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A kinetic study and factor analysis of solar thermochemical membrane reactors for syngas production

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 203-217页

作者： Jiaxin XING Chao XU Xiangyu SUN Xin XIA Fei JIN Qiongqiong JIANG Jiale GAO Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of MOE School of Energy Power and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Department of Chemistry University College LondonLondon WC1H 0AJUK School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion TechnologyState Ethnic Affairs CommissionNorth Minzu UniversityYinchuan 750021China

Solar thermochemical conversion technologies are promising for effectively utilizing solar energy by capturing the full spectrum of solar *** overcome the challenges of low energy conversion efficiency and intermittency faced by solar thermochemical conversion,these technologies can be effectively integrated with membrane reactor *** the performance of solar thermochemical membrane reactors has been experimentally tested,the chemical reactions and oxygen transport mechanisms during the energy conversion process remain poorly *** study introduces a resistance network model to elucidate the interactions between interfacial reactions and bulk diffusion during simultaneous oxidationreduction reactions on both sides of the *** analyzed the oxygen flux of the membrane reactor under various operating conditions using this model to identify the reaction/transport-limiting side of the overall *** most effective solar membrane reactor configuration utilizes natural gas and CO_(2),facilitating clean conversion of fossil fuels with significant advantages in fuel production and energy *** CH_4 lowers the overall reaction temperature,maintains low oxygen partial pressure on the sweep side,and produces a synthesis gas with a 2:1 H_2/CO molar ***,a sensitivity analysis was used to explore the relationship between overall fuel production performance and operational parameters,highlighting the critical role of this research in enhancing the reaction and transport performance of membrane reactors and advancing the development of solar-driven thermochemical fuel production technologies.

关键词： thermochemistry oxygen-permeable membrane membrane reactor chemical kinetics

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A Novel Adaptive Dead-Time Control Method for GaN-Based Motor Drives

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IEEE Transactions on Energy conversion 2025年第1期40卷 258-269页

作者： Qin, Haihong Zheng, Xiaoxue Wang, Wenlu Xun, Qian Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Department of Electrical Engineering Nanjing210016 China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Center for More-Electric-Aircraft Power System Nanjing210016 China RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Unit of Energy Conversion Borås50462 Sweden

Compared to Si devices, Gallium Nitride (GaN) devices are more suitable for achieving high switching frequency in motor drive applications, thereby improving power density. However, increasing switching frequency can also lead to extra switching losses and poor total harmonic distortion (THD). A smaller dead-time can mitigate these issues, but conventional constant dead-time design methods struggle to ensure optimal performance across all load ranges. This paper proposes a novel adaptive dead-time control method for GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) in phase-legs to simultaneously enhance the efficiency and THD of motor drives. To achieve this, the detailed switching process of GaN HEMTs in a double-pulse test circuit is modeled and analyzed. The optimization principle of the dead-time setting is revealed, considering the tradeoff effect of dead-time on switching losses and THD. The adaptive dead-time control method dynamically adjusts the dead-time under different load conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on a 1 kW GaN-based permanent magnet synchronous machine drive platform. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method can increase efficiency up to 0.85% at full load with a switching frequency of 100 kHz compared to constant dead-time. Meanwhile, THD is reduced by 1.44% under the same condition. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Threshold voltage

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Enhancing IC substrate manufacturing through differential geometry and lightweight networks for etching defect detection

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Journal of Manufacturing systems 2025年 80卷 902-915页

作者： Yu, Yongxing Huang, Dan Hu, Yueming School of Automation Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China Engineering Research Center of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Equipment Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Chip Intelligent Packaging Equipment South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China Department of Automation North China Electric Power University Baoding071003 China Baoding key Laboratory of State Detection and Optimization Regulation for Integrated Energy System North China Electric Power University Baoding071003 China

With the advancement of high-density interconnect technology in semiconductor manufacturing, the precision and complexity of integrated circuit (IC) substrates have significantly increased, placing higher demands on quality control. Efficient and accurate detection of complex etching defects, which often occur during manufacturing, has become critical to preventing potential product defects. A defect detection method is proposed that combines a lightweight network with differential geometry tools to address the issue of etching defects in IC substrates. First, an improved deformable model is used to rapidly extract regular circuit trace contours from complex metallographic images, and morphological processing is applied to enhance the details, achieving precise image segmentation. For under-etching defects between circuit traces, differential processing of the original and segmented images is performed to locate abnormal regions. Subsequently, an optimized lightweight network based on MobileNet, termed OMNet, is designed to achieve the rapid identification of under-etching defects in these regions. For etching defects occurring on circuit traces, the DGEtch method employs a high-precision discrete curvature calculation based on the Frenet frame to evaluate angular discontinuities in contours, enabling accurate detection of etching defects. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an average recall rate of over 95% and maintains a precision above 90%. It exhibits high accuracy and stability in detecting etching defects and consistently outperforms existing models, particularly in handling complex mixed defects. This study provides an effective solution for detecting complicated defects in high-density IC substrate manufacturing. © 2025 The Society of Manufacturing Engineers

关键词： Inspection

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Influences of fin shape, operational temperatures, and loading of spheroidal graphene nanoplatelets on the cyclic performance of the latent heat storage system

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Energy 2025年 326卷

作者： ELSihy, ELSaeed Saad Du, Xiaoze Wang, Zuyuan School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Chengdu611731 China King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia Mechanical Power Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering at El-Mattaria Helwan University Massaken El-Helmia P.O 11718 Cairo Egypt Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System North China Electric Power University Ministry of Education Beijing102206 China

Adopting a multi-factor enhancement technique is currently one of the most efficient ways to improve the cyclic performance of a latent heat thermal energy storage system. This paper explores the effects of the fin configuration, charging operating temperature, and loading of graphene nanoplatelets with the discharge temperature on energy storage and discharge performance improvement. The preliminary investigation explores the impacts of fin configuration and charging temperature on cyclic performance. The study examines three distinct fin shapes, namely straight, single cross, and double cross, and four inlet charge temperatures of 75, 80, 85, and 90 °C. Afterward, the effects of adding graphene nanoplatelets to the pure phase change material (PCM) (up to 3 vol%) and varying the discharge water temperature on the system's performance improvement are studied. The enthalpy-porosity methodology is adopted to establish a 3D computational model for studying the effects of these parameters on the melting and solidification dynamics of paraffin wax that is used as a PCM. The results indicate that the double cross fin exhibits the most rapid melting and solidification rates, along with superior daily performance. This configuration demonstrates a reduction in melting, solidification, and overall cyclic times by 35.9 %, 35.2 %, and 35.6 %, respectively, compared to the longitudinal fin. In contrast, the single cross fin unit realizes reductions of 22.8 %, 21.9 %, and 22.4 % in these times, respectively, when compared to the longitudinal fin. The single and double cross fin units improve the daily charging capacity by (23.3 % and 45.9 %), charging rate by (23.5 % and 46.5 %), daily discharging capacity by (20.5 % and 39.7 %), discharging rate by (19.7 % and 38.6 %), charging effectiveness by (16.9 % and 31.7 %), and discharging effectiveness by (23.9 % and 46.1 %), respectively, compared to the longitudinal fin. The highest inlet charge temperature lowers the total cyclic ti

关键词： Latent heat

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Categorical Spatial Interpolation of Solar Irradiance for Regional Distributed Photovoltaic power Forecasting

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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2025年

作者： Ruan, Chenglong Li, Kangping Li, Zhenghui Huang, Chunyi Wang, Fei Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Smart Energy Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute Shanghai200240 China Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion Shanghai200240 China North China Electric Power University Department of Electrical Engineering Baoding071003 China State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Microgrid North China Electric Power University Baoding071003 China

High-spatial-resolution (HSR) solar irradiance forecast data is important for regional distributed photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting. Distributed PV sites are widely geographically distributed and the cost of obtaining HSR irradiance forecast data with full regional coverage is very high. Improving spatial resolution through interpolation based on limited sparse irradiance forecast reference points is a low-cost and feasible approach. However, existing irradiance spatial interpolation methods would produce large errors under variable weather conditions (e.g., cloudy) with limited reference points, because local abrupt changes in irradiance usually occur under such weather conditions due to cloud movement. This paper proposes a categorical spatial interpolation method to improve the accuracy of distributed PV power forecasting with limited sparse irradiance forecast data. The method first converts satellite-derived shortwave radiation images into binary irradiance maps through adaptive thresholding, then trains a 3D U-net model to predict future irradiance category probabilities for each grid. These probability maps dynamically govern two parallel interpolation processes: one using reference stations in predicted clear-sky regions, another utilizing stations in cloudy zones, with final irradiance values determined by probability-weighted fusion. Case studies on a real dataset verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Solar irradiance

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Infrastructure of interconnected microgrids: A review

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics an...

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e-Prime - Advances in Electrical engineering, Electronics and Energy 2025年 12卷

作者： Tasnim, Moshammed Nishat Ahmed, Tofael Ahmad, Shameem Shafiullah, G.M. Advanced Power System Laboratory Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET) Chattogram 4349 Bangladesh Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering American International University - Bangladesh (AIUB) Dhaka 1229 Bangladesh School of Engineering Murdoch University Perth Australia

The microgrid (MG) cluster is one of the feasible ways to integrate large-scale renewable energy sources, address the constrained energy exchange problems, and optimize power system efficiency, resiliency, and reliability. The present power system will probably shift into a network of MGs to bring about economic gains by employing demand-supply balance. However, various factors related to interconnected MG (IMG) infrastructure, such as the diversity of IMG architecture, economic viability, integration capacity, reliability, operational flexibility, and communication and protection schemes, can create great challenges in implementing efficient and resilient IMG infrastructure. Therefore, to address this concern, different IMG infrastructures are explored and analyzed to bring out the benefits, challenges, and constraints of the presented IMG architectures in this review. Accordingly, the concepts of IMGs and potential IMG architectures based on layout, line, and interface technologies are first discussed and compared. Then, numerous factors like cost, reliability, scalability, flexibility, complexity, and efficiency that play a significant role in evaluating the performance of IMG structures are identified to present a comparative analysis among various architectural topologies. All these analyses and comparisons are expected to serve as a reference in the field of IMG infrastructure to select a suitable framework based on the necessary functionalities. This paper also provides potential challenges related to IMG architecture and recommendations for future research studies to improve IMG infrastructure and operation. © 2025

关键词： Infrastructure Interconnected microgrid Interface technologies Line technologies

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Transition metal-based cathode catalysts for Li-CO_(2)batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第5期104卷 225-253页

作者： Wenqing Ma Mingjuan Gao Jianping Ma Siyu Liu Lishan Yang Yahui Yang Xiangping Chen Tianzhen Jian Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research(iAIR) Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of JinanJinan 250022ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology&Traditional Chinese Medicine Research(Ministry of Education of China) National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of ResourcesKey Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan ProvinceKey Laboratory of Light Energy Conversion Materials of Hunan Province CollegeHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081HunanChina Nano-Science Center&Department of Chemistry University of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark Jinan Preschool Education College Jinan 250307ShandongChina State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong UniversityJinan 250100ShandongChina Shandong Sacred Sun Power Sources Co.Ltd. Qufu 273100ShandongChina

The Li-CO_(2)battery has been highly rated as an intriguing technique for balancing the carbon cycle for years,but it is still significantly challenged by the obstacles such as limited reversibility,sluggish kinetics,and poor energy ***,the design and development of advance catalysts that can enhance the kinetics and reversibility of the CO_(2)electrochemical cycling reactions are considered the imperative *** metal-based catalysts are widely considered appealing owing to their unfilled dorbitals,rich and adjustable valences,as well as *** this review,the working mechanism and the key issues of the CO_(2)electrochemical cycling reaction are discussed *** the strategies for composition and structure design of different type of transition metal-based catalysts are highlighted,including their benefits,limitations,and the ways to implement these ***,based on the pioneering research,the perspectives on the challenges and key points for the future development of cathode catalyst are proposed.

关键词： Li-CO_(2)battery Transition metal Cathode catalyst Catalytic mechanism

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Selection for Schottky Barrier Diodes with Various On-Resistance in Full-SiC Voltage Source Converters

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年

作者： Chen, Yuzhi Li, Chi Liu, Jianwei Wu, Yifan Liu, Zicheng Zheng, Zedong Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing 100084 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan 430074 China

In Silicon Carbide based voltage source converters (VSCs), pairing Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) presents trade-offs. While SBDs reduce the freewheeling loss and mitigate the adverse effects of bipolar conduction, their junction capacitance also contributes to increased switching loss. This paper proposes a systematic selection strategy for SBDs aimed at enhancing converter efficiency, using on-resistance as the design variable. A three-phase VSC with 1.2 kV MOSFETs and four sets of 1.2 kV SBDs is demonstrated as the case study. The static and switching characteristics for MOSFET/SBD pair are measured and analyzed over a wide temperature range. VSC efficiency is evaluated in both inverter and rectifier modes under different operating conditions. It appears that VSC using SBDs with 126% of the MOSFETs' resistance exhibits an overall superior performance. A 4 kW full-SiC VSC prototype is developed to validate the proposed selection strategy. Compared to other SBDs, using the recommended selection enhances VSC efficiency by up to 2% (± 0.5%) under light loads while maintaining high performance under medium and heavy loads. Compared to freewheeling by the body diode, using the recommended selection enhances VSC efficiency by an average of 0.4% (± 0.1%) across nearly the entire load range. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： efficiency on-resistance Schottky barrier diodes selection strategy SiC MOSFETs voltage source converter

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Investigation on Impact of Transformer Parasitic Capacitance on Standby power Consumption in power Converters

Investigation on Impact of Transformer Parasitic Capacitance...

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Annual IEEE Conference on Applied power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Kamran Kamran Andrea Russo Federica Cammarata Claudia Malannino S. Yuri Ciardo Ziwei Ouyang Advanced Power Electronics System Research and Applications (SRA) STMicroelectronics S.R.L. Italy Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering Technical University of Denmark Denmark STI2GaN Solutions APMS STMicroelectronics S.R.L. Italy

ISBN: (数字)9798331516116

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516123

The significance of reducing no-load or standby power dissipation is increasingly vital in various isolated power converter applications to save energy and meet stringent energy efficiency standards. While multiple factors contribute to this dissipation, the transformer stands out as a key contributor. But unlike transformer leakage inductance, parasitic capacitance plays a pivotal role, especially in scenarios involving high input voltage and light or no loads. This study delves into the impact of parasitic capacitance on standby power consumption through an analysis of two iterations of a custom-designed planar transformer for 400V to 15V/65W DC-DC converter employing a fly-back converter topology. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing transformer design to reduce energy loss during standby and lightly loaded operations. This optimization not only enhances energy efficiency but also ensures adherence to stringent no-load energy conservation regulations.

关键词： power demand Transformers Energy efficiency Regulation power electronics Topology power dissipation Standards Optimization Parasitic capacitance

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Enhanced 2.7 µm wavelength sub-80 ns pulse generation via iron-chromium co-doped ZnS polycrystalline

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Optics Express 2025年第7期33卷 15141-15148页

作者： Zhang, Shuaiyi Hu, Xiaohui Kong, Xiangzheng Zhao, Jianxin Sun, Guocheng Wang, Hongxia Cai, Enlin Zhang, Qingyue Li, Shanming Wang, Xia Sun, Dunlu Hang, Yin Shandong Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Engineering Laboratory School ofMathematics and Physics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao266061 China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201800 China Aerospace Laser Technology and System Department Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201800 China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200120 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101400 China School of Physical and Technology University of Jinan Jinan250024 China Research Center of Laser Crystal Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201800 China The Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials Anhui Institute of Optics andFine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Science Anhui Province Hefei230031 China

Zinc-sulfide (ZnS) polycrystalline co-doped with Cr2+ and Fe2+ ions, when used as a saturable absorber (SA), exhibits a longer recovery time and a larger excited state absorption cross-section compared to Fe:ZnS polycrystalline, due to the sensitizing effect of co-doping. The energy level structure and energy transfer process of Fe,Cr:ZnS polycrystalline were analyzed. A 2.7 µm wavelength passively Q-switched (PQS) pulsed laser was simulated and experimentally tested. The experiment achieved a narrower pulse width of 78 ns with a repetition rate of 44 kHz, compared to the Fe:ZnS SA Q-switched laser. The experimental results closely matched the simulation in terms of pulse profile, repetition rate, and pulse width. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that Fe,Cr:ZnS polycrystalline is used as a SA to realize PQS lasing. The superior characteristics of co-doped crystals as SAs have also been highlighted. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Excited states

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