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Fast Exploration of the Impact of Precision Reduction on Spiking Neural Networks

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Saeedi, Sepide Carpegna, Alessio Savino, Alessandro di Carlo, Stefano Control and Computer Eng. Dep. Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy

Approximate Computing (AxC) techniques trade off the computation accuracy for performance, energy, and area reduction gains. The trade-off is particularly convenient when the applications are intrinsically tolerant to some accuracy loss, as in the Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) case. SNNs are a practical choice when the target hardware reaches the edge of computing, but this requires some area minimization strategies. In this work, we employ an Interval Arithmetic (IA) model to develop an exploration methodology that takes advantage of the capability of such a model to propagate the approximation error to detect when the approximation exceeds tolerable limits by the application. Experimental results confirm the capability of reducing the exploration time significantly, providing the chance to reduce the network parameters' size further and with more fine-grained results. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Neural networks

Spiker: an FPGA-optimized Hardware acceleration for Spiking Neural Networks

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Carpegna, Alessio Savino, Alessandro di Carlo, Stefano Control and Computer Eng. Dep. Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are an emerging type of biologically plausible and efficient Artificial Neural Network (ANN). This work presents the development of a hardware accelerator for a SNN for high-performance inference, targeting a Xilinx Artix-7 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The model used inside the neuron is the Leaky Integrate and Fire (LIF). The execution is clock-driven, meaning that the internal state of the neuron is updated at every clock cycle, even in absence of spikes. The inference capabilities of the accelerator are evaluated using the MINST dataset. The training is performed offline on a full precision model. The results show a good improvement in performance if compared with the state-of-the-art accelerators, requiring 215µs per image. The energy consumption is slightly higher than the most optimized design, with an average value of 13mJ per image. The test design consists of a single layer of four-hundred neurons and uses around 40% of the available resources on the FPGA. This makes it suitable for a time-constrained application at the edge, leaving space for other acceleration tasks on the FPGA. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

Effects of the variation of the dielectric constant for a periodic, width-modulated microstrip line based sensor

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Effects of the variation of the dielectric constant for a pe...

作者： Matekovits, Ladislau Peter, Ildiko Podilchak, Symon K. Freundorfer, Alois P. Esselle, Karu Antar, Yahia M. M. Dep. of Elettronics Politecnico di Torino C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy Electronic Engineering Macquarie University Sydney NSW2109 Australia Dep. of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Politecnico di Torino C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy Dep. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Royal Military College of Canada 13 General Crerar Crescent Kingston ON K7K 7B4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424449682

Real-time monitoring and quantification of any physical, chemical, and/or mechanical variations within a given environment may be useful for different science and engineering systems. For instance, these type of sensors can monitor variations in temperature, gas-concentration [1], oil contamination [2], etc., and should be low cost, compact and lightweight. One methodology for such devices can be the monitoring of the sensors' electric response due to a particular stimulus from the environment under watch. In addition, these sensors should allow the observation and quantization of even small variations from a nominal value, especially in critical applications, including those related to security. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Real time systems

Enhancement of SA algorithm by intelligent time schedule

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Enhancement of SA algorithm by intelligent time schedule

作者： Shojaee, K.G. Behnam, M.T. Shakouri, H.G. Rezaei, M. Dep. of Electrical and Computer Eng. University of Tehran Tehran Iran Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Dep. of Industrial Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Dep. of Mechanical and Aerospace Eng. Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9787894631046

In this paper we present a glancing review of how to define the time schedule of Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm in different articles that applied them to solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP). In the following subjects we introduce a new definition of this concept in relation to other parameters. In other word, we claim a novel description of initial temperature, Markov chain and final temperature to the basic algorithm of SA that gives an introduction to New Time Schedule Simulated Annealing (NTSSA). In this method, the dynamic coincidence of time schedule parameters and temperature conditions is a possible happening among the searching process. In continuation we present the obtaining results of proposed algorithm in solving TSP in comparison with basic methods of SA and other intelligent optimization methods. The surprising improvement in results obtained by this approach shows the efficiency of NTSSA in contrast with other basic optimization methods.

关键词： Simulated annealing

PSP Framework: A novel risk assessment method in compliance with ISO/SAE-21434

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Oberti, Franco Sanchez, Ernesto Savino, Alessandro Parisi, Filippo Carlo, Stefano di Control and Computer Eng. Dep. Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy PUNCH Softrontix Torino Italy

more cars connect to the internet and other devices, the automotive market has become a lucrative target for cyberattacks. This has made the industry more vulnerable to security threats. As a result, car manufacturers and governments are working together to reduce risks and prevent cyberattacks in the automotive sector. However, existing attack feasibility models derived from the information technology field may not always provide accurate assessments of the potential risks faced by Vehicle Electronic control Units in different operating conditions and domains. This paper introduces the PUNCH Softronix and politecnico di torino (PSP) framework to address this issue. This framework is designed to provide accurate assessments compatible with the attack feasibility models defined by the automotive product security standards. The PSP framework utilizes social sentiment analysis to evaluate the real threat risk levels. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Vehicle safety

PSP Framework: A novel risk assessment method in compliance with ISO/SAE-21434

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PSP Framework: A novel risk assessment method in compliance ...

International Conference on dep.ndable Systems and Networks Workshops (DSN-W)

作者： Franco Oberti Ernesto Sanchez Alessandro Savino Filippo Parisi Stefano di Carlo Control and Computer Eng. Dep. Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy PUNCH Softrontix Torino Italy

As more cars connect to the internet and other devices, the automotive market has become a lucrative target for cyberattacks. This has made the industry more vulnerable to security threats. As a result, car manufacturers and governments are working together to reduce risks and prevent cyberattacks in the automotive sector. However, existing attack feasibility models derived from the information technology field may not always provide accurate assessments of the potential risks faced by Vehicle Electronic control Units in different operating conditions and domains. To address this issue, This paper introduces the PUNCH Softronix and politecnico di torino (PSP) framework. This framework is designed to provide accurate assessments compatible with the attack feasibility models defined by the automotive product security standards. The PSP framework utilizes social sentiment analysis to evaluate the real threat risk levels.

关键词：

Navigating the road to automotive cybersecurity compliance

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Navigating the road to automotive cybersecurity compliance

IEEE Symposium on On-Line Testing (IOLTS)

作者： Franco Oberti Fabrizio Abrate Alessandro Savino Filippo Parisi Stefano di Carlo Control and Computer Eng. Dep. Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Dumarey Softronix Torino Italy Dumarey Automotive Torino Italy

ISBN: (数字)9798350370553

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370560

Modern vehicles are now part of a complex digital ecosystem, leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cloud computing for enhanced safety, efficiency, and user experience. However, this digital integration has introduced significant cy-bersecurity challenges, including data protection, unauthorized access prevention, and user privacy. As vehicles become more vulnerable to cyber-attacks, the industry must implement robust cybersecurity measures. Regulations like the UN’s UNR155 and UNR156 establish stringent cybersecurity requirements, demanding comprehensive manage-ment systems, regular updates, and continuous testing to counter evolving threats. These regulations under score the importance of cybersecurity in automotive safety. Future automotive cybersecurity will dep.nd on developing advanced protections and collaboration among manufacturers,policymakers, and cybersecurity experts to ensure innovation and security in an interconnected digital world.

关键词： Industries Technological innovation Vehicle safety Companies Regulation User experience computer security

Navigating the road to automotive cybersecurity compliance

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Oberti, Franco Abrate, Fabrizio Savino, Alessandro Parisi, Filippo Carlo, Stefano di Control and Computer Eng. Dep. Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Dumarey Softronix Torino Italy Dumarey Automotive Torino Italy

Modern vehicles are now part of a complex digital ecosystem, leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cloud computing for enhanced safety, efficiency, and user experience. However, this digital integration has introduced significant cybersecurity challenges, including data protection, unauthorized access prevention, and user privacy. As vehicles become more vulnerable to cyber-attacks, the industry must implement robust cybersecurity measures. Regulations like the UN’s UNR155 and UNR156 establish stringent cybersecurity requirements, demanding comprehensive management systems, regular updates, and continuous testing to counter evolving threats. These regulations underscore the importance of cybersecurity in automotive safety. Future automotive cybersecurity will dep.nd on developing advanced protections and collaboration among manufacturers, policymakers, and cybersecurity experts to ensure innovation and security in an interconnected digital world. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Cybersecurity

RIIF-2: Toward the next generation reliability information interchange format

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RIIF-2: Toward the next generation reliability information i...

IEEE Symposium on On-Line Testing (IOLTS)

作者： A. Savino S. di Carlo A. Vallero G. Politano D. Gizopoulos A. Evans Dep. of Control and Computer Engineering Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Department of Informatics and Telecommunications University of Athens Athens Greece IROC Technologies Grenoble France

ISBN: (纸本)9781509015085

This paper describes the joint effort of the two FP7 EU projects CLERECO and MoRV toward the definition of an extended reliability information exchange format able to manage reliability information for the full system stack, from technology up to the software level. The paper starts from the RIIF language initiative, proposing a set of new features to improve the expression power of the language and to extend it to the software layer of a system. The proposed extended reliability information exchange format named RIIF-2 has the potential to support the development of next generation reliability analysis tools that will help to fully include reliability evaluation into an automated design flow, pushing cross-layer reliability considerations at the same level of importance as area, timing and power consumption when performing design exploration for new products.

关键词： Software reliability Reliability engineering Integrated circuit reliability Random access memory Software Hardware