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arXiv 2023年

作者： Huang, Jianwei Yue, Ziqin Baydin, Andrey Zhu, Hanyu Nojiri, Hiroyuki Kono, Junichiro He, Yu Yi, Ming Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Katahira 2-1-1 Sendai980-8577 Japan Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a powerful tool for probing the momentum-resolved single-particle spectral function of materials. Historically, in situ magnetic fields have been carefully avoided as they are detrimental to the control of photoelectron trajectory during the photoelectron detection process. However, magnetic field is an important experimental knob for both probing and tuning symmetry-breaking phases and electronic topology in quantum materials. In this paper, we introduce an easily implementable method for realizing an in situ tunable magnetic field at the sample position in an ARPES experiment and analyze magnetic field induced artifacts in ARPES data. Specifically, we identified and quantified three distinct extrinsic effects of a magnetic field: Constant energy contour rotation, emission angle contraction, and momentum broadening. We examined these effects in three prototypical quantum materials, i.e., a topological insulator (Bi2Se3), an iron-based superconductor (LiFeAs), and a cuprate superconductor (Pb-Bi2Sr2CuO6+x), and demonstrate the feasibility of ARPES measurements in the presence of a controllable magnetic field. Our studies lay the foundation for the future development of the technique and interpretation of ARPES measurements of field-tunable quantum phases. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photoelectrons

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YAP-regulated type II alveolar epithelial cell differentiation mediated by human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome

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Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 2023年第1期159卷 114302-114302页

作者： Chen, Xiao-Yue Chen, Kuan-Yuan Feng, Po-Hao Lee, Kang-Yun Fang, Yu-Ting Chen, You-Yin Lo, Yu-Chun Bhavsar, Pankaj K. Chung, Kian Fan Chuang, Hsiao-Chi Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan School of Respiratory Therapy College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London United Kingdom Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University New Taipei City Taiwan Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Industrial Ph.D. Program of Biomedical Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) contributes to higher mortality worldwide. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have immunomodulatory and regenerative potential. However, the effects of hUC-MSCs as an ARDS treatment remain unclear. We investigated the role of hUC-MSCs in the differentiation of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) by regulating Yes-associated protein (YAP) in ARDS. Male C57BL/6JNarl mice were intratracheally (i.t.) administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an ARDS model, followed by a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of hUC-MSCs. hUC-MSCs improved pulmonary function, decreased inflammation on day 3, and mitigated lung injury by reducing the lung injury score and increasing lung aeration (%) in mice on day 7 (p < 0.05). hUC-MSCs inactivated YAP on AECII and facilitated cell differentiation by decreasing Pro-surfactant protein C (Pro-SPC) and galectin 3 (LGALS3) while increasing podoplanin (T1α) in lungs of mice (p < 0.05). In AECII MLE-12 cells, both coculture with hUC-MSCs after LPS exposure and the YAP inhibitor, verteporfin, reduced Pro-SPC and LGALS3, whereas the YAP inhibitor increased T1α expression (p < 0.05). In conclusion, hUC-MSCs ameliorated lung injury of ARDS and regulated YAP to facilitate AECII differentiation. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Alveoli Inflammation Pneumocytes Regeneration Stem cells

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Low-Velocity-Favored Transition Radiation

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第11期131卷 113002-113002页

作者： Jialin Chen Ruoxi Chen Fuyang Tay Zheng Gong Hao Hu Yi Yang Xinyan Zhang Chan Wang Ido Kaminer Hongsheng Chen Baile Zhang Xiao Lin Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center the Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 China Key Lab of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua 321099 China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Shaoxing 312000 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore

When a charged particle penetrates through an optical interface, photon emissions emerge—a phenomenon known as transition radiation. Being paramount to fundamental physics, transition radiation has enabled many applications from high-energy particle identification to novel light sources. A rule of thumb in transition radiation is that the radiation intensity generally decreases with the decrease of particle velocity v; as a result, low-energy particles are not favored in practice. Here, we find that there exist situations where transition radiation from particles with extremely low velocities (e.g., v/c<10−3) exhibits comparable intensity as that from high-energy particles (e.g., v/c=0.999), where c is the light speed in free space. The comparable radiation intensity implies an extremely high photon extraction efficiency from low-energy particles, up to 8 orders of magnitude larger than that from high-energy particles. This exotic phenomenon of low-velocity-favored transition radiation originates from the interference of the excited Ferrell-Berreman modes in an ultrathin epsilon-near-zero slab. Our findings may provide a promising route toward the design of integrated light sources based on low-energy electrons and specialized detectors for beyond-standard-model particles.

关键词： Atom or molecule scattering from surfaces Atomic & molecular collisions Cherenkov radiation Crystal optics Electron beams & optics Light-matter interaction Optical sources & detectors Optical transient phenomena Plasmonics

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Electronic excitations of α−Fe2O3 heteroepitaxial films measured by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the Fe L edge

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Physical Review B 2022年第7期105卷 075101-075101页

作者： David S. Ellis Ru-Pan Wang Deniz Wong Jason K. Cooper Christian Schulz Yi-De Chuang Yifat Piekner Daniel A. Grave Markus Schleuning Dennis Friedrich Frank M. F. de Groot Avner Rothschild Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel Department of Physics University of Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany Dynamics and Transport in Quantum Materials Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 12489 Berlin Germany Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP) Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel Department of Materials Engineering and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben Gurion University of the Negev Be'er Sheva 8410501 Israel Institute for Solar Fuels Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands

Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra of hematite (α−Fe2O3) were measured at the Fe L3 edge for heteroepitaxial thin films which were undoped and doped with 1% Ti, Sn, or Zn, in the energy-loss range in excess of 1 eV to study electronic transitions. The spectra were measured for several momentum transfers q, conducted at both low temperature (T=14 K) and room temperature. While we cannot rule out dispersive features possibly owing to propagating excitations, the coarse envelopes of the general spectra did not appreciably change shape with q, implying that the bulk of the observed L-edge RIXS intensity originates from (mostly) nondispersive ligand field excitations. Summing the RIXS spectra over q and comparing the results at T=14 K to those at T=300 K revealed pronounced temperature effects, including an intensity change and energy shift of the ≈1.4 eV peak, a broadband intensity increase of the 3–4 eV range, and higher energy features. The q-summed spectra and their temperature dependencies are virtually identical for nearly all of the samples with different dopants, save for the temperature dependence of the Ti-doped sample's spectrum, which we attribute to being affected by a large number of free charge carriers. Comparing with magnetization measurements for different temperatures and dopings likewise did not show a clear correlation between the RIXS spectra and the magnetic ordering states. To clarify the excited states, we performed spin multiplet calculations which were in excellent agreement with the RIXS spectra over a wide energy range and provide detailed electronic descriptions of the excited states. The implications of these findings to the photoconversion efficiency of hematite photoanodes is discussed.

关键词： Electronic structure Energy materials Strongly correlated systems Crystal-field theory Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy

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Molecular engineering of Azobenzene-Based Anolytes Towards High-Capacity Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

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Advanced Materials 2020年第49期132卷 22347-22354页

作者： Zu, Xihong Zhang, Leyuan Qian, Yumin Zhang, Changkun Yu, Guihua Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China

Aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising alternatives for large-scale energy storage. However, new organic redox-active molecules with good chemical stability and high solubility are still desired for high-performance aqueous RFBs due to their low crossover capability and high abundance. We report azobenzene-based molecules with hydrophilic groups as new active materials for aqueous RFBs by utilizing the reversible redox activity of azo groups. By rationally tailoring the molecular structure of azobenzene, the solubility is favorably improved from near zero to 2 M due to the highly charged asymmetric structure formed in alkaline environment. DFT simulations suggest that the concentrated solution stability can be enhanced by adding hydrotropic agent to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The demonstrated RFB exhibits long cycling stability with a capacity retention of 99.95% per cycle over 500 cycles. It presents a viable chemical design route towards advanced aqueous RFBs. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

关键词： Hydrogen bonds

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On-chip unidirectional waveguiding for surface acoustic waves along a defect line in a triangular lattice

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhou, Yun Zhang, Naiqing Bisharat, Diaaaldin J. Davis, Robert J. Zhang, Zichen Friend, James Bandaru, Prabhakar R. Sievenpiper, Daniel F. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093-0411 United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093-0411 United States Program in Materials Science University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093-0411 United States

The latest advances in topological physics have yielded a rich toolset to design highly robust wave transfer systems, for overcoming issues like beam steering and lateral diffraction in surface acoustic waves (SAWs). However, presently used designs for topologically protected SAWs have been largely limited to spin or valley-polarized phases, which rely on non-zero Berry curvature effects. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a highly robust SAW waveguide on lithium niobate (LiNbO3), based on a line defect within a true triangular phononic lattice, which instead employs an intrinsic chirality of phase vortices and maintains a zero Berry curvature. The guided SAW mode spans a wide bandwidth (Equation presented) and shows confinement in the lateral direction with 3 dB attenuation within half of the unit-cell length. SAW routing around sharp bends has been demonstrated in such waveguide, with less than ~4% reflection per bend. The waveguide has also been found robust for defect lines with different configurations. The fully on-chip system permits unidirectional SAW modes that are tightly bound to the waveguide, which provides a compact footprint ideal for miniaturization of practical applications and offers insight into the possibility of manipulating highly focused SAW propagation. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acoustic waves

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Asymmetric response of the Western North Pacific tropical cyclone genesis to symmetric CO2 pathway

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npj Climate and Atmospheric science 2025年第1期8卷 1-15页

作者： Hyunsuk Yoon Seok-Woo Son Jong-Seong Kug Jaeyeon Lee Hyeong-Seog Kim Chao Liu Soon-Il An Seung-Ki Min Sang-Wook Yeh School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program Princeton University Princeton NJ USA Ocean Science and Technology School Korea Maritime and Ocean University Busan South Korea Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang South Korea Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering Hanyang University Ansan South Korea

The responses of the western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) genesis and associated large-scale atmospheric environment to varying CO2pathways are investigated using an idealized CO2removal experiment. In the experiment, CO2concentration is first increased at the rate of 1% year−1until quadrupled and then decreased at the same rate until it reaches the initial level. Our results indicate asymmetric changes in WNP peak-season (July–September) TC genesis between CO2ramp-up and ramp-down periods, showing a significant reduction of TC genesis over the Philippine Sea and landfalling TCs in East Asia when the CO2concentration is reduced. Such TC activity changes are attributed to the development of WNP anticyclonic circulation in the ramp-down period, in association with an El Niño-like delayed response in sea surface temperature. This asymmetric response of WNP TC activities to symmetric CO2pathway may provide a reference for regional TC disaster prevention and preparations under mitigation conditions.

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Fabrication of PDMS-Stabilized porous silver films derived from recovered silver sources as flexible conductive materials

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Journal of Industrial and engineering Chemistry 2025年

作者： Natsuda Muankhajorn Sanong Ekgasit Akira Baba Wisansaya Jaikeandee Porapak Suriya Taveesak Janduang Kanet Wongravee Sensor Research Unit (SRU) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand Program in Petrochemistry and Polymer Science Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand Graduate School of Science and Technology and Faculty of Engineering Niigata University 8050 Ikarashi 2-nocho Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan Public Administration Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand

This study presents a straightforward and efficient approach for the fabricating flexible conductive materials by integrating porous silver films onto a PDMS substrate. The process involves oxidative acetoxylation of silver into silver acetate (AcOAg) using ethyl acetate, followed by thermal decomposition to generate a porous silver structure on the PDMS suitable for flexible electronics. The impact of different silver sources including pure silver beads and recovered silver microstructures (irregular sphere and plate-like shape from spent button batteries) on acetoxylation process was investigated. Regardless of the initial silver morphology, rod-shaped silver acetate (RS-AcOAg) formed consistently, demonstrating the silver acetoxylation reaction independence from the silver source. Upon thermal decomposition, RS-AcOAg transformed into porous silver films, but uncontrolled sintering resulted in rigid structures that degraded electrical properties. To improve conductive activities, the introduction of PDMS as a surface stabilizing agent effectively suppressed sintering, preserving porous structure. Electrical characterization revealed that non-PDMS-coated silver strips exhibited high relative resistance change (Δ R / R 0 ) values with irreversible behavior due to internal cracking, whereas PDMS-coated porous silver films demonstrate lower Δ R/R 0 values with excellent reversibility under mechanical strain (stretching and bending). These findings confirm that PDMS-stabilized porous silver films offer a promising route for flexible conductive materials, with enhanced structural integrity and mechanical durability.

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Impact of mining on land use land cover change and water quality in the Asutifi North District of Ghana, West Africa

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Environmental Challenges 2022年 6卷

作者： Gbedzi, Divine Dodzi Ofosu, Eric Antwi Mortey, Eric Mensah Obiri-Yeboah, Abena Nyantakyi, Emmanuel Kwesi Siabi, Ebenezer Kwadwo Abdallah, Faisal Domfeh, Martin Kyereh Amankwah-Minkah, Anna Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Earth Observation Research and Innovation Centre (EORIC) University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Department of Civil Engineering Kumasi Technical University Kumasi 00233 Ghana Faculty of Science and Techniques Doctoral Research Program in Climate Change and Energy (DRP-CCE) of the West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) Université Abdou Moumouni P.O. Box 10662 Niamey 8000 Niger

Surface and groundwater are important resources for human life and health. Land use changes and mining activities, however, have the potential to compromise the safety of these resources. This study aims to investigate the land cover conditions before and during mining activities and assess the impact on forests, surface, and groundwater resources in the Asutifi North District, Ghana. Landsat data of 30 m resolution was used to assess the land cover change from 2000 to 2020. A cross-sectional analysis of data between April to June 2004 to 2019 was used to assess water quality. The overall accuracy of the land cover classification ranged between (91.33–99.41)% and (78.01–85.95)% respectively for ground-truth validation and validation using the MODIS annual 500 m land cover dataset. Forest cover decreased by 11.47% while agriculture doubled from 12.13% to 24.06% between 2000 and 2020. The introduction of mining is responsible for major land cover changes including the conversion of forest to agricultural land through shifting cultivation. For a general assessment of water quality, the percentage of pH, TB, TDS, NH₃, Mg and SO₄ measurements outside the EPA admissible limits for drinking water is 16.67%, 83.33%, 0.69%, 0%, 10.42%, and 16.67% respectively. Turbidity is the most impacted water quality parameter affected by land cover changes while NH₃ is the least impacted parameter. The incidences of water quality outside EPA/WHO limits for drinking water at all monitoring points call for education and collective action to safeguard water sources from further deterioration. It is necessary mining companies adhere to environmental protection guidelines. © 2022

关键词： Groundwater Illegal mining Land use land cover change Surface water Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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In-Situ Determination of Moisture- and Temperature-Driven Deflection of an Encapsulated Si Photovoltaic Cell

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Slauch, Ian M. Gandhi, Hir Kumar, Rishi E. Sidawi, Tala Tracy, Jared Choudhury, Roy Kaushik Meier, Rico Fenning, David P. Bertoni, Mariana I. Arizona State University Fulton School of Engineering 650 E Tyler Mall TempeAZ United States University of California San Diego Materials Science Program La Jolla CA United States University of California San Diego Department of Nanoengineering La Jolla CA United States DuPont Photovoltaic and Advanced Materials WilmingtonDE United States

Module reliability and service lifetime are critical factors in improving photovoltaic system performance and reducing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Soldering and lamination of the cell impart residual stresses that persist over time and superimpose additional loads during operation. This paper demonstrates the use of X-ray Topography (XRT) to image in-situ the dynamic response of a glass/backsheet mini-module upon drying at elevated temperature after saturation at humidity levels used in accelerated testing. The local water content in the encapsulant is also determined in-situ over time via Water Reflectometric Detection (WaRD), with diffusion of water in the front (glass side) and rear (backsheet side) resolved. As water diffuses out from the back of the glass/backsheet module, the cell curves towards the backsheet concomitantly. The local cell deflections (changes in cell orientation) are correlated with the dynamic loss of water in the backside encapsulant. We conclude that the observed cell deflections are the result of hygroscopic stress induced by the encapsulant upon moisture outdiffusion. Therefore, the cell experiences a continually changing stress state and curvature dependent on local humidity and temperature. Depending on cell architecture and interconnection, this "breathing" mode of the cell may affect the disconnection of cracked pieces or cause wear out and fatigue of the interconnects, especially as elevated operating temperature allows a greater amount of water into the encapsulant. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Glass

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