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Evaluating the environmental occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and potential exposure risk for recreational shellfish harvesters in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire

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The science of the total environment 2025年 986卷 179747页

作者： Christine L Gardiner Jonathan M Petali Celia Y Chen Nathan G Giffard Sujan Fernando Thomas M Holsen Juby R Varghese Megan E Romano Kathryn A Crawford Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA. Environmental Health Program New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services Concord NH USA Battelle Memorial Institute Columbus OH USA. Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science Clarkson University Potsdam NY USA. Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science Clarkson University Potsdam NY USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Clarkson University Potsdam NY USA. Department of Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon NH USA. Environmental Studies Program Middlebury College Middlebury VT USA. Electronic address: kcrawford@middlebury.edu.

BACKGROUND:Shellfish may be an important contributor to PFAS exposure from seafood consumption. Yet, shellfish consumption patterns are distinct from other seafood varieties and PFAS exposure via shellfish consumption has not been well studied, especially among recreational harvesters who may be exposed to PFAS through direct consumption of shellfish, incidental ingestion of sediment, and dermal absorption. METHODS:Collocated surface water, sediment, and bivalve shellfish samples were collected in the Great Bay Estuary, a prominent estuary in New Hampshire, USA with multiple known PFAS sources. All media were analyzed for 27 PFAS compounds via UPLC-MS/MS. Human health risk of PFAS exposure from recreational shellfish harvesting was estimated for typical and high seafood consumers across multiple exposure routes using available health guidance values. RESULTS:PFAS were detected in all Great Bay water, sediment, and shellfish samples. PFAS concentrations varied spatially, and profiles varied by media type, with shorter chain compounds found in water and longer chain compounds found in sediment and shellfish. For adults, PFAS exposure risk from recreational shellfish harvesting was greatest from direct consumption of shellfish (>99 % of estimated daily PFAS dose), followed by dermal absorption and incidental sediment ingestion. For children, dermal absorption and incidental ingestion were also important, contributing up to 10 % of estimated daily exposure. PFAS exposure risk from consuming razor clams exceeded the reference hazard quotient of 1 for multiple compounds among the general population that consumes typical or greater amounts of seafood, and among persons of childbearing age and young children who consume high amounts of seafood. CONCLUSIONS:High frequency recreational shellfish harvesting and consumption may increase exposure to certain PFAS.

关键词： Bivalves Exposure pathways Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) Risk assessment Seafood consumption Sediment Water

Labeling phrenic afferents with intrapleural AAV-PHP.S

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Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2025年 419卷 110466页

作者： Morales, Amanda C. Holmes, Taylor C. Sanchez, Felix T. Huang, Haozhi Williams, Jordan J. Streeter, Kristi A. Deparment of Physical Therapy Marquette University Milwaukee WI United States Exercise and Rehabilitation Science Program Department of Physical Therapy Marquette University Milwaukee WI United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University Milwaukee WI United States

Background: Understanding the role of musculoskeletal afferents in health and disease relies on the ability to selectively label afferents. Traditional approaches involve using adeno-associated viral (AAV) tools to transduce afferents with intrathecal, intramuscular, or direct dorsal root ganglion (DRG) injections. However, these approaches are surgically invasive, have non-specific labeling, or do not target functional groups of afferents. For example, labeling phrenic afferents arising from the diaphragm muscle is challenging due to the presence of musculoskeletal and cutaneous afferents from the forelimb, neck, and shoulder in the C3-C5 DRGs. New method: Using a new capsid variant of AAV9 with enhanced tropism toward afferents (AAV-PHP.S), we investigated if intrapleural injection of AAV-PHP.S transduces phrenic afferents in the cervical DRGs and spinal cord. Results: In animals receiving AAV-PHP.S, we observed robust tdTomato labeling in the DRGs, dorsal roots, dorsal columns, and spinal projections throughout the spinal gray matter. We did not see the same pattern of afferent labeling when we transected the phrenic nerve prior to intrapleural injection, nor did we find any evidence for motor neuron labeling. Classification of labeled afferents suggests preferential labeling of large diameter proprioceptive neurons. Time-course experiments show tdTomato expression in DRG neurons plateaued by 2 weeks. Comparison with existing methods: To our knowledge this is the first AAV-based method that preferentially targets phrenic afferents without also labeling phrenic motor neurons. Conclusions: This approach labels phrenic afferents and may be used in combination with optogenetic or chemogenetic tools to advance our understanding of the functional role of phrenic afferents. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： AAV-PHP.S Breathing Intrapleural injection Phrenic afferents Respiratory Retrograde labeling

Giant topological Hall effect in centrosymmetric tetragonal Mn2-xZnxSb

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Nabi, Md Rafique Un Wegner, Aaron Wang, Fei Zhu, Yanglin Guan, Yingdong Fereidouni, Arash Pandey, Krishna Basnet, Rabindra Acharya, Gokul Churchill, Hugh O.H. Mao, Zhiqiang Hu, Jin Department of Physics University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Department of Chemistry Missouri State University SpringfieldMO65897 United States Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States

Topological magnetism typically appear in non-centrosymmetric compounds or compounds with geometric frustration. Here, we report the effective tuning of magnetism in centrosymmetric tetragonal Mn2−xZnxSb by Zn substitution. The magnetism is found to be closely coupled to the transport properties, giving rise to a very large topological hall effect with fine tuning of Zn content, which even persists to high temperature (∼ 250 K). The further magnetoentropic analysis suggests that the topological hall effect is possibly associated with topological magnetism. Our finding suggests Mn2−xZnxSb is a candidate material for centrosymmetric tetragonal topological magnetic system, offers opportunities for studying and tuning spin textures and developing near room temperature spin-based devices. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Topology

Progress in experimental assessments of buoyancy work energy storage

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science Talks 2024年 10卷

作者： Abdul Hai Alami Mohamad Ayoub Adnan Alashkar Shamma Abdalla Ahmad Yasin Ayman Mdallal Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 United Arab Emirates Materials Science and Engineering PhD Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Mechanical Engineering Department American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates

This work reiterates the potential of buoyancy work energy storage (BWES) systems which has been presented in previously published experimental-based literature. The concept of buoyancy work can be grasped when studying the operation of mobility devices such as hot air balloons or boats, where buoyancy plays a key role in keeping them afloat. Conventional experimental BWES systems that were studied in previous literature consist of a water tank, a submergible buoy, a motor/generator carrying out the charging/discharging processes, respectively, and a data acquisition interface. It is interesting to see the progression of this technology at lab scale, where initial designs included the use of a barrel as the water tank, and Styrofoam cut-outs as buoys. One design utilized a ring with multiple Styrofoam buoys attached to it, and it was later enhanced by adding helical engravings to the buoys' surface to affect its interaction with water positively during descension and ascension. The latest study added to this timeline of ongoing development investigates the effect of different buoy materials, surface coatings, buoy infill gasses, and load.

关键词： Buoyancy work energy storage Mechanical energy storage Offshore wind turbines Battery alternatives

Ultrafast coherence delocalization in real space simulated by polaritons

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Xiang, Bo Yang, Zimo You, Yi-Zhuang Xiong, Wei Materials Science and Engineering Program UC San Diego San Diego92093 United States Department of Physics UC San Diego San Diego92093 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry UC San Diego San Diego92093 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering UC San Diego San Diego92093 United States

We investigated coherence delocalization on a coupled-cavity molecular polariton platform in time, frequency, and spatial domains, enabled by ultrafast two-dimensional infrared hyperspectral imaging. Unidirectional coherence delocalization (coherence prepared in one cavity transfer to another cavity) was observed in frequency and real spaces. This directionality was enabled by dissipation of delocalized photon from high-energy to low-energy modes, described by Lindblad dynamics. Further experiments showed that when coherences were directly prepared across cavities (superpositions between polaritons from different cavities), only energetically nearby polaritons could form coherences that survived the long-range environmental fluctuation. Together with the Lindblad dynamics, this result implied that coherences delocalized through a one-step mechanism where photons transferred from one cavity to another, shedding lights to coherence evolution in natural and artificial quantum systems. This work also demonstrated a way of combining photon and molecular modes to simulate coherence dynamics. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Photons

Mining the Metabolic Capacity ofClostridium sporogenesAided by Machine Learning

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第12期136卷

作者： Huanrong Ouyang Zhao Xu Joshua Hong Jeshua Malroy Liangyu Qian Shuiwang Ji Xuejun Zhu Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station 77843 United States Department of Computer Science & Engineering Texas A&M University College Station 77843 United States Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics Texas A&M University College Station 77843 United States

Anaerobes dominate the microbiota of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where a significant portion of small molecules can be degraded or modified. However, the enormous metabolic capacity of gut anaerobes remains largely elusive in contrast to aerobic bacteria, mainly due to the requirement of sophisticated laboratory settings. In this study, we employed an in silico machine learning platform, MoleculeX, to predict the metabolic capacity of a gut anaerobe, Clostridium sporogenes , against small molecules. Experiments revealed that among the top seven candidates predicted as unstable, six indeed exhibited instability in C. sporogenes culture. We further identified several metabolites resulting from the supplementation of everolimus in the bacterial culture for the first time. By utilizing bioinformatics and in vitro biochemical assays, we successfully identified an enzyme encoded in the genome of C. sporogenes responsible for everolimus transformation. Our framework thus can potentially facilitate future understanding of small molecules metabolism in the gut, further improve patient care through personalized medicine, and guide the development of new small molecule drugs and therapeutic approaches.

关键词： Anaerobes metabolic capacity small molecules machine learning enzyme identification

Topological Metamaterials

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ni, Xiang Yves, Simon Krasnok, Alex Alu, Andrea Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University MiamiFL33174 United States Department of Electrical Engineering City College The City University of New York 160 Convent Avenue New York10031 United States Physics Program The Graduate Center The City University of New York 365 Fifth Avenue New York10016 United States

Unlike geometrical features, such as shape or volume, the topological properties of an object do not change continuously, but only due to abrupt transitions associated with a change in the integer quantities that describe these properties - known as topological invariants. In turn, this resilience of topological features is associated with intrinsic robustness. For example, the topological invariant known as the Chern number, associated with the quantization of the Hall conductance in a two-dimensional electron gas, supports disorder-immune electron transport at the surface of topological insulators (TIs). One of the most significant breakthroughs in physics of the last decade has been the discovery that materials with non-trivial topological properties for electronic, electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical responses can be designed and manufactured at our will through engineered metamaterials (MMs). Here, we review the foundation and the state-of-the-art advances of topological photonics, acoustics and mechanical MMs. We discuss how topological MMs enable nontrivial wave phenomena in physics, engineering, of great interest for a broad range of interdisciplinary science disciplines such as classical and quantum chemistry. We first introduce the foundations of topological materials and the main concepts behind their peculiar features, including the concepts of topological charge and geometric phase. We then discuss the topology of electronic band structures in natural topological materials, like topological insulators and gapless Dirac and Weyl semimetals. Based on these concepts, we review the concept, design and response of topologically nontrivial MMs in photonics and phononics, including topological phases in 2D MMs with and without time-reversal symmetry, Floquet TIs based on spatial and temporal modulation, topological phases in 3D MMs, higher-order topological phases in MMs, non-Hermitian and nonlinear topological MMs and the topological features of scatteri

关键词： Metamaterials

Delocalization Transition in Colloidal Crystals

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Lopez-Rios, Hector Ehlen, Ali de la Cruz, Monica Olvera Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University United States Applied Physics Program Northwestern University United States

Sublattice melting is the loss of order of one lattice component in binary or ternary ionic crystals upon increase in temperature. A related transition has been predicted in colloidal crystals. To understand the nature of this transition, we study delocalization in self-assembled, size asymmetric binary colloidal crystals using a generalized molecular dynamics model. Focusing on BCC lattices, we observe a smooth change from localized-to-delocalized interstitial particles for a variety of interaction strengths. Thermodynamic arguments, mainly the absence of a discontinuity in the heat capacity, suggest that the passage from localization-to-delocalization is continuous and not a phase transition. This change is enhanced by lattice vibrations, and the temperature of the onset of delocalization can be tuned by the strength of the interaction between the colloid species. Therefore, the localized and delocalized regimes of the sublattice are dominated by enthalpic and entropic driving forces, respectively. This work sets the stage for future studies of sublattice melting in colloidal systems with different stoichiometries and lattice types, and it provides insights into superionic materials, which have potential for application in energy storage technologies. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Melting

Fluctuating risk of acute kidney injury-related mortality for four weeks after exposure to air pollution: A multi-country time-series study in 6 countries

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Environment International 2024年 183卷 108367页

作者： Min, Jieun Kang, Duk-Hee Kang, Cinoo Bell, Michelle L. Kim, Ho Yang, Juyeon Gasparrini, Antonio Lavigne, Eric Hashizume, Masahiro Kim, Yoonhee Fook Sheng Ng, Chris Honda, Yasushi das Neves Pereira da Silva, Susana Madureira, Joana Leon Guo, Yue Pan, Shih-Chun Armstrong, Ben Sera, Francesco Masselot, Pierre Schwartz, Joel Maria Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Pyo Lee, Jung Al-Aly, Ziyad Won Lee, Jung Kwag, Youngrin Ha, Eunhee Lee, Whanhee Department of Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Ewha Womans University School of Medicine Ewha Medical Research Center Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Public Health Sciences Graduate School of Public Health Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Yale School of the Environment Yale University New HavenCT United States Biostatistics Collaboration Unit Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Lab Department of Public Health Environments and Society London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom School of Epidemiology & Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Global Environmental Health Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan Center for Climate Change Adaptation National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan Department of Epidemiology Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge Lisbon Portugal EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health University of Porto Porto Portugal Porto Portugal College of Medicine and NTU Hospital Taipei Taiwan National Institute of Environmental Health Science National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan Department of Public Health Environments and Society London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Department of Statistics Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti" University of Florence Florence Italy Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health BostonMA United States Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine Universi

Background: Recent studies have reported that air pollution is related to kidney diseases. However, the global evidence on the risk of death from acute kidney injury (AKI) owing to air pollution is limited. Therefore, we investigated the association between short-term exposure to air pollution—particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)—and AKI-related mortality using a multi-country dataset. Methods: This study included 41,379 AKI-related deaths in 136 locations in six countries during 1987–2018. A novel case time-series design was applied to each air pollutant during 0–28 lag days to estimate the association between air pollution and AKI-related deaths. Moreover, we calculated AKI deaths attributable to non-compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines. Results: The relative risks (95% confidence interval) of AKI-related deaths are 1.052 (1.003, 1.103), 1.022 (0.994, 1.050), and 1.022 (0.982, 1.063) for 5, 10, and 10 µg/m3 increase in lag 0–28 days of PM2.5, warm-season O3, and NO2, respectively. The lag-distributed association showed that the risk appeared immediately on the day of exposure to air pollution, gradually decreased, and then increased again reaching the peak approximately 20 days after exposure to PM2.5 and O3. We also found that 1.9%, 6.3%, and 5.2% of AKI deaths were attributed to PM2.5, warm-season O3, and NO2 concentrations above the WHO guidelines. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that public health policies to reduce air pollution may alleviate the burden of death from AKI and suggests the need to investigate the several pathways between air pollution and AKI death. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Air quality