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Finding out: A system for providing rapid and reliable answers to questions in the construction sector

Construction Innovation 2006年第4期6卷 250-261页

作者： Robert, JeanMarc Moulet, Lucie Lizarralde, Gonzalo Davidson, Colin H. Nie, JianYun da Sylva, Lyne Polytechnic School of Montreal Department of Mathematics and Industrial Engineering Montreal Quebec Canada School of Architecture University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada Department of Computer Science and Operations Research University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada School of Library and Information Science University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada

The construction sector is notorious for the dichotomy between its intensive use of information in its decisionmaking processes and its limited access to, and insufficient use of, the pertinent information that is potentially available, e.g. on the internet. This paper seeks to examine this issue. To solve this problem (the ‘problem of information aboutinformation’), a multidisciplinary team developed an online questionanswering (Q.A.)system that uses natural language for the query and the reply. The system provides a direct answer to questions posed by building industry participants, instead of providing a list of references (as is the case with most online information retrieval systems), much as if onewere asking a question of, and receiving a response from, an *** has the capabilitiesto process questions in natural language, to find appropriate fragments of answers indifferent web sites and to condense them into a paragraph, also written in natural language. The main features of the system are that it uses domainspecific knowledge (in the form ofa hierarchical specialized thesaurus complemented by terms of fieldwork parlance),semantic categorization, a database of filtered and indexed web sites, and an online interface that is adapted to different profiles of actors in the construction sector. The testing process shows that the system goes beyond the lists of references and links provided by traditional search engines on the *** Q.*** already gives 70% of satisfactory answers. The Q.*** can be applied to other business domains apart from information retrieval and decisionmaking in the building sector. It is also possible to apply it to the exploitation of inhouse knowledge management database. © 2006, Emerald Group Publishing Limited

关键词： 4 userinterfaces construction industry information retrieval internet query languages

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Dynamic Model of BIPV System for Performance Prediction

Dynamic Model of BIPV System for Performance Prediction

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World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion

作者： King-hang Lam Josie Close Edward Wc Lo Department of Architecture University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Electrical Engineering Polytechnic University Hung Hom China

ISBN: (纸本)1424400163

The intermittent property of photovoltaic (PV) system requires some sort of energy storage or supplement to supply the similarly intermittent load demand. It can be achieved by connecting the PV generated electricity to the utility grid, or by energy storage device like battery. Either of these means would, to certain extent, affect the electrical network stability if not designed properly. An accurate supply and load forecast would also be a useful tool in ensuring the system stability and reliability when the supply and load can be predicted with higher accuracy. Furthermore, artificial intelligence could play an important role here when the controllable supply and loads can be regulated to promote energy efficiency and system stability. With the precise knowledge of the efficiency characteristics of different PV technologies, including those newly commercialised ones, the simulation of dynamic model of energy output from a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system can be achieved as an indispensable part of the building energy management system (BEMS) in providing necessary control mechanism for the energy demand within the building. When the effect of exposure to weather on the system performance is considered as well, the dynamic model shall be able to adjust itself over time when the system components are degrading and the weather patterns changing. This concept of feedback loop is adopted as the basis of the dynamic model to realize its adaptive ability to learn through previous experience

关键词： Predictive models Building integrated photovoltaics Stability Energy storage Photovoltaic systems Solar power generation Joining processes Mesh generation Power generation Batteries

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Computationally efficient neural predictive control based on a feedforward architecture

Computationally efficient neural predictive control based on...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： M. Kuure-Kinsey R. Cutright B.W. Bequette Isermann Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA Research & Systems Architecture Plug power Inc. Latham NY USA

A new strategy for integrating system identification and predictive control is proposed. A novel feedforward neural network architecture is developed that allows the nonlinearity to be mapped onto a linear time varying term. The linear time varying neural network model is augmented with a Kalman filter to provide unmeasured disturbance estimation and compensation for model uncertainty. The structure of the model lends itself naturally to a neural predictive control formulation. The computational requirement of this strategy is significantly lower than that of optimization of the nonlinear neural network model, with comparable control performance, as illustrated on a challenging nonlinear chemical reactor with input multiplicity

关键词： Predictive control Computer architecture Neural networks Feedforward neural networks Predictive models Optimal control Nonlinear systems Biology computing Power engineering computing Biological control systems

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FEM analysis of axial compressive bearing capacities of cut cold-formed steel stub columns with c-section

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Wuhan Ligong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Wuhan University of Technology 2006年第7期28卷 71-74页

作者： Lam, Siu-Shu Chuang, Kwok-Fai Wang, Xiao-Ping Department of Civil and Structural Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hum Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

Cutting roll-formed steel C-section to stub columns will produce different extents of cross section distortion along the length and cause additional initial geometric imperfections. Considering material nonlinear, geometric nonlinear and initial geometric imperfections, the axial compressive bearing capacities and failure modes were analyzed with finite element method for cut stub columns with two kinds of C-section. The analysis results were compared with the compressive testing data of the cut stub columns, showing that the failure modes of the two flanges were obvious distortional mode, while those of the webs were local buckling failures. The geometric imperfections caused by cutting reduced the ultimate strength of the fixed-ended stub columns by 7%∼11%.

关键词： Axial compressive bearing capacity C-section Cold-formed steel Cut stub columns FEM

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智能建筑评价方法综述(英文)

智能建筑评价方法综述(英文)

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第二届国际智能、绿色建筑与建筑节能大会

作者：陈震 Derek J.Clements-Croome 洪桔李恒徐骞 School of Construction Management & Engineering The University of ReadingWhiteknightsPO Box 219ReadingUK Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture Department of BRE Hong Kong Polytechnic University

本文在总结国内外相关文献的基础上,对现有的智能建筑评价方法进行了总结和评价。通过对20余个建筑评价体系的总结,本文对六个针对智能建筑的建筑评价体系进行了比较。比较的方法是对各个智能建筑评价体系采用的指标体系在统一的评价域... 详细信息

本文在总结国内外相关文献的基础上,对现有的智能建筑评价方法进行了总结和评价。通过对20余个建筑评价体系的总结,本文对六个针对智能建筑的建筑评价体系进行了比较。比较的方法是对各个智能建筑评价体系采用的指标体系在统一的评价域(包括建筑、工程、环境、经济、管理以及社会学)范围内的覆盖程度进行配比,从中发现最优的智能建筑评价体系。进行比较的六个智能建筑评价体系分别来自亚洲智能建筑协会、英国BRE、北美CABA、韩国智能建筑协会、上海建委和台湾建筑研究院。比较发现,尽管亚洲智能建筑协会的评价体系在指标的覆盖上最全面,但是它自身的缺陷也不容忽视。本文最后指出以网络分析法为核心的创新方法将为智能建筑评价提供有力的支持。

关键词： Intelligent building Assessment Methodology Review

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Numerical Studies on Fire-induced Thermal Plumes

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Journal of Thermal Science 2005年第4期14卷 374-381页

作者： Junmei LI Yanfeng LI Wan Ki CHOW Huairong HUANG The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100022China Department of Building Services Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

Most of the expressions describing fire plumes reported in the literature are known to be based on experiments. Due to different experimental methods, the geometry of the fire sources, fuel types and surrounding conditions, it is difficult to derive a comprehensive picture of a plume with its temperature and velocity fields on the basis of existing theoretical work. Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD）, which is regarded as a practical engineering tool in fire engineering by the experts, is sure to be able to give more details of the plume behavior under various situations. Aerodynamics for thermally-induced plumes will be studied numerically with CFD. Four typical axisymmetric plume equations will be assessed in this paper, and investigations will be useful for fire engineers in designing smoke management systems in an affordable fashion. This is a critical point in implementing engineering performance-based fire code.

关键词： thermal plume fire CFD smoke management.

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Economic viability assessment of active building envelope systems

Economic viability assessment of active building envelope sy...

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46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference

作者： Rivas, Flor Khire, Ritesh A. Messac, Achille Van Dessel, Steven Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering United States School of Architecture

Active Building Envelope (ABE) systems represent a new thermal control technology that actively uses solar energy to compensate for passive heat losses or gains in buildings or other enclosures. As a result, these systems are expected to eliminate the need to supply electricity to operate conventional air-conditioning systems and/or non-renewable energy sources to thermally condition buildings or other enclosures. This paper presents new findings pertinent to the development of ABE systems. Specifically, in this paper, we investigate the economic viability of ABE systems. A preliminary cost model of the ABE system is developed that combines individual cost models of its components. Different configurations of ABE systems, each comprising different heat absorbing component, are examined. The configuration that requires the least power unfortunately also results in the highest cost. A multi-objective optimization tool is used to resolve the trade-off between the power and the cost of ABE systems. Based on these optimization results, direction for future work is suggested. This paper represents an important step forward in obtaining a cost-effective ABE system that will provide an attractive alternative to current approaches.

关键词： Temperature control

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Simultaneous health monitoring and vibration control of structures using smart materials

Simultaneous health monitoring and vibration control of stru...

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作者： Kim, Myung Hyun Kang, Sung Won Lee, Jae Myung Inman, Daniel J. Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Pusan National University Busan Korea Republic of Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University Blacksburg VA United States

Large welded structures, including ships and offshore structures, are normally in operation under cyclic fatigue loadings. These structures include many geometric as well as material discontinuities due to weld joints, and the fatigue strength at these hot spots is very important for the structural performance. In the past, various Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques have been developed to detect fatigue cracks and to estimate their location and size. However, an important limitation of most of the existing NDE methods is that they are off-line;the normal operation of the structure has to be interrupted and the device often has to be disassembled. In this study, a new impedance-based structural health monitoring system employing piezoceramic transducers is developed with a special interest in applying the technique for welded structural members in ship and offshore structures. In particular, the impedance-based structural health monitoring technique that employs the coupling effect of piezoceramic (PZT) materials and structures is investigated.

关键词： Welded steel structures

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On atrium smoke management system design

On atrium smoke management system design

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American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers ASHRAE 2005 Winter Meeting

作者： Chow, W.K. Li, J. ASHRAE Department of Architectural Science and Fire Engineering Research Centre for Fire Engineering Department of Building Services Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hong Kong College of Architecture and Civil Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing China

Common design guides on smoke management in atria will be reviewed in this paper. Different approaches used in those guides are outlined. It is observed that the engineering principles behind those design guides are basically the same, though the approaches might be different. Smoke ventilation appears to be a common approach for smoke management in an atrium. An acceptable smoke layer height can be kept, or at least the descending rate of the smoke layer could be reduced. Designs based on different guides are compared by referring to some real cases in Hong Kong. There are deviations among different guides even under the same fire scenarios. At the moment, these guides only give general design principles, not yet covering all atria, especially the tall ones in the Far East. In other words, only simplified design procedures for systems under some agreed fire scenarios in an atrium are outlined. Guidance on solving practical problems frequently encountered in atria apart from those cases is discussed, taking the huge development in the construction industry of China as an example. © 2005 ASHRAE.

关键词： Systems analysis

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Application of PGA on optimization of distribution of shopping centers

Application of PGA on optimization of distribution of shoppi...

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9th Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence - AI/IA 2005: Advances in Artificial Intelligence

作者： Yu, Bin Cheng, Chun-Tian Yang, Zhong-Zheng Chau, Kwokwing Institute of Hydroinformatics Department of Civil Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China Department of Architecture Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)3540290419

In this study, the distribution of shopping centers is optimized in terms of realizing the shortest car-based shopping trips in an urban area. Modal split is performed between road and public traffic networks is calculated, and then the interaction between land-use and transportation in the context of choice of shopping destinations is modeled to build the optimal function. Parallel genetic algorithm (PGA) is applied to solve the optimal problem on distribution of the area of shopping centers. Several problems in application of PGA are discussed. A case study is undertaken in order to examine the effectiveness of this method. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Transportation

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