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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： J.A. Hamilton E.J. Sobiesk J.C. Deal Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science United States Military Academy West Point NY USA Command Control Communications Computers C4 Modernization Office of the Deputy for Information Systems Washington D.C. DC USA

Rapid advances in technology have greatly enhanced capabilities to acquire and attack targets. We argue that future fire support organizations will have to rapidly expand and collapse to support the increased tempo of 21st century warfare. Expert systems can be used in many places and may, at times, replace some personnel at some levels of the fire support hierarchy. New technology, an uncertain post-Cold War world and a declining force structure have made simulation a critical means for discovering and developing new doctrine. Military fire support channels are hierarchical, paralleling the maneuver units they support. In combat, these command levels operate simultaneously with varying levels of dependence and interaction. A multilevel simulation strategy is necessary to integrate different fire support echelons into the same simulation. This paper discusses how multilevel simulation can support the development of both Joint Vision 2010 and Force XXI fire support doctrine, and how expert systems may be used to facilitate the dynamic expansion and collapse of fire support organizations.

关键词： Fires Weapons Military computing Information systems Expert systems Computational modeling computer science Military communication Communication system control control systems

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computer Aided control systems Design for Hydraulic Drives

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1997年第4期30卷 359-364页

作者： B. Stein E. Vier Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (Prof. Dr. H. Kleine Büning) Knowledge-based systems University of Paderborn D-33104 Paderborn Germany. Phone: +49 (5251) 60 - 3348 Fax: +49 (5251) 60 - 3338 Department of Measurement and Control (Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Schwarz) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Duisburg D-47048 Duisburg Germany. Phone: +49 (203) 379 - 1583 Fax: +49 (203) 379 - 3027

The design of hydraulic control systems is a complex and time-consuming task that, at the moment, cannot be automated completely. Nevertheless, important design subtasks like simulation or control concept selection can be efficiently supported by a computer. Prerequisite for a successful support is a well-founded analysis of a hydraulic system's structure. The paper in hand contributes right here. It provides a systematics for analyzing a hydraulic system at different structural levels and illustrates how structural information can be used within the design process. A further central matter of this paper is the automatic extraction of structural information from a circuit diagram by means of graph-theoretical investigations.

关键词： Algorithms and Knowledge-based Software Tools for CACSD Structural Analysis of Hydraulic systems Graph Theory

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Hot methanol extraction for the analysis of volatile organic chemicals in subsurface core samples from Dover Air Force Base, Delaware

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1997年第1期17卷 104-121页

作者： Ball, WP Xia, G Durfee, DP Wilson, RD Brown, MJ Mackay, DM William P. Ball is an assistant professor in the Department of Geography and environmental engineering at Johns Hopkins University (313 Ames Hall 3400 N. Charles St. Baltimore MD 21218). His research interests are in the physical and chemical processes that control contaminant fate in aqueous systems both in the natural environment and in engineered processes of treatment and remediation. Recent work has included both laboratory and computer modeling studies related to contaminant fate and transport in subsurface environments. Ball holds M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in environmental engineering and science from Stanford University and a B.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Virginia. He is a registered pro-fessional engineer in the state of Virginia. Guoshou Xia is a Ph.D. candidate at Johns Hopkins University He was previously a lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering at Southeast University in China. He received his B.S. degree in chemistry from Hefei University and his M.S. degree in environmental engineering from East China University of Chemical Technology. His current research interests are in the area ofsubsurface contaminant transport with emphasis on better understanding the nature of organic contaminant interactions with subsurface solids. Donald P. Durfee received his M.S. degree in environmental engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1993 and is currently a Ph.D. student at Johns Hopkins. He is studying contaminant fate and transport in the subsurface and is also interested in site characterization and remediation issues. Ryan D. Wilson is a research associate and Ph.D. student in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario. His research interests include field and modeling studies of semipassive remediation technologies and the behavior of gaseous tracers. Wilson received his B.Sc. in geology from the University of Alberta in 1987 and his M.Sc. in earth sciences (hydrogeology) from the University of Waterloo in 1993. Michael J. Br

The evaluation of contaminant concentrations in ground water and soil is an essential aspect of most hazardous waste remedial investigations. This paper describes methods applied toward obtaining, preserving, and analyzing subsurface samples for the determination of VOC concentrations in the saturated region of an unconfined coastal plain aquifer at Dover Air Force Base (DAFB), Delaware. The described protocol involved headspace-free subsampling of cores, field preservation of subsamples in methanol, and overnight extraction of the VOCs at elevated temperature (70 degrees C). Methanol-extracted compounds were subsequently transferred to hexane and analyzed by gas chromatography. The method was found to achieve quantitative extraction from the aquifer sands in a single step, although extraction from fine-grained and more strongly sorbing aquitard samples required multiple methanol extractions to achieve comparable recovery. An extensive set of DAFB results is presented as an indication of how these methods can be applied toward characterizing field-scale contamination with a high degree of resolution and accuracy. These data have enabled a quantitative estimate of the contaminant distribution at this site and offer valuable insight into processes of contaminant migration into the underlying aquitard. In these regards, the methods used are believed to have provided much more accurate results than could have been obtained using more commonly applied techniques.

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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A Bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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Internal force-based impedance control for cooperating manipulators

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION 1996年第1期12卷 78-89页

作者： Bonitz, RG Hsia, TC Systems Controland Robotics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis CA USA

An internal force-based impedance control scheme for cooperating manipulators is introduced which controls the motion of the objects being manipulated and the internal force on the objects. The controller enforces a relationship between the velocity of each manipulator and the internal force on the manipulated objects. Each manipulator is directly given the properties of an impedance by the controller;thus, eliminating the gain limitation inherent in the structure of previously proposed schemes. The controller uses the forces sensed at the robot end effecters to compensate for the effects of the objects' dynamics and to compute the internal force using only kinematic relationships. Thus, knowledge of the objects' dynamics is not required. Stability of the system is proven using Lyapunov theory and simulation results are presented validating the proposed concepts. The effect of computational delays in digital control implementations is analyzed vis-a-vis stability and a lower bound derived on the size of the desired manipulator inertia relative to the actual manipulator endpoint inertia. The bound is independent of the sample time.

关键词： Impedance Force control Motion control Manipulator dynamics Velocity control Robot sensing systems End effectors Kinematics Stability Computational modeling

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Implementation of the velocities of the end-effector with the distributed arithmetic architecture

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC systems 1996年第4期17卷 387-417页

作者： Grigoriadis, GK Mertzios, BG Automatic Control Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Democritus University of Thrace 67100 Xanthi Greece

The fast implementation of the linear and of the angular velocities of the end-effector of robotic manipulators, using the distributed arithmetic technique is described. The linear and angular velocities of the end-effector as well as the positional and the orientational Jacobian matrices is calculated by a cascade configuration of two pipelined arrays. The building blocks of the arrays are the distributed arithmetic-based circuits that implement the matrix-vector multiplications involved in the calculations. The digit-serial configuration of the proposed implementation of the linear and angular velocities of the end-effector is described, while the serial and the parallel configurations may result as special cases of the digit-serial configuration. The proposed distributed arithmetic computer architecture may be used in the real-time operation of the robot control system that requires the on-line computation of the position, of the linear and angular velocities of the end-effector and of the Jacobian matrix.

关键词： robot kinematics linear velocity angular velocity positional and orientational Jacobian matrices fast implementation pipelining distributed arithmetic and end-effector

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Fast algorithms for basic processing and analysis operations on block-represented binary images

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PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS 1996年第14期17卷 1437-1450页

作者： Spiliotis, IM Mertzios, BG Automatic Control Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Democritus University of Thrace Xanthi 67100 Greece

This paper describes a binary image representation scheme, called Image Block Representation and presents new algorithms for a number of basic binary image processing and analysis operations, which are rapidly implemented on block-represented binary images. The main purpose of the Image Block Representation is to provide an efficient binary image representation that permits the execution of operations on image areas instead of image points.

关键词： image block representation image normalization image measurements logic operations

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A unified adaptive active control mechanism for noise cancellation and vibration suppression

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MECHANICAL systems AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1996年第6期10卷 667-682页

作者： Tokhi, MO Hossain, MA Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering The University of Sheffield Sheffield U.K. Department of Computer Science University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh

This paper presents the design and implementation of an active control mechanism for noise cancellation and vibration suppression within an adaptive control framework. A control mechanism is designed within a feedforward control structure on the basis of optimum cancellation at an observation point. The design relations are formulated such that to allow on-line design and implementation and thus result in a self-tuning control algorithm. The algorithm is implemented on an integrated digital signal processing (DSP) and transputer system. Simulation results verifying the performance of the algorithm are presented and discussed. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited

关键词： Adaptive control systems

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Improved performance model reference adaptive control with parameter mismatch compensation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC control 1996年第2期41卷 224-228页

作者： Papadakis, INM Thomopoulos, SCA Decision and Control Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA

An adaptive controller with improved performance characteristics is introduced. The proposed controller extends recent results in this area since it achieves performance improvement of the zero-state output error in t... 详细信息

关键词： performance characteristics compensated model reference adaptive control performance boost PERFORMANCE MODELING adaptive controller outlet error adaptive control

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