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Vanillin-based photoactive materials: A sustainable approach to antimicrobial solutions

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 2025年 468卷

作者： Gover, Elisabetta Rondinella, Alfredo Marino, Marilena Brovedani, Asja Tavani, Alessandra Lopriore, Marco Alongi, Marilisa Manzocco, Lara Fedrizzi, Lorenzo Goi, Daniele Strazzolini, Paolo Comuzzi, Clara Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Udine Via del Scienze 206 Udine33100 Italy Department of Agricultural Food Environment and Animal Sciences University of Udine Via delle Scienze 206 Udine33100 Italy

Bacterial infections result in millions of fatalities each year globally, an issue exacerbated by the alarming rise in antibiotic-resistant pathogens. To combat the spread of these microorganisms, photodynamic inactivation strategies can be employed, which kill microbes by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) without leading to the development of resistance phenomena. Considering the challenges posed by microbial threats and the need for environmental sustainability, a polyimine matrix named VALPOL (VP) was developed using a lignin waste intermediate, vanillin. This matrix was doped with the photosensitizer (PS) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin (4MeP) to yield two photoactive materials containing 5 % (VP-5-F) and 10 % w/w (VP-10-F) of PS. The VP-based films underwent comprehensive characterization through FTIR spectrophotometry, DSC analysis, and SEM microscopy. Water absorption capacity, diffusion coefficient, film regeneration, and antimicrobial capabilities were also assessed. Following exposure to a blue LED lamp, the VP-doped matrices demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy, achieving up to a 3-Log reduction in Staphylococcus aureus viability. This effect was attributed to the material's ability to generate singlet oxygen via a photodynamic mechanism. Notably, the photokilling effect was enhanced with the reuse of the films, likely due to the morphological changes observed through SEM. The materials exhibited stability, resistance to operational conditions, and ease of molding, combined with light-activated antimicrobial properties, indicating their potential for diverse applications. This research highlights the promise of photoactive vanillin-based films as antimicrobial materials, aligning with sustainable principles in both the photodynamic disinfection method and the material itself. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Staphylococcus aureus

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Model on empirically calibrating stochastic traffic flow fundamental diagram

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Communications in Transportation Research 2021年第1期1卷 121-129页

作者： Shuaian Wang Xinyuan Chen Xiaobo Qu Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong KongSARChina College of Civil Aviation Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg41296Sweden

This paper addresses two shortcomings of the data-driven stochastic fundamental diagram for freeway *** first shortcoming is related to the least-squares methods which have been widely used in establishing traffic flow fundamental *** argue that these methods are not suitable to generate the percentile-based stochastic fundamental diagrams,because the results generated by least-squares methods represent weighted sample mean,rather than *** second shortcoming is widespread use of independent modeling methodology for a family of percentile-based fundamental *** methods are inadequate to coordinate the fundamental diagrams in the same family,and consequently,are not in alignment with the basic rules in probability theory and *** address these issues,this paper proposes a holistic modeling framework based on the concept of mean absolute error *** established model is convex,but *** efficiently implement the proposed methodology,we further reformulate this model as a linear programming problem which could be solved by the state-of-the-art *** results using real-world traffic flow data validate the proposed method.

关键词： Stochastic fundamental diagram Speed distributions Traffic control

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Fractal-based numerical simulation of multivariate typhoon wind speeds utilizing weierstrass mandelbrot function

Journal of Infrastructure Intelligence and Resilience

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Journal of Infrastructure Intelligence and Resilience 2025年第2期4卷

作者： Cai, Kang Huang, Mingfeng Li, Qiang Wang, Qing Ni, Yi-Qing Institute of Structural Engineering College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China Center for Balance Architecture Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon China Hong Kong Branch of the National Engineering Research Center on Rail Transit Electrification and Automation Hung Hom Kowloon China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Guangxi University Nanning530004 China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Ningbo Tech University Ningbo315100 China Ningbo Research Institute Zhejiang University Ningbo315100 China Zhejiang Huadong Mapping and Engineering Safety Technology co. Ltd Hangzhou310014 China

This paper proposes a fractal-based technique for simulating multivariate nonstationary wind fields by the stochastic Weierstrass Mandelbrot function. Upon conducting a systematic fractal analysis, it was found that the structure function method is more suitable and reliable than the box counting method, variation method, and R/S analysis method for estimating the fractal dimension of the stochastic wind speed series. Wind field measurement at the meteorological gradient tower with a height of 356 m in Shenzhen was conducted during Typhoon Mandelbrot (1983). Significant non-stationary properties and fractal dimensions of typhoon wind speed data at various heights were analyzed and used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multivariate typhoon wind speed simulation method. The multivariate wind speed components simulated by the proposed fractal-based method are in good agreement with the measured records in terms of the fractal dimension, standard deviation, probability density function, wind spectrum and cross-correlation coefficient. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Effect of the spectrally selective features of the cover and emitter combination on radiative cooling performance

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Energy and Built Environment 2021年第3期2卷 251-259页

作者： Mingke Hu Suhendri Bin Zhao Xianze Ao Jingyu Cao Qiliang Wang Saffa Riffat Yuehong Su Gang Pei Department of Architecture and Built Environment University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Department of Building Services Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina

Radiative cooling(RC)shows good potential for building energy saving by throwing waste heat to the cosmos in a passive and sustainable ***,most available radiative coolers suffer from low cooling *** situation becomes even deteriorated in the daytime when radiative coolers are exposed to direct *** tackle this challenge,an idea of employing both a spectrally selective cover and a spectrally selective emitter is proposed in this study as an alternative approach.A comparative study is conducted among four RC modules with different spectral characteristics for the demonstration of how the spectral profiles of the cover and the emitter affects the RC *** results under given conditions show that the RC module with a spectrally selective cover and a spectrally selective emitter(SC/SE)reaches a net RC power of 62.4 W/m^(2)when the solar radiation is 800 W/m^(2),which is about 1.8 times that of the typical RC module with a spectrally non-selective cover and a spectrally selective emitter(n-SC/SE).When the ambient temperature is 30°C,the SC/SE based RC module realizes a daytime sub-ambient temperature reduction of 20.0°C,standing for a further temperature decrement of 9.2°C compared to the n-SC/SE based RC module.

关键词： Radiative cooling Sky cooling Spectral selectivity Sensitive analysis Cover Solar energy

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Deciphering the Character of Public Transport Participation in Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Hangzhou, China

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Dong, Yinan Sun, Yilin Wang, Dianhai Waygood, E.D. Owen College of Civil Engineering Architecture Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou310058 China College of Civil Engineering Architecture Polytechnic Institute Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou310058 China Department of Civil Geological and Mining Engineering Polytechnique Montréal 2500 chemin de Polytechnique Montréal Canada

Introduction: Based on the mobility status and transport dilemmas within a megacity, this study explores the correlation between public transport participation (PTP) and subjective well-being (SWB), in terms of daily mobility, service quality evaluation, interchange experience, and future ***: Within the urban district of Hangzhou, an on-site questionnaire survey regarding subjective well-being obtained 3,600 responses. Based on 37 factors, with subjective well-being as the target variable, a LightGBM model was constructed. The synergies of the explanatory factors were parsed and ***: Metro usage in daily mobility was the most vital factor affecting subjective well-being. Knowledge and use of the metro system varied across generations, with individuals younger than 60 reporting better SWB from metro use. PT interchanges consuming more than 12 minutes result in a significant decrease in SWB. The effect of interchange satisfaction on SWB was mediated by time consumption of PT interchanges. Transport information inquiry was frequently sought yet performed poorly in accuracy and sensibility. The concerns about punctuality of buses amplified the negative effects on SWB. Positive preferences of respondents for future mobility services could consolidate their PT participation and ***: Simpler and more convenient access to the metro system, transport information inquiry methods with better accuracy, PT interchanges with shorter duration, and novel regulations and driving strategies for buses, could contribute to better subjective well-being across populations. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Urban growth

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The Smart Industrial Service System as a New Type of Smart PSS for Complex Industrial Context: A Case Study in the Mining Industry

The Smart Industrial Service System as a New Type of Smart P...

引用

2022 International Conference on Cyber-Physical Social Intelligence, ICCSI 2022

作者： Chang, Yuan Ming, Xinguo Chen, Zhihua Zhou, Tongtong Song, Wenyan Zheng, Pai School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Mechanical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong

ISBN: (数字)9781665498357

ISBN: (纸本)9781665498357

Servitization has prompted industrial companies to develop smart services for their manufactured products in order to maximize their economic value. The use of smart technologies proposed the product service into a more advanced smart product-service system (smart PSS). However, because current research on smart PSS is primarily focused on developing the service potential from a single core product, this poses a problem for customers who need more holistic solutions in complex contexts. Particularly for the energy and mining sectors, which do not manufacture complex products. The concept of a smart industrial service system (SISS) is proposed in this paper to analyze the various service requirements for the complex energy and mining contexts. Smart technologies bring new access to the interconnection and management of more macro contexts. A brief description of the SISS framework is provided, along with information on its conception, characteristics, elements, and explored design mode. Different from the conventional service blueprint that mainly considers the customer journey. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the activities of social and environmental stakeholders, and also expounds on the necessity of meeting the service requirements of different levels of the industrial context. A novel smart industrial service innovation (SISI) blueprint is also developed to assist the service components design. The proposed SISS model is validated in a real-life coal mining industrial case, and the SISI blueprint design method is also compared with classical methods such as traditional service blueprint. The limitations and possible future research directions are also described at the end of the study. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Sustainable development

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Notch Depth Identification in CFRP Composite Beams Based on Modal Analysis Using Artificial Neural Network 2nd

Notch Depth Identification in CFRP Composite Beams Based on ...

引用

2nd International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring and engineering Structures, SHM and ES 2021

作者： Zara, A. Belaidi, I. Oulad Brahim, A. Khatir, S. Capozucca, R. Wahab, M. Abdel LEMI Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering University M’hamed Bougara Boumerdes Boumerdes35000 Algeria Faculty of Civil Engineering Ho Chi Minh City Open University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam DICEA Structural Section Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona Italy Soete Laboratory Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Ghent University Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 903 ZwijnaardeB-9052 Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9789811948343

Recently, the development of optimization techniques based on artificial neural network (ANN) has shown considerable progress in the field of damage identification in composite structures, due to their simplicity, greater precision, and lower computational time compared to non-destructive testing methods (NDT). In our work, a finite element model is developed using ABAQUS software to validate the vibratory behaviors of experimental tests. Then, based on digital data extracted from a calibrated model of the damaged CFRP cantilever specimens, we used a novel artificial neural network approach to detect and identify notch depth in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) beam based on modal analysis. The results show that ANN based on natural frequencies can be used to identify notch depth with good accuracy in composite structures. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Modal analysis

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Heat transfer in drop-laden turbulence

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Mangani, Francesca Roccon, Alessio Zonta, Francesco Soldati, Alfredo Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer TU-Wien Vienna1060 Austria Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Udine Udine33100 Italy

Heat transfer by large deformable drops in a turbulent flow is a complex and rich in physics system, in which drops deformation, breakage and coalescence influence the transport of heat. We study this problem coupling direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulence, with a phase-field method for the interface description. Simulations are run at fixed shear Reynolds and Weber numbers. To evaluate the influence of microscopic flow properties, like momentum/thermal diffusivity, on macroscopic flow properties, like mean temperature or heat transfer rates, we consider four different values of the Prandtl number, which is the momentum to thermal diffusivity ratio: Pr = 1, Pr = 2, Pr = 4 and Pr = 8. The drops volume fraction is Φ 5.4% for all cases. Drops are initially warmer than the turbulent carrier fluid, and release heat at different rates, depending on the value of Pr, but also on their size and on their own dynamics (topology, breakage, drop-drop interaction). Computing the time behavior of the drops and carrier fluid average temperatures, we clearly show that an increase of Pr slows down the heat transfer process. We explain our results by a simplified phenomenological model: we show that the time behavior of the drops average temperature is self similar, and a universal behavior can be found upon rescaling by t/Pr2/3. Accordingly, the heat transfer coefficient H (resp. its dimensionless counterpart, the Nusselt number Nu) scales as H ∼ Pr−2/3 (resp. Nu ∼ Pr1/3) at the beginning of the simulation, and tends to H ∼ Pr−1/2 (resp. Nu ∼ Pr1/2) at later times. These different scalings can be explained via the boundary layer theory and are consistent with previous theoretical/numerical predictions. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Drops

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Boiling heat transfer by phase-field method

Research Square

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Research Square 2024年

作者： Roccon, Alessio Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Udine Via delle Scienze Udine33100 Italy Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9 Vienna1060 Austria

In this work, we propose and test the validity of a phase-field method tailored specifically for modeling boiling phenomena. The method relies on numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with a phase-field method and the energy equation. The continuity and Navier-Stokes equations have been modified introducing a source term that accounts for phase change. Likewise, in the conservative Allen-Cahn equation (phase-field method) a source term that accounts for the volume is introduced. The system of governing equations is solved using a projection-correction method and equations are discretized using second-order finite difference approach. Thanks to the type of discretization employed, a constant coefficient Poisson equation for the pressure is obtained, which can be efficiently solved using FFT-based direct solvers. The proposed method is validated against different benchmarks: an interface undergoing phase change at a constant rate, the Stefan problem, the adsorption problem and the growth of a 2D vapor bubble. For all the benchmarks, the present method well matches with analytical and archival literature results for a wide range of vapor-to-liquid density ratios, from ρv/ρl = 1 down to ρv/ρl 5 × 10−4 (where ρv identifies the vapor density and ρl the liquid density). © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Navier Stokes equations

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Microstructure, distortion and residual stress investigation in a bio-inspired welding pattern

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2024年 66卷 287-295页

作者： Paolo Ferro Manuele Dabalà Roberto Meneghello Gianpaolo Savio Filippo Berto Enrico Salvati University of Padova Department of Engineering and Management Stradella S. Nicola Vicenza Italy University of Padova Department of Industrial Engineering Via Venezia 1 Padova Italy University of Padova ICEA Via Venezia 1 Padova Italy Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment University of Rome “La Sapienza” Via Eudossiana 18 00184 Roma Italy University of Udine Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture Via delle Scienze 206 33100 Udine Italy

In Nature, when two surfaces are bonded, the joining interface usually follows a structurally optimized non-linear pattern, like cranial sutures. This distinctive characteristic of Nature could be imitated when joining thin plates by laser welding using a ‘zig-zag’ path. It is expected that both welding stress and strain will develop in a different way as compared to the conventional butt-welding straight path due to a different heat flow and stiffness the weld bead undergoes during the welding process. To assess the resulting residual stress and distortion, as a function of the laser welding path, experimental investigations were carried out by X-ray diffraction technique and Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM Hybrid), respectively. Results showed that the studied bio-inspired welding pattern can effectively alter both residual stresses and distortions. The outcome of this study unveils the potential of such a welding strategy to reduce the magnitude of detrimental tensile residual stress, opening new avenues to the development of more structurally efficient weldments as compared to standard linear welding.

关键词： laser welding stainless steel residual stress welding distortion welding path, bio-inspired design

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