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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhu, Lyuyi Feng, Kairui Pu, Ziyuan Ma, Wei College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University NJ United States School of Engineering Monash University Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway47500 Malaysia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong

Real-time traffic prediction models play a pivotal role in smart mobility systems and have been widely used in route guidance, emerging mobility services, and advanced traffic management systems. With the availability of massive traffic data, neural network-based deep learning methods, especially the graph convolutional networks (GCN) have demonstrated outstanding performance in mining spatio-temporal information and achieving high prediction accuracy. Recent studies reveal the vulnerability of GCN under adversarial attacks, while there is a lack of studies to understand the vulnerability issues of the GCNbased traffic prediction models. Given this, this paper proposes a new task - diffusion attack, to study the robustness of GCNbased traffic prediction models. The diffusion attack aims to select and attack a small set of nodes to degrade the performance of the entire prediction model. To conduct the diffusion attack, we propose a novel attack algorithm, which consists of two major components: 1) approximating the gradient of the black-box prediction model with Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA);2) adapting the knapsack greedy algorithm to select the attack nodes. The proposed algorithm is examined with three GCN-based traffic prediction models: ST-GCN, TGCN, and A3T-GCN on two cities. The proposed algorithm demonstrates high efficiency in the adversarial attack tasks under various scenarios, and it can still generate adversarial samples under the drop regularization such as DROPOUT, DROPNODE, and DROPEDGE. The research outcomes could help to improve the robustness of the GCN-based traffic prediction models and better protect the smart mobility systems. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphic methods

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Parametric Design: formal and structural connection for a pedestrian bridge in the archeological area of Roca Vecchia (IT)

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Procedia Manufacturing 2020年 44卷 473-480页

作者： G. Cesario L. Sardone R. Greco Cascella Spinelli G.C. Marano Polytechnic of Bari Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture Via Edoardo Orabona 4 70125 Bari (Italy) Polytechnic of Bari Department of Civil Environmental Land Building and Chemistry Engineering Via Edoardo Orabona 4 70125 Bari (Italy) Polytechnic of Turin Department of Structural Construction and Geotechnical Engineering Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino (Italy)

The work done, lays the foundations for a design methodology that connects the formal and structural aspects of an architecture passing through the parametrization of geometric shapes. To carry out the steps of the design method, the design of a steel pedestrian bridge was experimented. The analysis of the structure made use of the AutoDesk Structural Analysis Robot calculation software; the geometry was parameterized using the AutoDesk Dynamo Studio software (Robot plug-in). The architectural design was carried out using the aforementioned software, managing to connect the formal and the structural part of the project, reaching a focus on the forms of architecture that directly influence the structural functionality. The advantage in this type of design lies in being able to analyze a structure and assign different characteristics to it (from morphology to detail) in real time, managing to connect the project idea directly with a finished product.

关键词： Structural Design Structural Optimization Parametric Design Architectural Design

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A Short Note on Containment Scheme against Spreading of Novel Coronavirus COVID-19

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2020年第2期10卷 84-87页

作者： Wan Ki Chow Cheuk Lun Chow Department of Building Services Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

A two-stage containment scheme is proposed to minimize spreading of the novel coronavirus. Two stages of quarantine each of 14 days will be involved.

关键词： Coronavirus Containment Scheme Safety Management Quarantine Control

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Size effect on the shear failure of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars and closed-type winding GFRP stirrups

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engineering Structures 2025年 340卷

作者： Yanbin Gong Tianyou Wang Ye Yuan Zhenyu Wang Yongbo Shao School of Civil Engineering Yantai University Yantai 264005 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 999077 Hong Kong CSCEC-TAISEI Construction LTD Beijing 100070 China School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Xihua University Chengdu 610039 China

Conventional pultruded FRP stirrups are characterized by low strength at bend parts and premature bond-slip failure at overlapping regions. These problems can be avoided by using the closed-type winding FRP stirrups made by winding continuous fiber layer by layer laterally around the mold. There are few studies about the effect of closed-type winding FRP stirrups on size effect of FRP reinforced concrete beams. Twelve GFRP bars and stirrups reinforced concrete beams were cast and tested, including six beams with closed-type winding stirrups, three beams with pultruded stirrups and three beams without shear reinforcement, aiming to investigate the size effect on shear failure of FRP reinforced concrete beams. The main parameters included the overall height of section (300 mm, 450 mm and 600 mm) and stirrup spacing. The test results indicated that beams with closed-type winding stirrups showed different size effect, in which the normalized shear strength increased with increasing overall height compared with beams without shear reinforcement and with pultruded GFRP stirrups. This phenomenon is analyzed by failure modes, crack patterns, shear capacity, stirrup strain and contribution of concrete and stirrups. The finite element simulations of concrete beams with CW-GFRP stirrups were carried out, and the simulated results were in good agreement with the test results. A new model predicting the contributions of concrete and closed-type winding stirrups to the shear capacity was proposed. The applicability of existing shear design codes and the new model for beams with closed-type winding FRP stirrups was evaluated based on experimental and finite element simulation results. The new model showed better accuracy than the current design codes.

关键词： Concrete beams FRP Shear behavior Size effect Stirrups

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Seismic vulnerability assessment of a romanian historical masonry building under near-source earthquake 11

Seismic vulnerability assessment of a romanian historical ma...

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11th International Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2020

作者： Chieffo, N. Formisano, A. Mosoarca, M. Lourenço, P.B. Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism Politehnica University of Timisoara Traian Lalescu Street 2/A Timisoara300223 Romania Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture School of Polytechnic and Basic Sciences University of Naples "Federico II" P.le V. Tecchio Naples80125 Italy Azurém Campus Guimaraes Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9786188507210

In the present research work, the effect of ground motion vertical component in case of near-source excitations on masonry buildings has been analysed. To this purpose, an investigation has been made on the Banloc Castle, a historical masonry construction damaged by the Banat-Voiteg earthquake occurred on December 1991 in the Romanian Region of Banloc. A FEM model of the building, setup using DIANA FEA analysis software, has been analysed in the non-linear dynamic field. In particular, the records have been referred to the Banloc site, characterized by a moment magnitude of 5.5 and a focal depth of 9 km. In order to estimate the influence of the vertical seismic motion on the case study building in terms of both displacement and internal forces, two different scenarios have been examined. The first scenario has taken into account the horizontal component only, whereas the second one has studied the simultaneous effects of three components of the seismic action. The comparison between the two scenarios has shown that the vertical ground motion significantly modifies the structural behaviour of the inspected building. Finally, numerical damage patterns have been plotted and compared to the real cracks detected in the case study after the considered seismic event. © 2020 European Association for Structural Dynamics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Buildings

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A novel DEM-based framework for engineering material selection: Synthesizing elastic modulus, tensile strength and fracture toughness

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Materials Today Communications 2025年 46卷

作者： Xianyang Liu Qinxi Dong Qunwei Wang Yongwei Wang Jingchao Yang School of Civil and Architecture Engineering Hainan University Haikou 570228 China Department of Building and Real Estate (BRE) Faculty of Construction and Environment (FCE) The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong

engineering materials can suddenly fail through brittle fracture, posing substantial safety concerns for infrastructure projects. To address this critical issue, this research introduces a comprehensive framework that integrates three key components: advanced numerical modeling techniques, comprehensive validation procedures, and systematic property analysis for effective material selection. The foundation of this framework is built upon an improved discrete element model (DEM) with a dual-sphere configuration, which successfully overcomes previous limitations in displacement field calculations through optimized particle positioning. The effectiveness of this enhanced DEM has been rigorously validated through multiple comprehensive studies. Specifically, in elastic behavior tests using plates with circular holes, the displacement fields simulated by the DEM demonstrated exceptional agreement with finite element analysis, achieving an average relative error of only 5.1 %. Further validation through Brazilian splitting and three-point bending tests showed strong correlations with experimental observations, achieving peak loads of 5.3 kN and 1 kN respectively, while accurately reproducing crack propagation patterns. Building upon this robust numerical foundation, the framework then systematically develops a three-dimensional constrained materials space through an extensive series of 63 compact tension test simulations, incorporating key parameters such as elastic modulus (51.52–469 GPa ), tensile strength (257.6–551.7 MPa ), and numerical fracture toughness (0.13–9.08 kJ / m 2 ). The reliability of these established relationships is further validated through their alignment with established Ashby map trends and verification of consistency between the fitted equation and process zone equation. Ultimately, this framework enables precise positioning of materials on characteristic surfaces within well-defined three-dimensional boundaries, providing clear and practical crit

关键词： Fracture toughness

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An effective design method of high-strength steel columns with limited datasets using physics-guided conditional tabular GAN

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engineering Structures 2025年 340卷

作者： Ben Mou Hong Chen Yuguang Fu School of Civil Engineering Architecture and Environment Hubei University of Technology Wuhan China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao 266033 China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore

High-strength steel structures received increasing interest but are lack of suitable design methods. Most studies revise the existing design codes, which, however, is still inaccurate for failure load predictions. Some researchers explore machine learning (ML) but require extensive high-quality datasets. This is challenging for high-strength steel structures, where the collection of either experimental data or numerical simulation data is time-consuming and expensive. To address it, this study develops an effective ML-based design method which only needs very limited datasets. In particular, Physics-guided Conditional Tabular Generative Adversarial Network (Pg-CTGAN) is proposed to be integrated with suitable existing design code for similar structural members and further generate sufficient synthetic datasets for subsequent ML training. Two benchmark tests were designed to assess the quality of synthetic data and its effects on the predictive performance of the ML models. To evaluate the performance of Pg-CTGAN, two case studies were conducted, including the prediction of ultimate compressive strength of high-strength steel bolted built-up angle section columns and that of high-strength steel bolted built-up channel section columns. The results are then compared with the current design codes, showing that the proposed method can improve the prediction accuracy of various ML models in both case studies, and outperforms the current design specifications. It can be demonstrated that, the proposed method can provide accurate failure load predictions and has the great potential for other structural components.

关键词： Columns (structural)

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Is the ISO 8996:2021 heart rate method accurate for predicting metabolic rate? An experimental validation based on Chinese young adults

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Building and Environment 2025年 282卷

作者： Siru Gao Liu Yang Shengkai Zhao Shichao Liu Hui Zhang Yongchao Zhai State Key Laboratory of Green Building Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi 710055 PR China College of Architecture Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology Xi’an Shaanxi 710055 PR China School of Architectural and Artistic Design Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo Henan 454000 PR China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA 01609 USA Center for the Built Environment UC Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA

The ISO 8996:2021 standard proposes a heart rate (HR)-based method for estimating metabolic rate (MR), offering a cost-effective alternative to direct calorimetry. However, its validity across ethnicity and activity types remains underexplored. This study evaluates the accuracy of ISO 8996:2021 for Chinese young adults and proposes a refined prediction model. MR and HR data from 256 participants (141 males, 115 females; aged 20–30 years) were collected during office work, housework, walking, and exercise. Results show that ISO 8996:2021 improves prediction accuracy over the 2004 version for most activities, except walking and HR >120 bpm. However, larger errors persist for females during moderate-to-high-intensity activities (mean relative error, MRE: 32.4 % vs. 20.9 % for males). To address this, we calibrated ISO reference values using empirically measured resting metabolic rate (M 0 : 54 W/m² for females, 57 W/m² for males) and resting heart rate (HR 0 : 74–76 bpm), reducing prediction errors by 10–12 % across activity categories. Furthermore, a simplified HR-based MR prediction model was developed using three parameters: heart rate reserve (%HRR), HR 0 , and fat-free mass (FFM). This model achieved slightly higher accuracy than ISO 8996:2021 while requiring fewer inputs, making it suitable for large-scale field studies. The findings highlight the necessity of ethnic-specific calibration for ISO 8996 and provides practical insights for optimizing thermal comfort assessments in building environments. This work advances the applicability of HR-based MR prediction across diverse populations and supports energy-efficient, occupant-centric building design.

关键词： Architectural design

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Improved visual-information-driven model for crowd simulation and its modular application

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liang, Xuanwen Chen, Jiayu Lee, Eric Wai Ming Xie, Wei Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Construction Management Tsinghua University Beijing China Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction Sichuan University Chengdu China

Data-driven crowd simulation models offer advantages in enhancing the accuracy and realism of simulations, and improving their generalizability is essential for promoting application. Current data-driven approaches are primarily designed for a single scenario, with very few models validated across more than two scenarios. It is still an open question to develop data-driven crowd simulation models with strong generalizibility. We notice that the key to addressing this challenge lies in effectively and accurately capturing the core common influential features that govern pedestrians’ navigation across diverse scenarios. Particularly, we believe that visual information is one of the most dominant influencing features. In light of this, this paper proposes a data-driven model incorporating a refined visual information extraction method and exit cues to enhance generalizability. The proposed model is examined on four common fundamental modules: bottleneck, corridor, corner and T-junction. The evaluation results demonstrate that our model performs excellently across these scenarios, aligning with pedestrian movement in real-world experiments, and significantly outperforms the classical knowledge-driven model. Furthermore, we introduce a modular approach to apply our proposed model in composite scenarios, and the results regarding trajectories and fundamental diagrams indicate that our simulations closely match real-world patterns in the composite scenario. The research outcomes can provide inspiration for the development of data-driven crowd simulation models with high generalizability and advance the application of data-driven approaches.1 Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Flow visualization

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Real-time reconstruction of hydrogen leakage concentration field based on transient sparse monitoring data in hydrogen refueling stations

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Renewable Energy 2025年 254卷

作者： Shilu Wang Yubo Bi Jihao Shi Qiulan Wu Chuntao Zhang Shenshi Huang Wei Gao Mingshu Bi School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Mianyang 621010 China School of Architectural Engineering Shenzhen Polytechnic University Shenzhen 518000 Guangdong China

This study proposes a model for real-time reconstruction of hydrogen leakage concentration field in hydrogen refueling stations (HRS) using transient sparse monitoring data. The model compresses high-dimensional hydrogen concentration features into low-dimensional representations using the encoder of vector quantized variational autoencoder (VQVAE). A multilayer perceptron (MLP) maps the sparse data to these representations, and a decoder is subsequently used to reconstruct the concentration field. The effect of monitoring point sparsity on the reconstruction accuracy is examined using a genetic algorithm (GA). The results show that the proposed VQVAE-MLP model outperforms other models, proving its effectiveness in compressing high-dimensional data. The relationship between monitoring point sparsity and reconstruction accuracy is explored, which can be used to optimize the sensor layout of real HRS. The reconstruction accuracies of different risk areas were compared by structural similarity index measure (SSIM) metrics, and the effects of wind speed and direction on the reconstruction results were analyzed. In conclusion, the proposed model effectively reconstructs hydrogen leakage risk areas in real time, enabling rapid identification of high-risk zones and enhancing the safety and emergency response capabilities of HRS.

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