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Emulating the impact of additional proton–proton interactions in the ATLAS simulation by presampling sets of inelastic Monte Carlo events

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Computing and Software for Big science 2022年第1期6卷 1-35页

作者： Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abbott, D.C. Abud, A. Abed Abeling, K. Abhayasinghe, D.K. Abidi, S.H. AbouZeid, O.S. Abraham, N.L. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Abulaiti, Y. Hoffman, A. C. Abusleme Acharya, B.S. Achkar, B. Adam, L. Bourdarios, C. Adam Adamczyk, L. Adamek, L. Adelman, J. Adiguzel, A. Adorni, S. Adye, T. Affolder, A.A. Afik, Y. Agapopoulou, C. Agaras, M.N. Aggarwal, A. Agheorghiesei, C. Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A. Ahmad, A. Ahmadov, F. Ahmed, W.S. Ai, X. Aielli, G. Akatsuka, S. Akbiyik, M. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akilli, E. Akimov, A.V. Khoury, K. Al Alberghi, G.L. Albert, J. Verzini, M. J. Alconada Alderweireldt, S. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexopoulos, T. Alfonsi, A. Alfonsi, F. Alhroob, M. Ali, B. Ali, S. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Allaire, C. Allbrooke, B.M.M. Allport, P.P. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alpigiani, C. Camelia, E. Alunno Estevez, M. Alvarez Alviggi, M.G. Coutinho, Y. Amaral Ambler, A. Ambroz, L. Amelung, C. Amidei, D. Santos, S. P. Amor Dos Amoroso, S. Amrouche, C.S. Anastopoulos, C. Andari, N. Andeen, T. Anders, J.K. Andrean, S.Y. Andreazza, A. Andrei, V. Anelli, C.R. Angelidakis, S. Angerami, A. Anisenkov, A.V. Annovi, A. Antel, C. Anthony, M.T. Antipov, E. Antonelli, M. Antrim, D.J.A. Anulli, F. Aoki, M. Pozo, J. A. Aparisi Aparo, M.A. Bella, L. Aperio Aranzabal, N. Ferraz, V. Araujo Arcangeletti, C. Arce, A.T.H. Arguin, J.-F. Argyropoulos, S. Arling, J.-H. Armbruster, A.J. Armstrong, A. Arnaez, O. Arnold, H. Tame, Z. P. Arrubarrena Artoni, G. Asada, H. Asai, K. Asai, S. Asbah, N.A. Asimakopoulou, E.M. Asquith, L. Assahsah, J. Assamagan, K. Astalos, R. Atkin, R.J. Atkinson, M. Atlay, N.B. Atmani, H. Atmasiddha, P.A. Augsten, K. Austrup, V.A. Avolio, G. Ayoub, M.K. Azuelos, G. Babal, D. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Backman, F. Bagnaia, P. Bahrasemani, H. Bailey, A.J. Bailey, V.R. Baines, J.T. Bakalis, C. Baker, O.K. Bakker, P.J. Bakos, E. Gupta, D. Bakshi Balaji, S. Balasubramanian, R. Baldin, E.M. Balek, P. Balli, F. Balunas, W.K. Balz, J. Banas, E. Bandieramonte, M. Bandyopadhyay, A. Barak, L. Barbe, W.M. Ba Department of Physics University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia Physics Department SUNY Albany Albany NY United States Department of Physics University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Department of Physics Ankara University Ankara Turkey Istanbul Aydin University Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies Istanbul Turkey Division of Physics TOBB University of Economics and Technology Ankara Turkey LAPP Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France High Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL United States Department of Physics University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States Department of Physics University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX United States Physics Department National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Physics Department National Technical University of Athens Zografou Greece Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin Austin TX United States Bahcesehir University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Bilgi University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istanbul Turkey Department of Physics Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey Department of Physics Engineering Gaziantep University Gaziantep Turkey Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Physics Department Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing China University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS) Beijing China Institute of Physics University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California Berkeley CA United States Institut für Physik Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany Albert Ei

The accurate simulation of additional interactions at the ATLAS experiment for the analysis of proton–proton collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider presents a significant challenge to the computing resources. During the LHC Run 2 (2015–2018), there were up to 70 inelastic interactions per bunch crossing, which need to be accounted for in Monte Carlo (MC) production. In this document, a new method to account for these additional interactions in the simulation chain is described. Instead of sampling the inelastic interactions and adding their energy deposits to a hard-scatter interaction one-by-one, the inelastic interactions are presampled, independent of the hard scatter, and stored as combined events. Consequently, for each hard-scatter interaction, only one such presampled event needs to be added as part of the simulation chain. For the Run 2 simulation chain, with an average of 35 interactions per bunch crossing, this new method provides a substantial reduction in MC production CPU needs of around 20%, while reproducing the properties of the reconstructed quantities relevant for physics analyses with good accuracy. © 2022, The Author(s).

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Vascular Stenosis Detection Using Temporal-Spectral Differences in Correlated Acoustic Measurements

Vascular Stenosis Detection Using Temporal-Spectral Differen...

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IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium (SPMB)

作者： B. Panda S. Mandal S. J.A. Majerus Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Case Western Reserve University Advanced Platform Technology Center Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland OH

ISBN: (数字)9781728143439

ISBN: (纸本)9781728143446

Central venous stenosis is often undiagnosed in patients with hemodialysis vascular access, partly due to imaging difficulties. Noninvasive, point-of-care detection could rely on detecting regions of turbulent blood flow caused by blood velocity changes. Here we present flexible microphone arrays for time-correlated measures of blood flow sounds and a new signal processing approach to calculate time correlation between spectral features. Continuous wavelet transform was used to produce an auditory spectral flux analytic signal, which was thresholded to identify systolic start and end phases. Microphone arrays were tested on pulsatile flow phantoms with blood flow rates of 850-1,200 mL/min and simulated stenosis from 10-85%. Measured results showed an inversion in the time onset of systolic spectral content for sites proximal and distal to stenosis for hemodynamically significant stenoses (+22 ms for stenosis50%). Equivalent blood velocity increases were calculated as 142-155 cm/s in stenotic phantoms, which are within the physiologic range as measured by ultrasound.

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Efficient Indexing Mechanism for Unstructured Data Sharing Systems in Edge Computing

Efficient Indexing Mechanism for Unstructured Data Sharing S...

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IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Junjie Xie Chen Qian Deke Guo Minmei Wang Shouqian Shi Honghui Chen Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan China Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California Santa Cruz CA USA Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking School of Computer Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China.

Edge computing promises a dramatic reduction in the network latency and the traffic volume, where many edge servers are placed at the edge of the Internet. Furthermore, these edge servers cache data to provide services for edge users. The data sharing among edge servers can effectively shorten the latency to retrieve the data and further reduce the network bandwidth consumption. The key challenge is to construct an efficient data indexing mechanism no matter how the data is cached in the edge network. Although this is essential, it is still an open problem. Moreover, existing methods such as the centralized indexing and the DHT indexing in other fields fail to meet the performance demand of edge computing. This paper presents a COordinate-based INdexing (COIN) mechanism for the data sharing in edge computing. COIN maintains a virtual space where the switches and the data indexes are associated with the coordinates. Then, COIN distributes data indexes to indexing edge servers based on those coordinates. The COIN is effective because any query request from an edge server can be responded when the data has been stored in the edge network. More importantly, COIN is efficient in both routing path lengths and forwarding table sizes for publishing/querying the data indexes. We implement COIN in a P4 prototype. Experimental results show that COIN uses 59% shorter path length and 30% less forwarding table entries to retrieve the data index compared to using Chord, a well-known DHT solution.

关键词： Indexing Servers Edge computing Peer-to-peer computing Bandwidth Control systems

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Exploring the effect of image enhancement techniques on COVID‐19 detection using chest X‐rays images

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Rahman, Tawsifur Khandakar, Amith Qiblawey, Yazan Tahir, Anas Kiranyaz, Serkan Kashem, Saad Bin Abul Islam, Mohammad Tariqul Maadeed, Somaya Al Zughaier, Susu M. Khan, Muhammad Salman Chowdhury, Muhammad E.H. Department of Biomedical Physics & Technology University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Faculty of Robotics and Advanced Computing Qatar Armed Forces‐Academic Bridge Program Qatar Foundation Doha24404 Qatar Dept. of Electrical Electronics and Systems Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia BangiSelangor43600 Malaysia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit QU Health Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Pakistan

The use of computer-aided diagnosis in the reliable and fast detection of corona virus disease (COVID-19) has become a necessity to prevent the spread of the virus during the pandemic to ease the burden on the medical infrastructure. Chest X-ray (CXR) imaging has several advantages over other imaging techniques as it is cheap, easily accessible, fast and portable. CXR images are sometimes of poor quality and so image enhancement techniques can help the machine learning models to extract valuable discriminating features from the image. Numerous works have been reported on COVID-19 detection from smaller set of original X-ray images. However, the effect of image enhancement in COVID-19 detection was not reported in the literature. This paper explores the effect of various popular image enhancement techniques and states the © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Beyond Lambertian light trapping for large-area silicon solar cells: fabrication methods

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Maksimovic, Jovan Hu, Jingwen Ng, Soon Hock Katkus, Tomas Seniutinas, Gediminas Rivera, Tatiana Pinedo Stuiber, Michael Nishijima, Yoshiaki John, Sajeev Juodkazis, Saulius School of Science Swinburne University of Technology HawthornVIC3122 Australia Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication ANFF Victoria 151 Wellington Rd. ClaytonVIC3168 Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya-ku Yokohama240-8501 Japan Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya-ku Yokohama240-8501 Japan Department of Physics University of Toronto 60 St. George Street TorontoONM5S 1A7 Canada School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8550 Japan

Light trapping photonic crystal (PhC) patterns on the surface of Si solar cells provides a novel opportunity to approach the theoretical efficiency limit of 32.3%, for light-to-electrical power conversion with a single junction cell. This is beyond the efficiency limit implied by the Lambertian limit of ray trapping ∼29%. The interference and slow light effects are harnessed for collecting light even at the long wavelengths near the Si band-gap. We compare two different methods for surface patterning, that can be extended to large area surface patterning: 1) laser direct write and 2) step-&-repeat 5× reduction projection lithography. Large area throughput limitations of these methods are compared with the established electron beam lithography (EBL) route, which is conventionally utilised but much slower than the presented methods. Spectral characterisation of the PhC light trapping is compared for samples fabricated by different methods. Reflectance of Si etched via laser patterned mask was ∼ 7% at visible wavelengths and was comparable with Si patterned via EBL made mask. The later pattern showed a stronger absorbance than the Lambertian limit. (M.-L. Hsieh et al., Sci. Rep. 10, 11857 (2020)). Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser ablation

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Flatband-Induced Itinerant Ferromagnetism in RbCo2Se2

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Huang, Jianwei Wang, Zhicai Pang, Hongsheng Wu, Han Cao, Huibo Mo, Sung-Kwan Rustagi, Avinash Kemper, A.F. Wang, Meng Yi, Ming Birgeneau, R.J. Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States School of the Gifted Young University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui230026 China Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Lab BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States School of Physics Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong510275 China Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States

ACo2Se2 (A=K,Rb,Cs) is a homologue of the iron-based superconductor, AFe2Se2. From a comprehensive study of RbCo2Se2 via measurements of magnetization, transport, neutron diffraction, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and first-principle calculations, we identify a ferromagnetic order accompanied by an orbital-dependent spin-splitting of the electronic dispersions. Furthermore, we identify the ordered moment to be dominated by a dx2−y2 flatband near the Fermi level, which exhibits the largest spin splitting across the ferromagnetic transition, suggesting an itinerant origin of the ferromagnetism. In the broader context of the iron-based superconductors, we find this dx2−y2 flatband to be a common feature in the band structures of both iron-chalcogenides and iron-pnictides, accessible via heavy electron doping. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Selenium compounds

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Room temperature nonlinear Hall effect and wireless RF rectification in Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kumar, Dushyant Hsu, Chuang-Han Sharma, Raghav Chang, Tay-Rong Yu, Peng Wang, Junyong Eda, Goki Liang, Gengchiau Yang, Hyunsoo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510275 China Centre for Advanced 2D Materials National University of Singapore 117546 Singapore Department of Physics National University of Singapore 117542 Singapore Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 117551 Singapore

The nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE), which can produce a transverse voltage without any magnetic field, is a potential alternative for rectification or frequency doubling. However, the low temperature detection of NLHE limits its applications. Here, we report the room-temperature NLHE in a type-II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4, which hosts a robust NLHE due to substantial broken inversion symmetry and large band overlapping at the Fermi level. We also observe a temperature-induced sign inversion of NLHE in TaIrTe4. Our theoretical calculations suggest that the observed sign inversion is a result of temperature-induced shift in the chemical potential indicating a direct correlation of NLHE with the electronic structure at the Fermi surface. Finally, the room-temperature NLHE in TaIrTe4 is exploited to demonstrate the wireless RF rectification with zero external bias and magnetic field. This work opens a door to realizing room temperature applications based on the NLHE in Weyl semimetals. © 2020, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Temperature

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Correction to: A Standards Organization for Open and FAIR Neuroscience: the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility

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Neuroinformatics 2022年第1期20卷 37-38页

作者： Mathew Birdsall Abrams Jan G Bjaalie Samir Das Gary F Egan Satrajit S Ghosh Wojtek J Goscinski Jeffrey S Grethe Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski Eric Tatt Wei Ho David N Kennedy Linda J Lanyon Trygve B Leergaard Helen S Mayberg Luciano Milanesi Roman Mouček J B Poline Prasun K Roy Stephen C Strother Tong Boon Tang Paul Tiesinga Thomas Wachtler Daniel K Wójcik Maryann E Martone INCF Secretariat Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden. mathew@***. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway. McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience McGill University Montreal QC Canada. Monash Biomedical Imaging Monash University Clayton VIC Australia. McGovern Institute for Brain Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Boston MA USA. Monash eResearch Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia. Department of Neuroscience School of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA. KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Stockholm Sweden. Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research Institute of Health and Analytics Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Perak Malaysia. Department of Psychiatry University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA. Serendipitea.World Hasselby Sweden. Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics Icahn School of Medicine New York NY USA. Institute of Biomedical Technologies National Research Council (CNR) Milan Italy. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Applied Sciences University of West Bohemia Pilsen Czech Republic. Montreal Neurological Institute Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University Montreal Canada. Computational Neuroscience & Neuroimaging Laboratory School of Bio-Medical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi UP India. Rotman Research Institute Baycrest Centre Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada. Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research Institute of Health and Analytics Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia. Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen Netherlands. Department of Biology II Ludwig-Maximilians-Univers

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://***/10.1007/s12021-021-09522-x

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Vector representation based model considering randomness of user mobility for predicting potential users 21st

Vector representation based model considering randomness of ...

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21st International Conference on Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems, PRIMA 2018

作者： Peng, Shaowen Xie, Xianzhong Mine, Tsunenori Su, Chang College of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing China Department of Advanced Information Technology Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783030030971

With increasing popularity of location-based social networks, POI recommendation has received much attention recently. Unlike most of the current studies which provide recommendations from perspective of users, in this paper, we focus on the perspective of Point-of-Interest (POI) for predicting potential users for a given POI. We propose a novel vector representation model for the prediction. Many current matrix factorization-based methods only pay attention to combining new information and basic matrix factorization, while in our model, we improve the matrix factorization model itself by replacing dot product with cosine similarity. We also address the problem of randomness of user’s check-in behavior by applying deep neural network to modeling the relationships between the user’s current check-in and context information of current check-in. Extensive experiments conducted on two real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed model and the effectiveness of the factors incorporated in our model. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018.

关键词： Random processes

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Feature-Based State Space Coverage Metric for Analog Circuit Verification

Feature-Based State Space Coverage Metric for Analog Circuit...

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Forum on specification and Design Languages, FDL 2016

作者： Fürtig, Andreas Steinhorst, Sebastian Hedrich, Lars Institute for Computer Science Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Technical University of Munich München Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319629193

This chapter proposes a systematic and fast analog coverage-driven verification methodology which could increase the confidence in verification of today’s analog blocks. We define an appropriate coverage metric to score simulations and then minimize the simulation effort for achieving full state space coverage with an algorithm generating appropriate input stimuli. Our proposed method uses characteristic properties of a discretized representation of the state space such as the spatial distribution of eigenvalues, guiding the generation of short and purposeful stimuli. The experimental results show a significant speed-up with similar accuracy compared to the state of the art. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG.

关键词： Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions

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