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HViTML: Hybrid vision transformer with machine learning-based classification model for glaucomatous eye

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-24页

作者： Singh, Piyush Bhushan Singh, Pawan Dev, Harsh Batra, Devanshu Chaurasia, Brijesh Kumar Department of Information Technology Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Babu Banarasi Das University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India

Glaucoma is currently one of the most significant causes of permanent blindness. Fundus imaging is the most popular glaucoma screening method because of the compromises it has to make in terms of portability, size, and cost. In recent years, convolution neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized computer vision. Convolution is a "local" CNN technique that is only applicable to a small region surrounding an image. Vision Transformers (ViT) use self-attention, which is a "global" activity since it collects information from the entire image. As a result, the ViT can successfully gather distant semantic relevance from an image. This study examined several optimizers, including Adamax, SGD, RMSprop, Adadelta, Adafactor, Nadam, and Adagrad. With 1750 Healthy and Glaucoma images in the IEEE fundus image dataset and 4800 healthy and glaucoma images in the LAG fundus image dataset, we trained and tested the ViT model on these datasets. Additionally, the datasets underwent image scaling, auto-rotation, and auto-contrast adjustment via adaptive equalization during preprocessing. The results demonstrated that preparing the provided dataset with various optimizers improved accuracy and other performance metrics. Additionally, according to the results, the Nadam Optimizer improved accuracy in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the IEEE dataset by up to 97.8% and in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the LAG dataset by up to 92%, both of which were followed by auto rotation and image resizing processes. In addition to integrating our vision transformer model with the shift tokenization model, we also combined ViT with a hybrid model that consisted of six different models, including SVM, Gaussian NB, Bernoulli NB, Decision Tree, KNN, and Random Forest, based on which optimizer was the most successful for each dataset. Empirical results show that the SVM Model worked well and improved accuracy by up to 93% with precision of up to 94% in the adaptive equalization preprocess

关键词： Decision trees

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Analysis of community question-answering issues via machine learning and deep learning:State-of-the-art review

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence technology 2023年第1期8卷 95-117页

作者： Pradeep Kumar Roy Sunil Saumya Jyoti Prakash Singh Snehasish Banerjee Adnan Gutub Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information TechnologySuratIndia Indian Institute of Information Technology DharwadIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of TechnologyPatnaIndia The York Management School University of YorkYorkUK Computer Engineering Department College of Computer&Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia

Over the last couple of decades,community question-answering sites(CQAs)have been a topic of much academic *** have often leveraged traditional machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)to explore the ever-growing volume of content that CQAs *** clarify the current state of the CQA literature that has used ML and DL,this paper reports a systematic literature *** goal is to summarise and synthesise the major themes of CQA research related to(i)questions,(ii)answers and(iii)*** final review included 133 *** research themes include question quality,answer quality,and expert *** terms of dataset,some of the most widely studied platforms include Yahoo!Answers,Stack Exchange and Stack *** scope of most articles was confined to just one platform with few cross-platform *** with ML outnumber those with ***,the use of DL in CQA research is on an upward trajectory.A number of research directions are proposed.

关键词： answer quality community question answering deep learning expert user machine learning question quality

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A Novel Hybrid Architecture for Superior IoT Threat Detection through Real IoT Environments

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第11期81卷 2299-2316页

作者： Bassam Mohammad Elzaghmouri Yosef Hasan Fayez Jbara Said Elaiwat Nisreen Innab Ahmed Abdelgader Fadol Osman Mohammed Awad Mohammed Ataelfadiel Farah H.Zawaideh Mouiad Fadeil Alawneh Asef Al-Khateeb Marwan Abu-Zanona Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyJerash UniversityJerash26150Jordan Computer Engineering Department College of Engineering&Information Technology Buraydah CollegesBuraydah51418Saudi Arabia Faculty of Architecture and Design Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityDiriyahRiyadh13713Saudi Arabia Applied College King Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Business Intelligence and Data Analysis Faculty of Financial Sciences and BusinessIrbid National UniversityIrbid21110Jordan Faculty of Information Technology Ajloun National UniversityAjlun26810Jordan Department of Management Information Systems College of Business AdministrationKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia

As the Internet of Things(IoT)continues to expand,incorporating a vast array of devices into a digital ecosystem also increases the risk of cyber threats,necessitating robust defense *** paper presents an innovative hybrid deep learning architecture that excels at detecting IoT threats in real-world *** proposed model combines Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BLSTM),Gated Recurrent Units(GRU),and Attention mechanisms into a cohesive *** integrated structure aims to enhance the detection and classification of complex cyber threats while accommodating the operational constraints of diverse IoT *** evaluated our model using the RT-IoT2022 dataset,which includes various devices,standard operations,and simulated *** research’s significance lies in the comprehensive evaluation metrics,including Cohen Kappa and Matthews Correlation Coefficient(MCC),which underscore the model’s reliability and predictive *** model surpassed traditional machine learning algorithms and the state-of-the-art,achieving over 99.6%precision,recall,F1-score,False Positive Rate(FPR),Detection Time,and accuracy,effectively identifying specific threats such as Message Queuing Telemetry Transport(MQTT)Publish,Denial of Service Synchronize network packet crafting tool(DOS SYN Hping),and Network Mapper Operating System Detection(NMAP OS DETECTION).The experimental analysis reveals a significant improvement over existing detection systems,significantly enhancing IoT security *** our experimental analysis,we have demonstrated a remarkable enhancement in comparison to existing detection systems,which significantly strength-ens the security standards of *** model effectively addresses the need for advanced,dependable,and adaptable security solutions,serving as a symbol of the power of deep learning in strengthening IoT ecosystems amidst the constantly evolving cyber threat *** achievemen

关键词： A hybrid deep learning model IoT threat detection real IoT environments cybersecurity attention mechanism

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Deep Transfer Learning Models for Mobile-Based Ocular Disorder Identification on Retinal Images

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 139-161页

作者： Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun Joseph Bamidele Awotunde Hakeem Babalola Akande Cheng-Chi Lee Agbotiname Lucky Imoize Department of Multimedia Engineering Kaunas University of TechnologyKaunas44249Lithuania Department of Computer Science Landmark UniversityOmu Aran251103Nigeria Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information and Communication SciencesUniversity of IlorinIlorin240003Nigeria Department of Telecommunication Science University of IlorinIlorin230003Nigeria Department of Library and Information Science Fu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei City24205TaiwanChina Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Fintech and Blockchain Research CenterAsia UniversityTaichung City41354TaiwanChina Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of LagosAkokaLagos100213Nigeria Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Institute of Digital CommunicationRuhr UniversityBochum44801Germany

Mobile technology is developing *** phone technologies have been integrated into the healthcare industry to help medical ***,computer vision models focus on image detection and classification ***2 is a computer vision model that performs well on mobile devices,but it requires cloud services to process biometric image information and provide predictions to *** leads to increased *** biometrics image datasets on mobile devices will make the prediction faster,but mobiles are resource-restricted devices in terms of storage,power,and computational ***,a model that is small in size,efficient,and has good prediction quality for biometrics image classification problems is *** pre-trained CNN(PCNN)MobileNetV2 architecture combined with a Support Vector Machine(SVM)compacts the model representation and reduces the computational cost and memory *** proposed novel approach combines quantized pre-trained CNN(PCNN)MobileNetV2 architecture with a Support Vector Machine(SVM)to represent models efficiently with low computational cost and *** contributions include evaluating three CNN models for ocular disease identification in transfer learning and deep feature plus SVM approaches,showing the superiority of deep features from MobileNetV2 and SVM classification models,comparing traditional methods,exploring six ocular diseases and normal classification with 20,111 images postdata augmentation,and reducing the number of trainable *** model is trained on ocular disorder retinal fundus image datasets according to the severity of six age-related macular degeneration(AMD),one of the most common eye illnesses,Cataract,Diabetes,Glaucoma,Hypertension,andMyopia with one class *** the experiment outcomes,it is observed that the suggested MobileNetV2-SVM model size is *** testing accuracy for MobileNetV2-SVM,InceptionV3,and MobileNetV2 is 90.11%,86.88%,a

关键词： Retinal images ocular disorder deep transfer learning disease identification mobile device

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Expressive sign language system for deaf kids with MPEG-4 approach of virtual human character

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2024年 1-15页

作者： Ali, Itimad Raheem Kolivand, Hoshang Faculty of Business Informatics University of Information Technology and Communications Baghdad Iraq Department of Computer Science Liverpool Jone Moores University Liverpool United Kingdom

Children with language impairments during their significant developmental periods within ‎childhood are exposed to cognitive risk, social impairments, along with language. This is difficult ‎with children born deaf from hearing parents who own little or no experience of communicating ‎in sign language. This system presents the sign language in the context of British ‎Sign Language (BSL) for producing utterances through virtual characters. In capturing, Kinect ‎sensors use a motion capture sensor for motion actors. The connection uses sensors to read data, ‎connect to high-quality 3D scans, and then use these high-quality scans of the animated MPEG-4 ‎face and hand models. The main challenges of this system are the simultaneous capture of data ‎for the whole hand and the development of the MPEG-4 approach considering the animation ‎engines with descriptive sign language features. After synchronizing motion data from motion ‎capture results with Kinect, the combined hand character adjusts points, frames, and time with ‎virtual characters based on the motion of character actors. This study demonstrates the skills of ‎this sign language system instrumental in presenting an assessment by users, highlighting the ‎importance of the hand part in creating new accents and signs in BSL. We have validated this ‎system by testing the reliability and functionality of the virtual characters.‎. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Audition

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RT-PPS: Real-time privacy-preserving scheme for cloud-hosted IoT data

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Journal of High Speed Networks 2025年第1期31卷 71-89页

作者： Elhoseny, Mohamed Riad, Khaled College of Computing and Informatics University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates Faculty of Computers and Information Mansoura University Mansoura35516 Egypt Computer Science Department College of Computer Sciences & Information Technology King Faisal University Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia Mathematics Department Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig44519 Egypt

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing network of devices that can communicate with each other and with cloud-based services. These devices generate vast amounts of data that can be used to provide valuable insights into user behavior, environmental conditions, and other important factors. However, as this data is collected and processed by cloud-hosted services, there is a growing concern about privacy and security. Without adequate protection, sensitive information could be exposed to hackers or other malicious actors, putting both individuals and organizations at risk. To address this challenge, real-time privacy-preserving techniques can be used to protect IoT data without compromising its value. This paper introduces an efficient Real-time privacy-preserving scheme (RT-PPS) for cloud-hosted IoT data. RT-PPS employs multi-authority attribute-based encryption on a hybrid cloud environment to keep data secure and private, while still allowing it to be processed and analyzed by cloud-hosted services. RT-PPS has efficient response time and resource consumption, which gives it the ability to handle a huge number of concurrent users at the same time without notable delay. The proposed RT-PPS has been validated through extensive experimental evaluation on a variety of configurations. Moreover, the proposed scheme has been computationally compared with the state-of-the-artwork. RT-PPS has shown excellent performance, effectiveness, and efficiency. The RT-PPS encryption time for a 1 GB dataset while considering 1024 slices is approximately 1000 ms. Also, the RT-PPS decryption time for a 1 GB ciphertext while considering 1024 slices are approximately 235 ms. Finally, RT-PPS is proven secure against any polynomial-time attacks and their variations that have at most a negligible advantage in the introduced security model. Moreover compared to most of the state-of-the-artwork, RT-PPS reduced the ciphertext size and lowered the computations in the encryption, key g

关键词： Ciphertext

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Designing an Ultrasonic-Assisted Machining System by Using a Network Mapping Fusion–Convolutional Neuro-Fuzzy Network Model

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IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2024年第7期20卷 1-12页

作者： Lin, Cheng-Jian Jhang, Jyun-Yu Lin, Xue-Qian the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung 411030 Taiwan the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung 404336 Taiwan

In the field of machining, product quality must meet customer specifications. In general, surface roughness is an essential indicator of machining quality. Low surface roughness correlates with increased fatigue strength and corrosion resistance. However, the main factor that affects surface roughness is the selection of the machining parameters. When different parameters are combined, the resulting machining quality varies. Therefore, to achieve the desired machining quality, appropriate machining parameters must be selected. In this study, an ultrasonic-assisted machining system (UAMS) was designed to help users determine the machining parameters and machine SiC materials. To establish a prediction model for surface roughness, a novel network mapping fusion (NMF) convolutional neuro-fuzzy network (CNFN) model was used in the designed UAMS. The differential evolution algorithm was then used to search for optimized machining parameters. To explain the prediction model, which can help analyze the factors that have the greatest influence on surface roughness, a Shapley additive explanations method is proposed. The proposed NMF–CNFN model was more accurate than were the other deep learning models and exhibited a MAPE of 1.98%. When optimized machining parameters were selected, the desired surface roughness was obtained, thereby confirming the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed UAMS. Moreover, the proposed model was implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to reduce its power consumption and increase its computational performance. Experimental results indicated that the computational speed of the FPGA was 99.64%and 99.16%higher than those of the CPU and GPU, respectively. IEEE

关键词： Convolutional neuro-fuzzy network (CNFN) differential evolution (DE) algorithm neuro-fuzzy network Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) ultrasonic-assisted machining system (UAMS)

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A Novel VGG-XGB Model for the Comprehensive Detection and Classification of Apple Leaf Diseases Using Transfer Learning 3

A Novel VGG-XGB Model for the Comprehensive Detection and Cl...

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3rd International Conference on Trends in Electrical, Electronics and computer Engineering, TEECCON 2024

作者： Shakila, A. Joice Saravanan, S. Annamalai University Department of Computer and Information Science Tamilnadu Chidambaram India Annamalai University Faculty of Science Department of Computer and Information Science Tamilnadu Chidambaram India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505714

The vital role of growing apples in global farming, both for their nutritional and economic power, shows the need to tackle diseases hitting apple orchards. Using technology, especially computer-aided diagnosis systems, offers a great way to boost the spotting and sorting of diseases. This gives big gains to the farmers by upping the quality and yield of their apples. Bringing tech progress to protect apple orchards from diseases ensures a steady flow of top-notch apples for folks worldwide. This helps the Apple business grow & flourish. Pursuing technological advancements in farming, especially through computer-aided diagnosis systems, represents a significant technological breakthrough and a critical step toward ensuring the sustainability and productivity of apple farming. The goal of this research is to implement a comprehensive approach to the detection and classification of diseases in apple leaves. This proposed methodology incorporates the Wiener filter for noise removal, which boosts image clarity and adaptive thresholding for segmenting the images to find the infected areas. The VGG-16 model helps to extract the key features from the images, and XG-Boost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) is used to closely sort the different apple leaf diseases. Together, these advanced techniques have hit an impressive accuracy rate of 95.90%, showing how good this integrated approach is at boosting disease management strategies for apple orchards. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Fruits

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Enhancing User Trust and Interpretability in AI-Driven Feature Request Detection for Mobile App Reviews: An Explainable Approach

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 114023-114045页

作者： Gambo, Ishaya Massenon, Rhodes Lin, Chia-Chen Ogundokun, Roseline Oluwaseun Agarwal, Saurabh Pak, Wooguil Obafemi Awolowo University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ile-Ife220282 Nigeria National Chin-Yi University of Technology Department of Information Computer Science and Information Engineering Taichung411 Taiwan Kaunas University of Technology Department of Centre of Real Time Computer Sciences Kaunas44249 Lithuania Landmark University Department of Computer Science Omu-Aran251103 Nigeria Yeungnam University Department of Information and Communication Engineering Gyeongsan38541 Korea Republic of

Mobile app developers struggle to prioritize updates by identifying feature requests within user reviews. While machine learning models can assist, their complexity often hinders transparency and trust. This paper presents an explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach that combines advanced explanation techniques with engaging visualizations to address this issue. Our system integrates a bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model with attention mechanisms, enhanced by Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). We evaluate this approach on a diverse dataset of 150,000 app reviews, achieving an F1 score of 0.82 and 89% accuracy, significantly outperforming baseline Support Vector Machine (F1: 0.66) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) (F1: 0.72) models. Our empirical user studies with developers demonstrate that our explainable approach improves trust (27%) when explanations are provided and correct interpretation (73%). The system's interactive visualizations allowed developers to validate predictions, with over 80% overlap between model-highlighted phrases and human annotations for feature requests. These findings highlight the importance of integrating explainable AI into real-world software engineering workflows. The paper's results and future directions provide a promising approach for feature request detection in app reviews to create more transparent, trustworthy, and effective AI systems. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile applications

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Dynamic Resource Utilization Prediction Model for Cloud Datacenter

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IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics 2025年第2期55卷 307-331页

作者： Bliedy, Doaa Khafagy, Mohamed H. Badry, Rasha M. Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Fayoum University Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Fayoum University Egypt

Much research has been done on predicting resource utilization in the cloud to avoid over- and under-provisioning resources. Most existing systems focus on estimating the utilization of one or two resources at most, including memory, CPU, storage, network, or servers dedicated to cloud applications;they do not consider the correlation between resources. A maximum of one or two machine learning algorithms is employed for prediction purposes. Additionally, traditional prediction methods in the cloud provide a one-dimensional output. Most current solutions predict resources, such as memory and CPU utilization, as a single output. Unfortunately, a one-dimensional output in resource provision and usage cannot capture the relationship between the application requirements of different resources, such as CPU, memory, CPU cores, disk, and network;this results in incomplete and inaccurate information and prediction results. Efficient resource allocation and management require predicting several parameters using multivariate state variables. This study presents a multi-resource utilization prediction model that uses several machine learning approaches, such as support vector regression, random forests, MLP regression, neural networks (NN) using Adam and SGD optimizers, and decision tree regression. The prediction model is based on univariate and multivariate time series. Google cluster trace data is used to evaluate the work. Four experiments are executed on the dataset, seeking to predict the resources for different time series interval periods. The various algorithms’ mean absolute errors (MAE), root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error and R-squared are compared to determine which technique achieves the lowest error rate. The experimental results have shown that the prediction model yields better accuracy than previous research. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Prediction models

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