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SHIP SERVICE ELECTRICAL systemS - designING FOR SURVIVABILITY

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第5期102卷 32-36页

作者： CERMINARA, J KOTACKA, RO John Cerminara:is a principal engineer with Westinghouse Machinery Technology Division Electrical Systems Department. He holds a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Pittsburgh. He is a registered professional engineer and a member of IEEE ASNE and the Ship Steering Group of the Combat Survivability Division of ADPA. Mr. Cerminara has had over 30 years of multidiscipline experience ranging from engineering and construction in heavy industry to standards and publications. Past assignments include DOE/ NASA wind turbine project manager for Westinghouse and task leader of MTD electrical systems. Most recent assignments have included hull mechanical and electrical (HM&E) distributive system survivability analyses of the LSD-41 mobility mission area and application and validation of NavSea computer-aided design of Survivable Distributive System (CADSDiS) Program. Rolf O. Kotacka:is presently a ship systems engineer in the Ship Systems Engineering Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command Engineering Directorate where his primary responsibility is ship system survivability. He is a 1977 graduate of SUNY Maritime College where he received his bachelor of engineering degree in marine electrical engineering as well as a U.S. Coast Guard Third Assistant Engineer License and a commission in the U. S. Naval Reserve. Upon graduation Mr. Kotacka was employed by Charleston Naval Shipyard as a field engineer until 1981 where he gained his background in surface ship HM&E systems and equipment. He then transferred to the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair Groton where he served as a senior electrical engineer monitoring the design and construction of Trident and 688 class submarines and received the Meritorious Unit Citation. Prior to his present position Mr. Kotacka was the life cycle manager for diesel generator sets in the Naval Sea Systems Command's Generators Branch. He has coauthored several papers dealing with power generation for ASE and SNAME. Mr. Kotacka is also a lieutena

This paper highlights the survivability concerns in the design of ship service power systems. The paper gives a brief description of what constitutes a typical ship service electric power system and concentrates on electric power generation and associated controls. Established survivability design principles and guidelines are highlighted and the application of those guidelines are discussed. General Specifications (Gen Specs) for Ships of the U.S. Navy are cited as the cornerstone for design. Specific design criteria are cited as well as the rationale associated with the survivability design guidelines pertaining to power generation and distribution. The application of these survivability design guidelines plus the use of the deactivation diagram/damage tolerance analysis cited in the Gen Spec section 072e will enhance overall design and help ensure survivable electric power systems for surface combatants.

关键词： Warships

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COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL LIFE ASSESSMENT OF PATROL BOAT BOTTOM PLATING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 253-262页

作者： AYYUB, BM WHITE, GJ BELLWRIGHT, TF PURCELL, ES Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an associate professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M.S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Ayyub has an extensive background in risk-based analysis. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability marine structures and mathematical modeling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work has been sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board National Science Foundation U.S. Coast Guard Department of Defense State of Maryland and University of Maryland. He is the author of more than 100 publications in national and international journals conference proceedings and reports. Dr. Ayyub was a recipient of the ASNE “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985 the ASCE “Outstanding Research Oriented Paper” in theJournal of Water Resources Planning and Managementfor 1987 and Edmund Friedman Young Engineer Award for Professional Achievement from ASCE for 1989. Gregory J. White:is an associate professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received his B.S. degreein engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M.E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. in civil engineering (structures) from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 as a junior officer in the engineering and operations departments of Pacific Fleet destroyers. Prior to coming to the Naval Academy he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific code and in the R&D division of Exxon International company's Tanker Department. Dr. White is the author of more than two dozen technical articles and reports and is one of the U.S. representatives to the International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC). His research interests lie in t

The estimation of an absolute life expectancy of a structure is a complex process and the results are expected to have relatively large levels of uncertainty. In this study, a comparative analysis is undertaken between two different patrol boats. This is an approach which results in a higher confidence level because certain factors common to both boats can be eliminated by assuming them to be at constant normal levels. The study is limited to the critical forward bottom plating and takes into account the differences in material, plate dimensions, operational profile, structure and loading of the two vessels. Two failure modes, plastic plate deformation and fatigue, are considered, and a novel approach to plate wastage is included. Many factors affect the structural life of a vessel. They include structural type, operational profile, structural details, loads, inspection and maintenance, design methods, safety factors, corrosion, and environmental factors. There are three types of uncertainty associated with these factors; namely, physical randomness, statistical uncertainties, and model uncertainties. The method described is designed to address these uncertainties. The objective of the paper is to present the reliability-based structural life assessment method, and then to use it to evaluate and compare the structural performance of the forward bottom plating of the two patrol boats. The results of the evaluation are presented in the form of graphs and tables in order to facilitate the comparative evaluation. The method is performed within a computer-based format which allows parametric sensitivity analysis of several variables including the size of the plating panel, thickness, operational profile and loading. The sensitivity of the structural life expectancy of the forward bottom plating to variations in these parameters is evaluated.

关键词： Naval Vessels

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CLEER - AN AI-system DEVELOPED TO ASSIST EQUIPMENT ARRANGEMENTS ON WARSHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 127-137页

作者： ZHOU, HH SILVERMAN, BG SIMKOL, J Dr. H. Harry Zhou:is a research professor at the Institute for Artificial Intelligence of The George Washington University. Dr. Zhou received his master's degree and Ph.D. in computer science from Vanderbilt University in 1984 and 1987 respectively. He did his dissertation in the fields of artificial intelligence analogical reasoning and machine learning. His research interests include: classifier systems genetic algorithms learning by analogy inductive learning adaptive expert systems automated knowledge acquisition and adaption. He is also interested in data base design programming languages mental modeling and software engineering. Dr. Barry G. Silverman:is director of the Institute for Artificial Intelligence and a professor at the Engineering Administration Department of The George Washington University. He is also president of IntelliTek Inc. an AI consulting firm. Dr. Silverman received the B.S.E. M.S.E. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania. He has been a principal developer of four generic AI products as well as eight AI applications. Since 1979 he has written over 100 papers and reports on these AI efforts. Joel Simkol:is a research scientist currently engaged in designing expert system architectures to support electronic warfare vulnerability analyses threat assessments shipboard topside antenna arrangements and C3countermeasures employment. Mr. Simkol's work in applying expert systems technology to electromagnetic interference and to spectrum management has generated increased interest and participation from all branches of government agencies.

This paper describes a modularized AI system being built to help improve electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) among shipboard topside equipment and their associated systems. CLEER is intended to act as an easy to use integrator of existing expert knowledge and pre-existing data bases and large scale analytical models. Due to these interfaces; to the need for portability of the software; and to artificial intelligence related design requirements (such as the need for spatial reasoning, expert data base management, model base management, track-based reasoning, and analogical (similar ship) reasoning) it was realized that traditional expert system shells would be inappropriate, although relatively off-the-shelf AI technology could be incorporated. In the same vein, the rapid prototyping approach to expert system design and knowledge engineering was not pursued in favor of a rigorous systems engineering methodology. The critical design decisions affecting CLEER's development are summarized in this paper along with lessons learned to date all in terms of “how,” “why,” and “when” specific features are being developed.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence

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ESTIMATION OF STRUCTURAL SERVICE LIFE OF SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 156-166页

作者： AYYUB, BM WHITE, GJ PURCELL, ES P.E. Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an associate professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M.S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Ayyub has an extensive background in risk-based analysis and design simulation and construction engineering. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability bridges marine structures and mathematical modeling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work is sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board the National Science Foundation the U.S. Coast Guard the State of Maryland and the University of Maryland. Dr. Ayyub is a member of ASNE the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) the American Concrete Institute (ACI) the Committee on Forensic Engineering of ASCE and the Committee on Structural Safety of ACI. He is the author of more than three dozen publications in national and international journals conference proceedings and reports. Dr. Ayyub received the ASNE “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985 and the ASCE “Outstanding Research Oriented Paper” in the Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management for 1987. Gregory J. White:is an associate professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received his B.S. degree in engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M.E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. in civil engineering (structures) from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 as a junior officer in the engineering and operations departments of Pacific Fleet destroyers. Prior to coming to the Naval Academy he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific code and in the R&D division of Exxon International Company's Tanker Department. Dr. White is a lieutenant commande

A methodology for the structural life assessment of a ship's structure is suggested. The methodology is based on probabilistic analysis using reliability concepts and the statistics of extremes. In this approach, the estimation of structural life expectancy is based on selected failure modes. All possible failure modes of the ship must be investigated and the most likely paths to structural failure identified. For the purpose of illustration two failure modes are considered in this study. They are plate plastic deformation and fatigue cracking. Structural life based on these two failure modes is determined for an example vessel. The methodology determines the probability of failure of the ship's structural components according to the identified failure modes as a function of time. The results can be interpreted as the cumulative probability distribution function (CDF) of structural life. Due to the unknown level of statistical correlation between failure modes, limits or bounds on the CDF of the structural life are established. The limits correspond to the extreme cases of fully correlated and independent failure modes. The CDFs of structural life are determined for two inspection strategies; namely, inspection every year and inspection every two years with a warranty inspection at the end of the first year. The meaning of the results for the case investigated in this study is that, for example, given an inspection strategy of two years and a desired life of 15 years, there is a 72% chance that the vessel will not experience enough partial damage‘ in the failure modes identified to constitute reaching the “end of structural life” as defined.

关键词： Ships

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ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN SHIP design ANALYSIS AND PRODUCTION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 233-242页

作者： PARKER, MN ODABASI, AY FITZSIMMONS, PA GOGGIN, CJ M.N. Parker:is a senior manager of the British Ship Research Association (BSRA) with particular responsibility for technical computing and CADCAM developments. He graduated in naval architecture and joined BSRA shortly after its formation in 1945 specializing in structural design and ship hydrodynamics. He became head of the computer division of BSRA in 1968 and was responsible for the development of the original BRITSHIPS system for numerical lofting and NC production subsequently enhanced as an interactive detail design and production system BRITSHIPS 2. From 1977 to 1979 he was manager of BSRA technical services with a responsibility for marketing software and technology on a world wide basis. A.Y. Odabasi:is a former professor of naval architecture at the Technical University of Istanbul Turkey. Dr. Odabasi has been at BSRA since 1975 and now holds the position “Senior Scientist.” His principal work has been in 3-D ship boundary layers ship stability seakeeping cavitation induced hull excitation propeller-hull interaction and computer aided ship design. P.A. Fitzsimmons:has been at BSRA since 1971 and holds the position Manager Numerical Hydromechanics. His principal areas of work have been ducted propeller design propeller design and analysis propeller and wake induced excitation wave criteria and computer aided ship design. C.J. Goggin:has been employed at BSRA since 1979 and currently holds a position of Principal Research Officer in the Computer Applications Department. Areas of speciality are in the application of computer aided design to shipbuilding and ship design. He is presently responsible for the development and application of the B-LINES hull form design system.

Within the last ten years ship design, shipbuilding and ship operation have witnessed the emergence of new microcomputer technologies which have had a dramatic impact on the way ships are designed, built and operated. This paper presents the development of the BRITDES computer aided design and detailing system and its utilisation of microcomputers in ship design, analysis and production.

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computer AIDS FOR SHIP design, INTEGRATION AND CONTROL

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 73-87页

作者： CARLSON, CM JOHNSON, RA HELMING, FW Mr. Craig M. Carlson received his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1970 and began his career with the Department of the Navy at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). In 1972. he returned to the University of Michigan under the NAVSEC Long Term Training Program and received his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. After returning to the Ship Arrangements Branch at NAVSEC. he was assigned as Task Leader for General Arrangements for the PGG PCG PHM. and MCM ship designs and was awarded Outstanding Performance Awards in 1974 and 1975. In addition he was Manager of the Arrangement Subsystem of the Navy's Computer-Aided Ship Design and Construction Program (CASDAC). In October 1979. he became Manager of the CASDAC Hull Design System. Currently. he also is enrolled in the M.S. of Computer Science Program at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson previously has presented technical papers at ASNE Day 1974 and 1978 as well as at the 1979 DOD Manufacturing Technology Advisory Group Conference. Besides ASNE. which he joined in 1972. he is a member of SNAME. ASE. and the U.S. Naval Institute. Mr. Robert A. Johnson is a Naval Architect in Surface Combatants Design (SEA 03D3). Ship Design Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received an Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959. his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965. and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970. all from the Pennsylvania State University. In 1973. he was selected for the NA VSEC Hull Division s Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan subsequently receiving his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his career with the Ordnance Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he worked. on the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow induced structural vibrations. In 1967 he joined HRB-Singer at State Colle

This paper presents an integrated approach to computer-aided Ship design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull design system (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship designer and design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computer science.

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INNOVATIONS IN computer-aided-design OF MARINE TURBINES USING INTERACTIVE GRAPHICS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 207-217页

作者： GINGRICH, JK WINTER, RL Mr. John K. Gingrich joined the General Electric Company after his graduation from Lafayette College in 1948. His early assignments were with the General Engineering Laboratory and the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory in Schenectady. N. Y. He joined the Marine Turbine and Gear Department in 1968 as Manager Engineering Administration. and assumed his present assignment as Manager Engineering Resource Planning & Administration in 1976. Mr. Gingrich was instrumental in procuring the Interactive Graphics System for the Medium Steam Department. having headed up the Study Team and is now responsible for the Interactive Graphics Systems management including new procurements. He is a member of the American Institute of Design Drafting and is currently the Chairman of the Computer-Aided Drafting Committee in that organization. Mr. Reinhold L. Winter is a graduate of the General Electric Apprentice Program and Salem State College from which he received his B.S. degree in Business Administration. He has nineteen years experience with the General Electric Company including eight years in Business Systems and Programming two years in Computer Operations Management and six years in his present position as Manager Engineering Business Systems. He was a member of the original Study Team that investigated and selected the present Applicon Interactive Graphics (IAG) equipment and currently is responsible for the management of software and hardware support for the ZAG Facility.

This paper discusses the Interactive Graphics system used by the General Electric Company, Medium Steam Turbine department (Engineering & Manufacturing) for designing, drafting, and manufacturing applications. A brief overview of the hardware malting up the system is described, followed by a more detailed description of the actual applications. Two-dimensional applications described include a Heat Balance Analysis, Flow Diagrams, and Electrical Schematics. A more fruitful area for increased productivity gains is described in the three-dimensional or mechanical applications including turbine design & layout and bucket design. coordination of the design with manufacturing for numerical control tape generation is described through CAM and Plate Frame Cutting applications. Finally, a short review of the engineering design work using Interactive Graphics is discussed. Productivity gains of 2.6 to 1 are being realized, and the overall savings to the Medium Steam department are outlined.

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