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The Effect of Agenda-Setting on Occurrence of Echo Chamber on Social Media

Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 2024年第6期39卷

作者： Nagura, Takuya Akiyama, Eizo Degree Programs in System and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Japan Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Japan

Echo chamber refers to a state in which individuals with similar preferences on social media construct closed networks and consume similar information reflectively. This is one of the causes to prevalent fake news and conspiracy on social media. Previous research has shown that echo chamber is prevented in communication where there are multiple topics. However, even though communication across multiple topics is common in daily social media use, echo chamber is still occurring on various topics. In this paper, we suggest the presence of agenda-setting as a potential background factor for occurrence of echo chamber from communication on multiple topics. Agenda-setting is the concept that topics frequently present to users are regarded as significant agendas. In this study, we experimented with multi-agent simulations to investigate the communication among agents who assess the significance of specific topics based on the frequency of encountering them. Our result shows that if a specific topic is recognized as significant by many users, users construct closed networks as echo chamber on the opinion of significant topic. We also conducted another experiment to verify the effect of agenda setting by mass media coverage. In this experiment, a specific topic came to be perceived as significant by many users, but echo chambers did not occur regarding significant topic. © 2024, Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

关键词： Social networking (online)

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The effect of increasing number of topics to polarization and echo chambers on SNS

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Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 2023年第4期38卷

作者： Nagura, Takuya Akiyama, Eizo Degree Programs in System and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Japan Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Japan

Communication through SNS (Social Networking Services) and function of SNS platform can cause two phenomena polarization and echo chambers. In previous study [sasahara 21] about the communication on SNSs regarding a single topic, it has been shown that there is a correlation between these two phenomena and also that SNS functions facilitate the occurrence of these phenomena. In this study, focusing on the fact that real SNS users often deal with multiple topics on a daily basis, we analyzed an agent-based model of SNS communication regarding multiple topics. The analysis revealed that polarization of opinions occurs even when the number of topics increases but that echo chambers are less likely to occur as the number of topics increases. We have also found that there is little correlation between polarization and echo chamber under the condition with more than certain number of topics. Additionally, some functions of SNS such as user recommendations and reposts was found to facilitate echo chambers regardless of the number of topics. This result implies that the findings of previous research are robust even in multiple topics environment. These results suggest that topic diversity and function of SNS platform amendment may be a means of reducing the occurrence of echo chambers. In this model, we cannot take into account the impact of an individual’s interest in a specific topic on such as unfollowing behavior. In future research, we should expand our model to implement these user’s real behavior. © 2023, Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polarization

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Meeting the information Assurance Crisis in the U.S. Now

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EDPACS 2006年第6期28卷 1-14页

作者： Corey Schou Deborah Frincke Charles Reynolds James Frost The Associate Dean of Information Systems Programs at Idaho State University (ISU) in Pocatello and the director of the Center for Decision Support. Currently he serves as the Chair of the National Colloquium on Information System Security Education. Schou also directs the ISU National Center of Excellence in Information Assurance Education and the ISU Technology Innovation Center. Contact Corey Schou one of the authors of this article and the Chair of the NCISSE by email at Schou@*** for help in finding additional ways to address the issues raised in this article. A member of the University of Idaho College of Engineering faculty. She graduated from the University of California at Davis. Frincke is the co-director and co-founder of the university's Center for Secure and Dependable Software (CSDS). She was the program chair for the 2nd International Workshop on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (RAID). A professor of Computer Science at the College of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University in Harrisonburg Virginia. He holds a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Texas at Austin and a BA in philosophy from the University of Houston. Reynolds is the Director of Information System Security Education at James Madison University. Since 1997 Reynolds has led the development of the first remote Internet-based curriculum that leads to an M.S. degree in computer science with a concentration in information security. Thus far 160 students have completed this program. A professor of computer information systems at Idaho State University and the manager of its Simplot Decision Support Center.

T he only difference etween evolution and revolution is the speed at which each occurs.

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MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS AS APPLIED TO MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第4期104卷 101-102页

作者： JACOBS, KS ELFONT, M PROCACCINO, V Mark Elfont Ph.D:. is head of the Engineering Analysis Staff at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station (NAVSSES). At NAVSSES Dr. Elfont developed the Ships Machinery Analysis and Reporting Technique (SMART) System that utilizes direct access to the Ships 3-M database to calculate the fleet performance of HM&E systems. The SMART process is an automated approach to performance trending and offers the in-service engineers and life cycle managers cost effective information on the performance of equipments and systems in the actual fleet environment. Prior to coming to NAVSSES Dr. Elfont was at the Naval Air Development Center (NADC) for 18 years with most of his service as program manager for various avionic weapon system developments. Dr. Elfont also spent three years as the business manager of a private telecommunication firm. Vincent Procaccino:is the measures of effectiveness coordinator within the Performance and Business Indicators Section of the Equipment Assessment and Alteration Department Naval Ship System Engineering Station (NAVSSES). Mr. Procaccino is responsible for developing processes and techniques for determining the effectiveness of condition assessment efforts primarily the Assessment of Equipment Condition (AEC) program. NAVSSES is the Navy's in service engineering agent for HM&E equipment and is currently pursuing several programs which are in the process of evaluating condition assessment of HM&E systems. The efforts include continuous on-line monitors and expert system applications. Prior to arriving at NAVSSES in December 1988 Mr. Procaccino received a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from Penn State University in August of 1987. He then worked as a project engineer for a small manufacturing firm until his arrival at NAVSSES.

Recent developments in surface ship maintenance strategies have been advanced on the promise of achieving reduced maintenance costs and improving the availability of shipboard systems. Included in the melange of proposed solutions are the Phased Maintenance Concept, Condition Based Maintenance, Expert system Diagnostics, as well as many other variations of these notions. As programs are initiated to evaluate prototype systems, or in some cases install production units, it is crucial that effective measurement procedures be instituted to determine to what extent the respective program goals and objectives are achieved. This paper explores various data sources that offer potential application to evaluation of advanced maintenance concept effectiveness. Also examined are data analysis and reporting techniques to clearly identify the benefits gained from those activities. The authors feel that it is important that the process of effectiveness evaluation, while remaining an objective process, become a part of the maintenance process itself. Maximum use of existing databases and in-place data collection procedures is advocated.

关键词： Naval Vessels

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AN EVALUATION OF ENERGY-CONSERVATION APPROACHES FOR SURFACE SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 252-263页

作者： RAINS, DA STILES, HR HO, SPK Dr. Dean A. Rains Director of Advanced Programs and IRBD. Ingalls Shipbuilding Division Litton Industries Pascagoula Miss. has been an active member of ASNE since 1970. a frequent contributor to the Naval Engineers Journal and a participant at ASNE Day meetings as both an Author and a Discusser. He is an Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics has twenty-three years experience in the field of Naval Engineering and is a graduate of the California Institute of Technology from which he received his B.S. degree (1950) and his M.S. degree (1952). both in Mechanical Engineering. and his Ph.D. degree (1954) in Mechanical Engineering and Mathematics. Mr. H. Richard Stiles graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1965. Prior to leaving the naval service in 1970 he was designated as a Naval Aviator and authored two Patents one for an aircraft optical glide slope reference system and the second for an intercommunications system for air traffic control. As an author he has had technical papers published by SNAME — “Planning Hull Structure” — and by the Offshore Technology Conference — “A Fourth Generation Crewboat.” At the present time he serves as an Engineering Specialist for the Hull Technical Department at Ingalls Shipbuilding Division. Mr. Stephen P.K. Ho is also with Ingalls Shipbuilding Division where since 1970 he has worked on various phases of naval engineering and advanced studies. He received both his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1958 and 1959 respectively. and prior to joining Ingalls Shipbuilding Division also worked with other Marine Firms in ship design particularly in computer applications to Preliminary Design the Construction Process and the Management Information System. Besides ASNE which he joined in January 1980. he is a member of SNAME.

Lower Fleet operating costs and independence from foreign fossil fuel resources are the goals of energy conservation efforts for Navy surface ship. This paper describes an evaluation of a wide variety of energy conservation approaches. A standard 20-knot, 300-hour Destroyer mission is established so that all of the approaches can be compared on a total fuel required basis. The approaches studied include use of aluminum hull construction; light weight machinery; trail-shaft or cross-connect operation for twin screw ships; improved performance propulsors; advanced power plant types, such as COGAS or cruise engines; use of energy storage techniques to improve ship service generator performance; electrical load reductions; improved performance ship service generators; hull drag reductions; crew size reductions; design margin reduction; reduced performance requirement (such as top speed); and habitability standard reductions. The overall results can be effected by reductions in range requirements as well. Mission duration was held constant at 45 days throughout the study. The results of the study indicate that the combination of these various possible improvements may reduce the fuel used to be as low as one-third of the current levels. Weight reductions are very effective for achieving significant fuel savings.

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CIRCUIT-BREAKER SHOCK TESTING - INDIVIDUAL COMPONENT TESTS AND APPARATUS MOUNTED TESTS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 172-195页

作者： BURDETTE, AW DAVES, TM YKEMA, JI Arthur W. Burdette:is an electrical engineer with David Taylor Research Center working in the power distribution systems branch where he has been employed since 1986. He received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland in 1988. He was given an award for outstanding work on a mechanical engineering system design project from ASME in May 1988. Mr. Burdette is a member of ASNE IEEE ASME and the Navy League. Ted M. Daves:is president of Hi-Test Laboratories Inc. a position he has held since 1975. Mr. Daves has devoted his professional career to the Navy Shock Survivability Testing Programs to support shock qualification research on hull mechanical and electrical and combat systems for both surface ships and submarines. Mr. Daves has been involved in several full-scale shock testing programs including the USSJohn F. Kennedy(CV-67) USSKidd(DDG-993) USSYorktownCG-48) and USSOmaha(SSN-692). Mr. Daves has considerable hands-on experience in light weight medium weight and heavy weight shock and vibration testing programs. Mr. Daves conducted shock survivability mechanical inspection and evaluation surveys on the RACER heat recovery steam generator system for the DDG-51 the chilled water system for CVN-71 and replacement distillers for DDG-963. Mr. Daves received his B.S. degree in industrial technology from Western Carolina University in 1970. He is a member of ASME IES Shock and Vibration Information Center and ADPA. John I. Ykema:is vice president and chief technical officer at SPD Technologies Philadelphia Penn. He has served in various capacities within SPD (formerly I-T-E) since 1955. He served for three years (1951–1954) with NavSea (formerly Bu-Ships) engineering electrical power systems for aircraft carriers and cruisers. Mr. Ykema received his M.S. degree in electrical power systems engineering from ITT in 1955 after which he joined I-T-E Circuit Breaker Company in Philadelphia Penn. having various assignments on circuit breakers switchgear relays transformers

The integrity of circuit breakers in a shock environment is essential to the survivability of naval combatant ships. A momentary disruption of power due to the opening of circuit breakers can disable essential combat systems equipment for a substantial period of time relative to the required response time of these systems. Even with the ongoing effort to provide shock hardened circuit breakers, the record indicates that shock integrity has been a continuing area of concern during ship shock trials. An historical review is provided of the efforts which have been undertaken to improve the shock resistance characteristics of circuit breakers and of the circuit breaker mounting structures (i.e., in switchboards or panelboards). Circuit breakers have exhibited varying shock resistance characteristics when tested individually versus when tested as an integral member of a switchboard or panelboard, therefore, a comparison is provided of the shock testing specification requirements of circuit breakers tested as components and of the assemblies into which they are commonly mounted. The differences are analyzed to postulate possible causes for the inconsistency of shock qualified circuit breakers when shock tested in their operating environment. An analysis is provided of the similarities and differences of shock impacts on circuit breakers when tested as components and when tested in a switchgear or panelboard assembly. Two series of tests were conducted, one involving circuit breakers in a panelboard and the other involving circuit breakers in a switchboard. The analysis compares the acceleration-time histories, velocity, displacements, and the shock spectrum derived therefrom. Of particular interest is the mounting structure of circuit breakers when shock tested as components and the interaction of the switchboard structure with the circuit breakers under shock impacts. Recommendations are provided for improvements in specifications, for improvements in the design of the a

关键词： Electric Circuit Breakers

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COMPUTER AIDS FOR SHIP DESIGN, INTEGRATION AND CONTROL

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 73-87页

作者： CARLSON, CM JOHNSON, RA HELMING, FW Mr. Craig M. Carlson received his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1970 and began his career with the Department of the Navy at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). In 1972. he returned to the University of Michigan under the NAVSEC Long Term Training Program and received his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. After returning to the Ship Arrangements Branch at NAVSEC. he was assigned as Task Leader for General Arrangements for the PGG PCG PHM. and MCM ship designs and was awarded Outstanding Performance Awards in 1974 and 1975. In addition he was Manager of the Arrangement Subsystem of the Navy's Computer-Aided Ship Design and Construction Program (CASDAC). In October 1979. he became Manager of the CASDAC Hull Design System. Currently. he also is enrolled in the M.S. of Computer Science Program at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson previously has presented technical papers at ASNE Day 1974 and 1978 as well as at the 1979 DOD Manufacturing Technology Advisory Group Conference. Besides ASNE. which he joined in 1972. he is a member of SNAME. ASE. and the U.S. Naval Institute. Mr. Robert A. Johnson is a Naval Architect in Surface Combatants Design (SEA 03D3). Ship Design Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received an Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959. his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965. and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970. all from the Pennsylvania State University. In 1973. he was selected for the NA VSEC Hull Division s Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan subsequently receiving his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his career with the Ordnance Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he worked. on the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow induced structural vibrations. In 1967 he joined HRB-Singer at State Colle

This paper presents an integrated approach to Computer-Aided Ship Design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull Design system (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship Designer and Design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computer science.

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THE CALLING(SM) NETWORK - A GLOBAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION-system

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第1期12卷 45-61页

作者： TUCK, EF PATTERSON, DP STUART, JR LAWRENCE, MH Calling Communications Corporation. 1900 West Garvey Ave South. Suite 200 West Covina CA 91790 USA. Chairman of Calling Communications Corporation. He is also the Managing Director of Kinship Venture Management Inc. the general partner of Kinship Partners 11 and a General Partner of Boundary the general partner of The Boundary Fund. As a venture capitalist he has founded or participated in founding several telecommunications companies including Calling Communications Corporation Magellan Systems Corporation manufactures of Global Positioning System receivers Applied Digital Access manufacturer of DS-3 test access and network performance monitoring equipment Endgate Technology Corporation specialists in satellite phased array antennas and Poynting Systems Corporation. now a division of Reliance Corporation manufacturers of fibre optic transport equipment. He was a founder of Kebby Microwave Corporation where he invented the first solid-state. frequency-modulated commercial microwave link system. The company was acquired by ITT Corporation where he rose to the position of V.P. and Technical Director of ITT North America Telecommunications Inc. Subsequently he was V.P. of Marketing and Engineering at American Telecommunications Inc. (ATC). He was founding Director of American Telecom Inc. a joint venture between ATC and Fujitsu and has served on more than 20 boards of directors including those of three public companies. He has authored articles on microwave engineering and telephone signalling and was a contributor to Reference Data For Radio Engineers. He is a graduate of the University of Missouri at Rolla where he was later awarded an honorary Professional degree and serves on its Academy of Electrical Engineering. Mr Tuck is a Senior Member of the IEEE a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (Australia) a Professional Member of the AIAA and a registered professional engineer in three states. More than 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry where he has been responsibl

There is a very large demand for basic telephone service in developing nations, and remote parts of industrialized nations, which cannot be met by conventional wireline and cellular systems. This is the world's largest unserved market. We describe a system which uses recent advances in active phased arrays, fast-packet switching technology, adaptive routeing, and light spacecraft technology, in part based on the work of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and on recently-declassified work done on the Strategic Defense Initiative, to make it possible to address this market with a global telephone network based on a large low-Earth-orbit constellation of identical satellites. A telephone utility can use such a network to provide the same modern basic and enhanced telephone services offered by telephone utilities in the urban centres of fully-industrialized nations. Economies of scale permit capital and operating costs per subscriber low enough to provide a service to all subscribers, regardless of location, at prices comparable to the same services in urban areas of industrialized nations, while generating operating profits great enough to attract the capital needed for its construction. The bandwidth needed to support the capacity needed to gain these economies of scale requires that the system use K(alpha)-band frequencies. This choice of frequencies places unusual constraints on the network design, and in particular forces the use of a large number of satellites. Global demand for basic and enhanced telephone service is great enough to support at least three networks of the size described herein. The volume of advanced components, and services such as launch services, required to construct and replace these networks is sufficient to propel certain industries to market leadership positions in the early 21st Century.

关键词： LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS FAST PACKET SWITCHING EARTH FIXED CELLS ADAPTIVE ROUTEING LIGHT SPACECRAFT K(A) BAND PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS

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HYBRID SATELLITE AND TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第3期12卷 313-327页

作者： CHITRE, DM SHYY, DJ EPHREMIDES, A GUPTA, S COMSAT Laboratories 22300 Comsat Drive Clarksburg MD 20871–9475 USA. Received his B.Sc. from the University of Bombay India an M.A. in mathematics from the University of Cambridge U.K. and a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Maryland. He is currently an Associate Executive Director of the Network Technology Division at COMSAT Laboratories. He has been involved in research and development activities in ISDN VSAT networks data communications and network systems and architectures. Prior to his current positions Dr. Chitre was a Principal Scientist in the Network Technology Division at COMSAT Laboratories. Dr. Chitre joined COMSAT Laboratories in 1980. He has made major contributions to the analysis and architecture of data communication ISDN and BISDN via satellite. Dr. Chitre directs and participates in the international and national standards activities in ISDN BISDN and data communication as they apply to satellite communication. He was Chairman of the Working Group on Protocols and Network Timing Function of the CCIR/CCITT Joint Ad Hoc Group on ISDN/Satellite Matters during 1990–1992. Currently he is the Chairman of the Working Group on New Technologies in the ITU Intersector Coordinating Group (ICG) on Satellite Matters. Dr. Chitre was a programme manager during 1990 and 1991 on a contract from INTELSAT on systems studies on satellite communications systems architectures for ISDN and broadband ISDN systems. Currently he is the technical manager of the DoD Contract on ATM via satellite demonstration and the programme manager for the INTELSAT contract on analysis and top-level specification of INTELSAT ISDN subnetworks and SDH compatible transport network. Received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from national Chiao-Tung University Hsin-Chu Taiwan in 1983 and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA in 1986 and 1990 respectively. From June 1987 to October 1987 he worked for the Department of Neurology Emory Univers

The role of satellite communications in networks that provide new services, such as frame relay and multimedia, is investigated. Both passive and active (on-board switching/processing) satellite systems are considered. Novel techniques are developed for each system to demonstrate, via detailed analysis and simulation, how the communications bandwidth agility of multipoint/broadcast satellite channels, and the on-board switching/processing, makes it feasible to provide these new services via hybrid satellite and terrestrial networks in a resource-efficient manner.

关键词： HYBRID NETWORKS ON-BOARD PROCESSING FRAME RELAY

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