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18th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference, IB2MaC 2024

作者： Palmieri, Davide Ottaviano Wang, Peixuan Rizzo, Fabio Milani, Gabriele Foti, Dora Department of Architecture Construction and Design Polytechnic University of Bari Bari Italy Department of Architecture Built Environment & Construction Engineering ABC Polytechnic University of Milan Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031733130

Among historic masonry buildings, some might be constructed with different masonry materials for many reasons. Such buildings are characterized by various difficulties associated with the numerical modelling for structural behaviour evaluation purposes. This is evident since current standards do not provide sufficient explanation on the numerical modelling techniques, whilst they suggest using different methods without ensuring the required refinement of the model itself. The differences between the two masonry materials in terms of physical and mechanical properties of the "mixed" masonry buildings might provoke certain collapse mechanisms which are affected by the modelling techniques. In this paper, a typical case study was examined, a former cinema from the 1950s, built by a stone masonry for the lower part and a brick masonry for the upper one, with a concrete frame in between. In particular, a comparison is made between a traditional pushover, performed on a brick-element FE model with Mohr-Coulomb rupture criterion, while in the second case, a limit analysis was implemented on the same model, where the structure is discretized by means of infinitely rigid resistant triangle elements with plastic admissibility allowed only at the interface between the various elements, for a limit analysis of local kinematics. The present work aims to highlight the differences in the structural response resulting from the variant modelling methods by means of uncertainty sensitivity analysis, since the standards focus more on the analysis method rather than the modelling technique. Thus, the final objective of the work is uncertainty about the response estimate. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Brick

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Multi-Vehicle Collaborative Trajectory Planning Based on Kaldor-Hicks Improvement

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IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and engineering 2025年 22卷 12512-12525页

作者： Rong, Donglei Yao, Wenbin Yang, Chengcheng Bai, Congcong Jin, Sheng Institute of Intelligent Transportation Systems College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Hong Kong Zhejiang Sci-Tech University School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Hangzhou310018 China Chalmers University of Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Gothenburg412 96 Sweden Zhongyuan Institute Zhejiang University Zhengzhou450000 China

This paper employs lateral and longitudinal trajectory planning to generate candidate trajectories and discards those that do not satisfy the constraints imposed by single-vehicle conditions. Next, a collaborative trajectory combination set for multiple vehicles is derived from the candidate trajectories, with multi-vehicle constraints applied to eliminate combinations that fail to meet the required conditions. The objective function for each candidate trajectory set is first calculated using a single-vehicle objective function, after which a multi-vehicle objective function based on the Kaldor-Hicks improvement principle is constructed. Finally, the paper introduces an improved particle swarm optimization method for multi-vehicle collaborative trajectory planning. The results demonstrate that the dynamic spatiotemporal occupancy growth rate, under varying planning times and frequencies, is at least 19%. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm ensures efficient allocation of travel resources, preventing competition among vehicles that could compromise system feasibility. When verified with HighD trajectory data, the algorithm not only delivers superior optimization results but also exhibits lower standard deviations in dynamic spatiotemporal occupancy and speed compared to real-world data. Finally, the algorithm’s superiority in real-time decision-making and stability is confirmed. Note to Practitioners—In the context of mixed traffic comprising both autonomous and human-driven vehicles, this paper tackles the challenge of coordinating autonomous vehicles to improve traffic efficiency and safety in real-time environments. It presents a promising approach to enhancing cooperative behavior in complex scenarios by integrating real-time data streams to optimize adaptability and ensure equitable driving efficiency across different vehicle types. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Trajectories

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Seismic Retrofitting Techniques for Masonry Infills: A Review of Existing Design Strategies 18th

Seismic Retrofitting Techniques for Masonry Infills: A Revie...

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18th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference, IB2MaC 2024

作者： Gao, Yuewen Milani, Gabriele Department of Architecture Built Environment and Construction Engineering Politecnico di Milano Milan20133 Italy Department of Civil Engineering Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute Yangzhou225127 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031733130

Damage and collapse of masonry infills are widely observed in earthquakes. It is also found that the economic losses caused by the failure of masonry infill walls, such as repair or reconstruction costs of walls, equipment damage, and functional loss of the buildings, may even far exceed those caused by structural members. The primary objective of this paper is to present a general review of the different kinds of interventions carried out to protect the infills not only preventing the in-plane damage but also improving out-of-plane stability. Besides, as far as the state of the art is concerned, a taxonomy of the interventions is proposed, and the advantages and limitations of each group of interventions are discussed. Lastly, a preliminary conception of a new preservation system made by eco-sustainable regenerated rubber is proposed, not only to prevent damage that occurs in infills but also to limit costs and facilitate installation. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Walls (structural partitions)

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Investigating the Seismic Performance of RC Buildings Using Nonlinear Incremental Dynamic Analysis 33rd

Investigating the Seismic Performance of RC Buildings Using ...

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33rd International Conference on Organization and Technology of Maintenance, OTO 2024

作者： Leti, Marsed Bidaj, Altin Ormeni, Rrapo Bilgin, Hüseyin Faculty of Architecture and Engineering Department of Civil Engineering EPOKA University Tirana Albania Department of Mechanics of Structures Engineering Polytechnic University of Tirana Tirana Albania Academy of Sciences of Albania Tirana Albania

ISBN: (纸本)9783031805967

The seismic performance of premodern buildings, which were often constructed without contemporary seismic codes, is critical due to the potential catastrophic consequences of earthquakes. Persistent updates to seismic codes aim to reduce structural vulnerabilities and risks, especially in seismically active regions, by incorporating the latest research and empirical data. This study applies modern Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) to an old, reinforced concrete (RC) building designed using premodern codes in Albania. This building was implemented as a template project across various locations in the country which represents a significant risk due to its continued use in our seismically active region frequently affected by earthquakes. The study provides a detailed methodology for applying IDA based on current guidelines and coherent studies. The building is modeled as 2D frames in both orthogonal directions using ZEUS-NL software. IDA curves are derived from 20 ground motion records, with 5% damped first mode spectral acceleration, (Sa(T1,5%)) as the intensity measure (IM) and maximum global drift ratio (ϴmax) as the damage measure (DM). Limit states are defined according to FEMA 356 standards. The IDA curves are then categorized into 16th, 50th and 84th percentiles, as recommended in the literature. Final results provide statistical data on the vulnerability of the building based on the IM and DM parameters selected for this study. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Seismic response

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Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Churches in Bondeno: A Comparative Analysis of Damage Indices 5th

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Churches in Bond...

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5th International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions, PROHITECH 2025

作者： Longobardi, Giovanna Milani, Gabriele Formisano, Antonio Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture University of Naples "Federico II" Piazzale Tecchio 80 Naples80125 Italy Department of Architecture Built Environment and Construction Engineering ABC Polytechnic of Milan Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milan20133 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031873119

This paper investigates the seismic assessment of twenty-three masonry churches located in Bondeno (district of Ferrara, Italy), following the devastating earthquake in May 2012, which resulted in significant casualties and widespread damage to both industrial and historic structures. Many of these historical buildings, including churches, abbeys, palaces, and bell towers, are vital components of the region’s cultural heritage and urgently needed consolidation to reduce their seismic vulnerability and prevent further losses. The study compares three damage indices derived from distinct approaches to assess the seismic vulnerability of the churches. The first approach uses a simplified mechanical model as outlined in the Italian Guidelines for Cultural Heritage (IGCH). The second method employs the AeDES form, which is utilized for damage estimation in the aftermath of earthquakes. The third approach involves a kinematic analysis of various typical macro-elements identified within the church structures. Data for these assessments were collected using the CARTIS Church form, developed by the PLINIVS research centre in collaboration with the Italian Civil Protection department, to characterize the typological and structural aspects of these ecclesiastical buildings. A comparative analysis of the three indices was conducted, demonstrating the effectiveness of the simplified method in predicting damage to the churches. However, the study notes that further validation is needed to establish the general reliability of this approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Religious buildings

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Enhancing Seismic Resilience and Energy Efficiency in Historic Masonry Buildings: The MIL15.s Retrofit System 2nd

Enhancing Seismic Resilience and Energy Efficiency in Histor...

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2nd GIMC-SIMAI Workshop for Young Scientists, 2024

作者： Longobardi, Giovanna Formisano, Antonio Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture School of Polytechnic and Basic Sciences University of Naples "Federico II" Piazzale Tecchio 80 Naples80125 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031765902

In Italy, a significant portion of the existing building stock consists of masonry structures that are often in poor condition due to inadequate maintenance over time. Consequently, it is crucial to intervene in order to prevent further loss of life during seismic events, which have already caused substantial damage to these buildings. Additionally, these older masonry structures tend to have thermal inefficiencies, with high energy dispersions from indoor environments caused by various factors. The current research proposes an integrated retrofit system designed to simultaneously enhance both the seismic and energy performance of existing structures. This system comprises metal exoskeletons made of an aluminium alloy, complemented by the insertion of sandwich panels. The investigated solution, known as MIL15.s and developed by the Italian company TM Group S.r.l., was also subjected to experimental tests during my Ph.D. studies at the polytechnic University of Timişoara. Specifically, a preliminary test was conducted on a masonry panel both before and after consolidation using the proposed retrofit technique, demonstrating its effectiveness against out-of-plane mechanisms. Future research will involve a second phase of experimental tests incorporating additional components of the system, as the preliminary phase only evaluated the contribution of the base profiles. Furthermore, numerical simulations of various case studies will be conducted to assess the overall impact of the seismic—energy retrofit on the performance of existing structures. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Retrofitting

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Novel Aluminium Alloy Exoskeleton for Seismic Upgrading of a Typical Historical Masonry Clustered Building in Southern Italy 18th

Novel Aluminium Alloy Exoskeleton for Seismic Upgrading of a...

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18th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference, IB2MaC 2024

作者： Longobardi, Giovanna Di Chicco, Roberta Formisano, Antonio Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture School of Polytechnic and Basic Sciences University of Naples Federico II Piazzale Tecchio 80 Naples80125 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031733093

Most of unreinforced masonry buildings stand in aggregate configuration, representing a huge percentage of Italian existing construction stocks. These edifices were built in continuity one to each other during the slow expansions occurred in the past centuries. Since they were conceived to resist only gravity loads and due to their actual advanced state of decay, they are very vulnerable to earthquakes. For these reasons, their seismic vulnerability assessment and the consequential retrofitting interventions are a pressing need, which represents a challenging issue in the engineering field both for the lack of detailed information about their constitutive structural units and the complexity of the numerical modelling approaches. In this paper, the seismic appraisement of a typical historical clustered masonry building placed in Southern Italy is discussed. Firstly, a short introduction regarding the historical, geometrical and structural features of the case study is carried out. Once collected these data, static non—linear analyses are performed to obtain capacity curves. Based on the achieved results, an innovative aluminium alloy coating system, consisting of metal exoskeletons integrated with thermo—insulating panels, is proposed for the seismic upgrading of the aggregate. Subsequently, pushover analyses on the strengthened FE model of the clustered building are carried out, highlighting the effectiveness of this innovative retrofitting technique. Finally, the study is concluded by plotting the mechanical—based fragility curves for each structural units, before and after the intervention, so to observe the reduction of the observed damage level produced by the used integrated coating system. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Retrofitting

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Predicting the cooling and heating loads of energy efficient buildings: a hybrid machine learning approach

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Cluster Computing 2025年第5期28卷 1-18页

作者： Khastar, Seyedehraziyeh Bashirizadeh, Farahnaz Jafari-Asl, Jafar Safaeian Hamzehkolaei, Naser School of Built Environment Massey University Auckland New Zealand Faculty of Art and Architecture Saba Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman*** Iran Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 999077 Hong Kong Department of Civil Engineering Bozorgmehr University of Qaenat Qaen Iran

Accurate prediction of heating load (HL) and cooling load (CL) in residential buildings is essential for efficient building energy management. In this study, a hybrid machine learning (ML) model is developed to estimate the HL and CL of the energy efficient residential buildings from eight input parameters: the relative compactness, the roof area, wall area, surface area, glazing area, the overall height, the orientation, and the glazing area distribution. This is a novel model based on the multi-output radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) optimized using mountain gazelle optimizer (MGO). The performance of MGO-RBFNN is then compared with two metaheuristics based RBFNN models, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Genetic algorithm (GA), and benchmarked against generalized regression neural network, extreme learning machine, and a gradient based RBFNN. The results show that the proposed multi-output optimized RBFNN models considerably improved both the training and testing accuracy performance of the original RBFNN. The MGO-RBFNN model (testing performance: determination coefficient (R2) of 0.99 and 0.97;root mean squared (RMSE) error of 0.84, and 3.09;and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.90, and 13.02, respectively, for HL and CL) outperformed both the PSO and GA-optimized RBFNN, and other compared ML models. The relevancy factor analysis demonstrated that building energy consumption is positively correlated with relative compactness, roof area, glazing area, overall height, and glazing area distribution, whereas orientation, wall area, and surface area have a negative effect on it. Moreover, overall height and relative compactness are the most influential variables affecting building energy consumption. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Hotels

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In vitro modeling of fluid dynamics in the left and right coronary arteries during rest and exercise conditions

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Experiments in Fluids 2025年第6期66卷 1-18页

作者： Mousavi, Seyyed Mahmoud Zitti, Gianluca Brocchini, Maurizio Department of Construction Civil Engineering and Architecture Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona Italy

Accurate understanding and simulation of coronary artery perfusion are crucial for assessing the heart function under varying cardiac workloads. This is particularly important given that sudden cardiac death (SCD) events have been observed during intense physical activity, not only in individuals with congenital coronary anomalies but also in healthy individuals. In response, we developed a novel in vitro laboratory setup to study the fluid dynamics of the left (LCA) and right (RCA) coronary arteries, using an anatomically accurate model of a healthy human aortic root and ascending aorta under different workloads. A key achievement is the simultaneous measurement of pressure in the left ventricle (LV), aorta (Ao), LCA, and RCA, along with flow rates in both coronary arteries. This is the first study to provide high-resolution, simultaneous in vitro data on pressure and flow values in coronary arteries under both rest and exercise conditions. During rest, the aortic pressure waveform decreases linearly, while during exercise, it displays a secondary diastolic peak. This distinctive aortic pressure feature during exercise is reflected in the coronary fluid dynamics, highlighting differences in the mechanisms of rest and exercise conditions. The RCA pressure closely mirrors the aortic pressure under all conditions, but the LCA pressure shows a secondary diastolic peak during exercise, phase-shifted by $$\sim 0.2T$$ from the cardiac cycle. This peak arises from a backward propagating pressure wave from its distal part, generated by myocardium contraction loads. Our findings highlight the amplified interaction of incident and reflected waves during exercise, making LCA perfusion highly sensitive to wave dynamics.

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Assessment of 3D Models of Rural Buildings Using UAV Images: A Comparison of NeRF, GS and MVS-SFM Methods

Assessment of 3D Models of Rural Buildings Using UAV Images:...

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International Mid-Term Conference of the Italian Association of Agricultural engineering, MID-TERM AIIA 2024

作者： Chiappini, Stefano Marcheggiani, Ernesto Pierdicca, Roberto Choudhury, Md Abdul Department of Construction Civil Engineering and Architecture Marche Polytechnic University Ancona Italy Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences Marche Polytechnic University Ancona Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031842115

The ongoing Industry 4.0 revolution is reshaping the construction sector, emphasising the growing importance of digital technologies for knowledge management. This transition is supported by Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems), promoting sustainable development and environmental protection. Through 3D modelling, geomatics enhances spatial data analysis with improved speed and precision. However, the high cost of terrestrial laser scanners necessitates more economical alternatives. This study contributes to defining an acquisition process across different platforms by presenting an innovative approach for 3D documentation of a barn and manure pit. The method combines images from a DJI Mavic Enterprise 3 drone with a GNSS-RTK antenna. Additionally, the study compares the accuracy and final product of Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) and Gaussian Splatting (GS) methods, using drone acquisition as the validation reference. The results show that NeRF and GS are similar in accuracy and produce a realistic final product but limited to the barn and manure pit retaining wall coverage. The volume calculation depends on the point density generated on the ground based on the number of shots and different angles. This paper has implications for the inventory of rural buildings and associated structures, offering an effective method for generating 3D models in the agricultural field. This technology can quickly document and evaluate the available space within agricultural structures, providing new insights into possible alternative uses and efficiencies. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Agricultural robots

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