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Integrated ground penetrating radar and deep learning approach for rebar diameter classification in concrete elements

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Frontiers of structural and Civil engineering 2025年第4期19卷 524-540页

作者： Mostafa KHEDR Mahmoud METAWIE Mohamed MARZOUK Integrated Engineering Design Management Program Faculty of EngineeringCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt Structural Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt

Traditional evaluation of reinforced rebar in concrete elements involves destructive methods that may harm the *** paper introduces a framework that adopts non-destructive techniques to classify rebar in reinforced concrete *** framework integrates Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR)with deep learning to automate rebar detection and analysis in concrete *** framework consists of four stages:Data sets Creation,Data sets Processing,Steel Rebar Detection Model,and Transfer *** deep learning models are tested to choose the highest-performing *** YOLO v8 model outperforms Faster R-CNN and YOLO *** selected YOLO v8 model is trained on experimental and site data and then tested on real data from the building to validate the model’s accuracy and ability to classify rebar *** GPR with deep learning can potentially improve the accuracy and efficiency of rebar detection in structural assessments.

关键词： reinforced concrete inspection non-destructive testing GPR rebar diameter classification deep learning YOLO v8

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Point cloud classification and part segmentation of steel structure elements

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4387-4407页

作者： Daif, Hassan Marzouk, Mohamed Integrated Engineering Design Management Program Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza12613 Egypt Structural Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza12613 Egypt Badr City Cairo11829 Egypt

The classification and part segmentation of point clouds have gained significant attention in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), especially in the construction industry. However, addressing the dataset directly in AI models remains a challenge, as most existing methods are not well-suited for processing point cloud data. PointNet has emerged as an AI architecture algorithm. It transforms individual points independently to learn local and global features. This research aims to develop a comprehensive framework for classification and part segmentation for point clouds of steel structure elements. The framework enhances the accuracy of the PointNet algorithm, and it consists of three stages: (1) dataset creation;(2) model classification;and (3) part segmentation. First, the dataset creation procedure encompasses modeling steel columns, beams, and braces using Autodesk Revit software. For the classification dataset, a dataset comprising 580 columns and 920 beams is obtained. In the part segmentation dataset, five categories of steel braced frame elements are generated, yielding a total of 21,870 elements for braced frame structures. Several point cloud experiments have been applied, including adjusting the number of points in the point cloud, altering the batch size, and fine-tuning the number of epochs. These experimental settings were systematically investigated to identify the optimal combination that yields the highest (AI) model accuracy. PointNet model achieved 100% accuracy across all classification experiments, while part segmentation experiments reached up to 97.10% accuracy, with a mean intersection over union (MIOU) of 93.70%. The comprehensive analysis of the point cloud dataset is applied on an actual case study to demonstrate the practical features of the proposed research. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Steel structures

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Influence of Fly Ash on Refractory Properties and Microstructural Characteristics of Sustainable Refractory Bricks

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A 2024年第2期105卷 317-329页

作者： Sahani, Ashok K. Ghosh, Sudipta Samanta, Amiya K. Adhikari, Ratan Department of Design Durgapur Steel Plant Steel Authority of India Limited West Bengal Durgapur713203 India Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Durgapur West Bengal Durgapur713209 India Structural Engineering Laboratory Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Durgapur West Bengal Durgapur713209 India Structural Analysis and Design Department West Bengal Kolkata700055 India

In the present experimental investigation, an attempt has been made to utilize fly ash in different proportions in combination with kaolin clay and fire clay to develop sustainable refractory brick. Six different types of sustainable refractory bricks were cast by combining and replacing kaolin clay and fire clay with 10%, 20%, and 30% of fly ash, respectively, adding 4–6% of water. Semi-dry mixed mortar was hydraulically pressed to make bricks using a friction press machine and burnt in the electric furnace at 950 °C and 1150 °C and in the tunnel kiln furnace at 1350 °C. The bulk density, apparent porosity, and refractory properties viz. cold crushing strength, and linear shrinkage tests were performed on the prepared bricks. The microstructural characteristics have been investigated using X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. The favorable test features suggest that there is an option to use fly ash up to 20% in the production of moderate heat duty refractory brick. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis indicate that usage of fly ash in place of fire clay or kaolin clay up to 20% aids in vitrification, which results in high cold crushing strength. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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Deep symbolic regression for numerical formulation of fundamental period in concentrically steel-braced RC frames

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Asian Journal of Civil engineering 2024年第6期25卷 4725-4744页

作者： Rahman, Taimur Sultana, Shamima Ahmed, Tanjir Momin, Md. Farhad Provasha, Afra Anam Department of Civil Engineering World University of Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science & amp Engineering University of Asia Pacific Dhaka Bangladesh Structural Design Engineer Doric Design and Architect Dhaka Bangladesh

This research explores the use of Deep Symbolic Regression (DSR) to develop a sophisticated predictive model for the fundamental period of vibration in concentrically steel-braced reinforced concrete (RC) frames. Traditional empirical models often overlook complex interactions within structural dynamics during seismic events, a gap this study addresses by deriving tailored equations for various bracing configurations such as Cross bracing, Diagonal bracing, and Chevron bracing. The model development incorporates an iterative refinement process utilizing DSR techniques to enhance accuracy and applicability in predicting seismic responses. Further refinement and optimization are achieved using the L-BFGS-B algorithm, ensuring robustness and adherence to safety standards. Validation against actual structural data reveals that our proposed equations achieve high predictive accuracy, with R-squared values up to 0.8247 and RMSE values as low as 0.2119, consistently presenting lower error metrics across various configurations compared to those found in established seismic design standards, such as ASCE, Eurocode, and Japan’s Building Standards. Comparative analyses and Bland–Altman plots confirm that the models not only match but often surpass the accuracy of traditional formulas, validating their potential as reliable tools in structural engineering for earthquake resilience planning. The findings demonstrate DSR’s potential to revolutionize traditional practices in formulating empirical equations, offering a scientifically rigorous, data-driven methodology for more accurately predicting the dynamic responses of structures under seismic loads. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Concentric bracing Deep symbolic regression (DSR) Fundamental period of vibration Machine learning (ML) Numerical formulation Steel-braced reinforced concrete frames

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Flexural behavior of textile reinforced mortar-autoclaved lightweight aerated concrete composite panels

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Frontiers of structural and Civil engineering 2024年第5期18卷 776-787页

作者： Liying GUO Mingke DENG Wei ZHANG Tong LI Yangxi ZHANG Mengyu CAO Xian HU Department of Civil Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China Key Lab of Structural Engineering and Earthquake Resistance Ministry of Education(XAUAT)Xi’an 710055China Scene engineering design institute Xi’an 710016China Dahua Group Shang hai 200062China

To improve the deficiencies of prefabricated autoclaved lightweight aerated concrete(ALC)panel such as susceptibility to cracking and low load-bearing capacity,a textile-reinforced mortar-autoclaved lightweight aerated concrete(TRM-ALC)composite panel was developed in this *** group of reference ALC panels and five groups of TRM-ALC panels were fabricated and subjected to four-point flexural *** was applied on the tensile side of the ALC panels to create *** variable parameters were the plies of textile(one or two),type of textile(basalt or carbon),and whether the matrix(without textile)was applied on the compression side of *** results showed that a bonding only 8-mm-thick TRM layer on the surface of the ALC panel could increase the cracking load by 180%−520%.The flexural capacity of the TRM-ALC panel increased as the number of textile layers *** reinforcement of the matrix on the compressive side could further enhance the stiffness and ultimate loadbearing capacity of the TRM-ALC *** panels with basalt textile failed in flexural mode,with the rupture of fabric *** with carbon textile failed in shear mode due to the ultra-high tensile strength of *** addition,analytical models related to the different failure modes were presented to estimate the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the TRM-ALC panels.

关键词： prefabricated autoclaved lightweight aerated concrete panel textile-reinforced mortar cracking load flexural capacity stiffness

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Application of the Computed Tomography in structural engineering 1

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International Symposium of the International Federation for structural Concrete, fib Symposium 2023

作者： Grzesiak, Szymon Pahn, Matthias Basters, René de Sousa, Christoph Department of Civil Engineering Concrete Structures and Structural Design University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern67663 Germany

ISBN: (数字)9783031325199

ISBN: (纸本)9783031325182

Imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) enable interior screening of the object - not only for medical diagnosis in humans but also for x-ray materials. Currently, there are many applications in the field of structural engineering, which can be very informative for research and possibly even represent a milestone in basic research in material science. Special attention is given to CT recordings of damage in concrete specimens. Here it is necessary to mention damages such as cracks or discontinuities like pores. However, the maximum sample size is limited, and the CT can only examine relatively small samples, there is planned a test procedure with the larger specimens. To be able to examine reinforced concrete samples non-destructively, a worldwide unique CT system is being built on the campus of the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. This system will enable the CT scan of specimens the size of six meters. In addition, the components can be stressed and even destroyed at the same time during the X-ray exposure. The three-dimensional recordings during the static or dynamic loads provide information about damage processes inside the specimen and the formation of cracks and structural changes that occur in the process. This article illustrates the application possibilities of computed tomographic image recordings in structural engineering on different materials. The experimental investigations are discussed with different possible research questions. Finally, the numerous examples are supplemented with their own experimental results. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： structural health monitoring

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Nervi’s Isostatic Lines’ Inspired Floor Slabs. Beyond the Archetypal Gatti Woolen Mill in Rome 2nd

Nervi’s Isostatic Lines’ Inspired Floor Slabs. Beyond the...

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2nd Italian Workshop on Shell and Spatial Structures, IWSS 2023

作者： Lembo, Marta Bologna, Alberto Romeo, Francesco Department of Architecture Construction and Design Polytechnic of Bari Bari Italy Department of Architecture and Design Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031443275

In 1949 the construction company Nervi & Bartoli patented in Italy a construction system for two-dimensional structures with ribs bent in accordance with isostatic lines of bending moments or normal stresses, invented by an engineer from its staff: Aldo Arcangeli. In the years to come "isostatic lines" ribbed slab would become one of the main and distinctive archetypes used by Pier Luigi Nervi throughout the world. This is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete ribbed slab combining static efficiency with aesthetic and spatial qualities. The paper will present different case-studies, demonstrating (with a trans-disciplinary approach) how and when aesthetic, static and constructive issues overcome a rigorous mathematical morphogenesis. Case studies will show how the different patterns of the ribs are influenced both by structural instances (e.g. geometry, loads and constraints) and by the specificities imposed by each design and building site (e.g. use, craftmanship, economy, and replicability). © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Piers

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Developing an Experimentable Digital Twin of a Novel Forestry Machine: Application, Experiences, and Benefits 14

Developing an Experimentable Digital Twin of a Novel Forestr...

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14th International Workshop on structural Health Monitoring: designing SHM for Sustainability, Maintainability, and Reliability, IWSHM 2023

作者： Schmid, Sebastian Dahmen, Ulrich Shao, Longxiang Schroder, Kai-Uwe Rossmann, Jurgen Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design Department of Mechanical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781605956930

The forestry sector in central Europe aims for a fully mechanized wood harvest. This goal is currently restricted by the limited reach of forest harvesters on the market and legislative specifications on the distance between skid trails. As a consortium of industry and academia, we are developing a novel forestry machine that is designed to fell and skid trees in the inter-field between skid trails and which is equipped with a lightweight boom for an extended reach;to date, felling in the inter-field is not reachable for harvesters and is done in manual labor. As a key risk, overturning the whole forestry vehicle prevents a transfer of current harvester designs to an extended reach. To avoid overturning, we apply a consequent lightweight design for the boom of the new forestry machine. The development of the forestry vehicle will be supported by a versatile use of Experimentable Digital Twins (EDT), which are one promising concept to push the idea of Digital Twins into practice. The EDT allows for interaction in a pure virtual or in a hybrid environment. The tasks of EDT in the context of the new forestry machine will include a virtual prototype in the development phase, a driver assistance system in the operational phase, and a central hub for a strain-based monitoring system in the operational phase. This contribution gives an insight into our present work on the EDT of the novel forestry machine, emphasizing the load monitoring system of the lightweight boom. On a conceptual level, we present the load monitoring system, addressing the challenges specific to this application. We outline the proposed strain sensor distribution and describe the interaction with the EDT. © 2023 by DEStech Publi cations, Inc. All rights reserved

关键词： Harvesters

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Drone-based acquisition of as-built models for the automation of processes within the digital management of bridge assets 8th

Drone-based acquisition of as-built models for the automatio...

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8th International Symposium on Reliability engineering and Risk Management, ISRERM 2022

作者： Kaufmann, F. Tschickardt, T. Glock, C. Department of Civil Engineering Institute of Concrete Structures and Structural Design TU Kaiserslautern - University of Technology Germany Digital Construction Manager Wayss and Freytag Ingenieurbau AG Corporate Development and Process Management Germany Concrete and Masonry Structures Department of Civil Engineering Institute of Concrete Structures and Structural Design TU Kaiserslautern - University of Technology Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789811851841

Particularly in the execution and operation phase, little research has been done on how data and information can be automatically acquired and integrated into building information models (BIMs). The presented approach thus includes autonomous data acquisition with UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicle), semantic information extraction and an update of existing BIMs. All steps shall be automated to enable real-time information delivery in short cycles. Based on the 4D-Monitoring-BIM (4D-MBIM), relevant components are identified and waypoints for the drone-based data acquisition are derived. Subsequently, the UAV mission is planned based on the 4DMBIM, considering the data acquisition technology, possible obstacles and other boundary conditions. The UAV mission and quality of acquired data is evaluated within a full simulation of the data acquisition mission. The data acquisition is carried out by means of autonomously operating UAVs. Within the acquired point clouds, a semantic segmentation using Machine Learning methods is performed to detect objects. Per object class, single objects are clustered and subsequently (i) a full BIM reconstruction, (ii) BIM to scan comparison and (iii) further information extraction e.g., concrete crack and spalling detection, is performed. All information will be represented according to the BIM methodology using open standards. © 2022 ISRERM Organizers. Published by Research Publishing, Singapore.

关键词： Drones

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Analysis of mechanical behavior of bond between plain rebar and concrete 8th

Analysis of mechanical behavior of bond between plain rebar ...

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8th International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil engineering, IALCCE 2023

作者： Gao, X. Yu, Y. Su, C. Li, J. Department of Structural Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Shandong Provincial Architecture Design and Research Institute China

ISBN: (纸本)9781003323020

The analysis of the bond properties of plain rebars to concrete is of great significance for the identification and strengthening of historic buildings. This study investigates the bonding mechanism of plain rebars to concrete through theoretical analysis of pull-out tests. The normal stress at the contact interface due to the difference in Poisson’s ratio between reinforcement and concrete and the resulting bond stress are quantified through the combination of elastic mechanics and fracture mechanics. The energy release rate is introduced in the analysis to elucidate that when the crack extension force is greater than the frictional resistance at the debonding interface, the bond-slip curve will drop precipitously after reaching the peak point (cliff type), and conversely the curve decreases slowly under abrasive wear (slope type). According to the theory, the bond-slip curve of plain rebar and concrete can be predicted. © 2023 The Author(s).

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