsu, Pei-chun Lo, Min-hui Chiang, Jun Univ Taipei Dept Earth & Life Sci Taipei Taiwan Oregon State Univ Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci Corvallis OR 97330 USA Natl Sci & Technol Ctr Disaster Reduct New Taipei Taiwan Acad Sinica Anthropogen Climate Change Ctr Res Ctr Environm Changes Taipei Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Int Degree Program Climate Change & Sustainable De Taipei Taiwan Natl Chung Hsing Univ Acad Circular Econ Taichung Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Atmospher Sci Taipei Taiwan

The record mei-yu rainfall occurred in the Yangtze-Huai River valley (YHRV) and Japan regions in the early summer (June-July) of 2020 and devastated these regions. Whereas several studies had been devoted to the physical processes behind this climate extreme, the impact of the upward trend in the ocean and atmosphere was less investigated. In this study, the potential effect of the linear trend on the mei-yu rainfall extreme was assessed by comparing the 2020 event with a 1998 extreme event. The distinction between June and July was the focus. In June, a significant increasing rainfall trend, accompanied by an enhanced low-level southwesterly, was identified over south China. The linear trend of precipitation also contributed substantially to the total mei-yu rainfall in 2020, which was not observed in 1998. The moisture flux budget indicates that the climatological moisture transport by the linear trend of southwesterly contributes substantially to the extreme rainfall. In contrast to June, the mei-yu rainfall in July over YHRV, accompanied by a low-level easterly trend, showed a decreasing trend. Consequently, the linear trend does not contribute to the extreme rainfall. The numerical experiments, consistent with observations, indicated that the sea surface temperature (SST) warming trend contributed to the extreme mei-yu rainfall in June. This effect was not observed in July.

关键词： Atmosphere Atmosphere-ocean interaction Atmospheric circulation Large-scale motions Extreme events Trends

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Microphysical Perturbation Experiments and Ensemble Forecasts on Summertime Heavy Rainfall over Northern Taiwan

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WEATHER AND FORECASTING 2022年第9期37卷 1641-1659页

作者： Chen, Jen-Ping Tsai, Tzu-Chin Tzeng, Min-Duan Liao, Chi-Shuin Kuo, Hung-Chi Hong, Jing-Shan Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Atmospher Sci Taipei Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Int Degree Program Climate Change & Sustainable D Taipei Taiwan Acad Sinica Res Ctr Environm Changes Taipei Taiwan Cent Weather Bureau Taipei Taiwan

Microphysical perturbation experiments were conducted to investigate the sensitivity of convective heavy rain simulation to cloud microphysical parameterization and its feasibility for ensemble forecasts. An ensemble of 20 perturbation members differing in either the microphysics package or process treatments within a single scheme was applied to simulate 10 summer-afternoon heavy-rain convection cases. The simulations revealed substantial disagreements in the location and amplitude of peak rainfall among the microphysics-package and single-scheme members, with an overall spread of 57%-161%, 66%-161%, and 65%-149% of the observed average rainfall, maximum rainfall, and maximum intensity, respectively. The single-scheme members revealed that the simulation of heavy convective precipitation is quite sensitive to factors including ice-particle fall speed parameterization, aerosol type, ice particle shape, and size distribution representation. The microphysical ensemble can derive reasonable probability of occurrence for a location-specific heavy-rain forecast. Spatial-forecast performance indices up to 0.6 were attained by applying an optimal fuzzy radius of about 8 km for the warning-area coverage. The forecasts tend to be more successful for more organized convection. Spectral mapping methods were further applied to provide ensemble forecasts for the 10 heavy rainfall cases. For most cases, realistic spatial patterns were derived with spatial correlation up to 0.8. The quantitative performance in average rainfall, maximum rainfall, and maximum intensity from the ensembles reached correlations of 0.83, 0.84, and 0.51, respectively, with the observed values. Significance StatementHeavy rainfall from summer convections is stochastic in terms of intensity and location;therefore, an accurate deterministic forecast is often challenging. We designed perturbation experiments to explore weather forecasting models' sensitivity to cloud microphysical parameterizations and the f

关键词： Cloud microphysics Ensembles Cloud parameterizations Mesoscale models

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Competition among host-specific lineages of Poecilochirus carabi mites influences the extent of co-adaptation with their Nicrophorus vespilloides burying beetle hosts

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Ecology and Evolution 2024年第1期14卷 e10837页

作者： Sun, Syuan-Jyun Kilner, Rebecca M. Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom International Degree Program in Climate Change and Sustainable Development National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Reciprocal selection between symbiotic organisms and their hosts can generate variations in local adaptation between them. Symbionts often form species complexes with lineages partially adapted to various hosts. However, it is unclear how interactions among these lineages influences geographic variation in the extent of host-symbiont local adaptation. We addressed this shortcoming with experiments on burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides and their specialist phoretic mite Poecilochirus carabi in two adjacent woodlands. Burying beetles transport these mites to vertebrate carrion upon which they both reproduce. P. carabi appears to be a species complex, with distinct lineages that specialise on breeding alongside different Nicrophorus species. We found that in one wood (Gamlingay Woods), N. vespilloides carries a mixture of mite lineages, with each lineage corresponding to one of the four Nicrophorus species that inhabits this wood. However, two burying beetle species coexist in neighbouring Waresley Woods and here N. vespilloides predominantly carries the mite lineage that favours N. vespilloides. Mite lineage mixing alters the degree of local adaptation for both N. vespilloides and the P. carabi mites, affecting reproductive success variably across different woodlands. In Gamlingay, mite lineage mixing reduced N. vespilloides reproductive success, while experimentally purifying mites lineage enhanced it. The near pure lineage of vespilloides mites negligibly affected Waresley N. vespilloides. Mite reproductive success varied with host specificity: Gamlingay mites had greatest reproductive success on Gamlingay beetles, and performed less well with Waresley beetles. By contrast, Waresley mites had consistent reproductive success, regardless of beetle's woodland of origin. We conclude that there is some evidence that N. vespilloides and its specific mite lineage have coadapted. However, neither N. vespilloides nor its mite lineage adapted to breed alongside other mi

关键词： burying beetles host–parasite interactions local adaptation mites population divergence reciprocal transplant

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