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Transistors: Layer‐by‐Layer Assembled 2D Montmorillonite Dielectrics for Solution‐Processed Electronics (Adv. Mater. 1/2016)

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Advanced materials 2016年第1期28卷

作者： Jian Zhu Xiaolong Liu Michael L. Geier Julian J. McMorrow Deep Jariwala Megan E. Beck Wei Huang Tobin J. Marks Mark C. Hersam Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University 2220 Campus Drive Evanston IL 60208 USA Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA Department of Medicine Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA

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Scanning electrochemical microscopic observation of corrosion reactions on a duplex stainless steel

Zairyo to Kankyo/ Corrosion Engineering

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Zairyo to Kankyo/ Corrosion engineering 2015年第9期64卷 414-420页

作者： Aoki, So Taniguchi, Tomomi Sakai, Jun'ichi Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Ohkubo Shinjukuku Tokyo169-8555 Japan Japan Atomic Energy Agency Japan Department of Applied Mechanics Waseda University Japan Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology Waseda University 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda Shinjuku-ku Tokyo169-0051 Japan

The objective of this study is to clarify the preferential dissolution mechanism of a duplex stainless steel (DSS) at its corrosion potential (about -0.15 V ***) by means of Scanning Electrochemical Microscope (SECM) observation of the corrosion reactions on the ferritic phase (α phase) and the austenitic phase (γ phase) of a DSS, respectively. Probe electrode was fixed above α and γ each phase of DSS at corrosion potential in 1 mol/l HCl aqueous solution. Potential of the probe electrode was polarized toward noble direction, from - 0.10 V to 1.4 V (SHE), at a potential scan rate of 20 mV/s, and probe current was measured. In a probe potential range of 0∼0.70 V (SHE), anodic current due to hydrogen oxidation reaction could be detected. This anodic current was larger above y phase than that above α phase. In a probe potential range of 0.70∼1.2 V (SHE), anodic current due to Fe2+ oxidation reaction to Fe3+ could be detected. This anodic current was larger above a phase than that above y phase. On the α phase, the anodic dissolution reaction occurred preferentially at the DSS corrosion potential, while on the γ phase, the cathodic reduction reaction of hydrogen ion occurred preferentially.

关键词： Dissolution

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Controlling Chirality of Entropic Crystals

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Physical Review Letters 2015年第15期115卷 158303-158303页

作者： Pablo F. Damasceno Andrew S. Karas Benjamin A. Schultz Michael Engel Sharon C. Glotzer Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA

Colloidal crystal structures with complexity and diversity rivaling atomic and molecular crystals have been predicted and obtained for hard particles by entropy maximization. However, thus far homochiral colloidal crystals, which are candidates for photonic metamaterials, are absent. Using Monte Carlo simulations we show that chiral polyhedra exhibiting weak directional entropic forces self-assemble either an achiral crystal or a chiral crystal with limited control over the crystal handedness. Building blocks with stronger faceting exhibit higher selectivity and assemble a chiral crystal with handedness uniquely determined by the particle chirality. Tuning the strength of directional entropic forces by means of particle rounding or the use of depletants allows for reconfiguration between achiral and homochiral crystals. We rationalize our findings by quantifying the chirality strength of each particle, both from particle geometry and potential of mean force and torque diagrams.

关键词： COLLOIDAL crystals CHIRALITY ENTROPY PHOTONIC crystals MONTE Carlo method

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A Study of Porosity Effect on Tribological Behavior of Cast Al A380M and Sintered Al 6061 Alloys

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Journal of Surface Engineered materials and Advanced Technology 2015年第1期

作者： Avijit Sinha Zoheir Farhat Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science Materials Engineering Program Dalhousie University

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A Two-Level Multithreaded Delaunay Kernel

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Procedia engineering 2015年 124卷 6-17页

作者： Jean-François Remacle Vincent Bertrand Christophe Geuzaine Université catholique de Louvain Institute of Mechanics Materials and Civil Engineering (iMMC) Bâtiment Euler Avenue Georges Lemaître 4 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics Rice University Université de Liège Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Montefiore Institute B28 Grande Traverse 10 4000 Liège Belgium

This paper presents a fine grain parallel version of the 3D Delaunay Kernel procedure using the OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing) API. A set S = { p 1 ,. . ., p n } of n points is taken as input. S is initially sorted along a space-filling curve so that two points that are close in the insertion order are also close geometrically. The sorted set of point is then divided into M subsets S i , 1 ≤ i ≤ M of equal size n/M . The multithreaded version of the Delaunay kernel inserts M points at a time in the triangulation. OpenMP barriers provide the required synchronization that is needed after each multiple insertion in order to avoid data races. This simple approach exhibits two standard problems of parallel computing: load imbalance and parallel overheads. Those two issues are addressed using a two-level version of the multithreaded Delaunay kernel. Tests show that triangulations of about a billion tetrahedra can be generated on a 32 core machine (Intel Xeon E5-4610 v2 @ 2.30 GHz with with 128 GB of memory) in less that 3 minutes of wall clock time, with a speedup of 18 compared to the single-threaded implementation.

关键词： Delaunay triangulation parallel computing OpenMP

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Experimental realization of crossover in shape and director field of nematic tactoids

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Physical Review E 2015年第4期91卷 042507-042507页

作者： Vida Jamali Natnael Behabtu Bohdan Senyuk J. Alex Lee Ivan I. Smalyukh Paul van der Schoot Matteo Pasquali Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Physics University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program and Liquid Crystals Materials Research Center University of Colorado at Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Polymer Physics Group for Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter Group Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands Institute for Theoretical Physics Utrecht University Leuvenlaan 4 3584 CE Utrecht The Netherlands Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA

Spindle-shaped nematic droplets (tactoids) form in solutions of rod-like molecules at the onset of the liquid crystalline phase. Their unique shape and internal structure result from the interplay of the elastic deformation of the nematic and anisotropic surface forces. The balance of these forces dictates that tactoids must display a continuous variation in aspect ratio and director-field configuration. Yet, such continuous transition has eluded observation for decades: tactoids have displayed either a bipolar configuration with particles aligned parallel to the droplet interface or a homogeneous configuration with particles aligned parallel to the long axis of the tactoid. Here, we report the first observation of the continuous transition in shape and director-field configuration of tactoids in true solutions of carbon nanotubes in chlorosulfonic acid. This observation is possible because the exceptional length of carbon nanotubes shifts the transition to a size range that can be visualized by optical microscopy. Polarization micrographs yield the interfacial and elastic properties of the system. Absorbance anisotropy measurements provide the highest nematic order parameter (S=0.79) measured to date for a nematic phase of carbon nanotubes at coexistence with its isotropic phase.

关键词： NEMATIC liquid crystals RESEARCH CARBON nanotubes ABSORBANCE (Light) CHLOROSULFONIC acid OPTICAL microscopes ELASTICITY

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Development and assessment of next-generation nanoelectromechanical switch contact materials 14

Development and assessment of next-generation nanoelectromec...

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2014 14th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology, IEEE-NANO 2014

作者： Streller, Frank Wabiszewski, Graham E. Carpick, Robert W. Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics Department University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781479956227

The deficiency of existing electrical contact materials is currently a significant impediment to the commercialization of nanoelectromechanical (NEM) contact switches - a low power "beyond CMOS technology". NEM switches utilizing traditional metallic electrical contact materials, even those composed of inert, noble metals such as Au and Pt, demonstrate premature failure due either to their adhesiveness, or to catalytic activity leading to buildup of insulating interfacial contaminants. Commercially viable NEM switches demand novel contact materials along with efficient methods to evaluate the performance of these materials. This study highlights the development of one promising switch contact material: platinum silicide (PtxSi) thin films formed from a-Si and Pt precursors. Using CMOS-compatible fabrication methods, the stoichiometry of these silicide films was varied between PtSi and a Pt2Si/Pt3Si mixture by controlling the thickness of the precursor a-Si and Pt films. The stoichiometry had a significant impact on the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the films. Pt-rich silicides demonstrated metallic surface conductivity while electrical contact conductance was reduced with higher Si film content. We then present a novel, high-throughput electrical contact screening method using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to cycle nanoscale electrical contacts for up to two billion contact cycles under NEM switch-like conditions. The ability of this technique to resolve degradation of nanoscale Pt-Pt interfaces is demonstrated and, along with its ease of adoption, motivates future interrogation of PtxSi and other promising switch contact materials using this method. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Stoichiometry

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Fundamental investigation technique on gas-blast arc behaviors in decaying and re-ignition processes using power semiconductors

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IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 2015年第11期135卷 661-668页

作者： Tanaka, Yasunori Shimizu, Takahiro Fujino, Takayasu Nakano, Tomoyuki Tomita, Kentaro Suzuki, Katsumi Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kanazawa University Kakuma Kanazawa920-1192 Japan Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-Koen Kasuga816-8580 Japan Division of Engineering Mechanics and Energy University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tokyo Denki University 5 Asahi-cho Senju Adachi-ku Tokyo120-8551 Japan

This paper has proposed a new fundamental investigation technique on arc behaviors in decaying and re-ignition processes under gas flow condition. This technique utilizes power semiconductors like insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) to control the arc current and voltage with a high accuracy in time domain. The free recovery condition was created by switching-on an IGBT connected in parallel with the arc device to investigate decaying process of the arc plasma under gas flow condition. Then, the quasi-transient recovery voltage (quasi-TRV) was intentionally applied between the electrodes in the arc device under the free recovery condition by turning-off the IGBT again, to study the re-ignition process of the arc plasma. At the same time, the arc behavior in a nozzle was observed by a high speed video camera at a frame rate of 200,000 fps. In the present work, arc behaviors in gas flow such as SF6 and CO2 in a nozzle was fundamentally investigated under free recovery condition and then after quasi-TRV application. In addition, the timing of the quasi-TRV application was changed to examine the recovery property of residual arcs in SF6 and CO2 gas flow. Through these experiments, the probability of arc successful interruptions were statistically measured for these gas flow arcs. These results provide fundamental data for comparison of the arc interruption capability of different conditions. © 2015 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Breakdown of fast water transport in graphene oxides

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Physical Review E 2014年第1期89卷 012113-012113页

作者： Ning Wei Xinsheng Peng Zhiping Xu Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China

Fast slip flow was identified for water inside the interlayer gallery between graphene layers or carbon nanotubes. We report here that this significant flow rate enhancement (over two orders) breaks down with the presence of chemical functionalization and relaxation of nanoconfinement in graphene oxides. Molecular dynamics simulation results show that hydrodynamics applies in this circumstance, even at length scales down to nanometers. However, corrections to the slip boundary condition and apparent viscosity of nanoconfined flow must be included to make quantitative predictions. These results were discussed with the structural characteristics of liquid water and hydrogen-bond networks.

关键词： Breakdown transport oxides slip flow transport CONNECTED NETWORKS graphene Fasting Boundary conditions oxides Flow rates APPARENT VISCOSITY Structural properties water absorption Water transport Molecular Dynamics Simulation Breakdown graphene oxide

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Guidelines in predicting phase formation of high-entropy alloys

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MRS Communications 2014年第2期4卷 57-62页

作者： Zhang, Y. Lu, Z.P. Ma, S.G. Liaw, P.K. Tang, Z. Cheng, Y.Q. Gao, M.C. State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Institute of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 United States Chemical and Engineering Materials Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 United States National Energy Technology Laboratory Albany OR 97321 United States URS Corporation P.O. Box 1959 Albany OR 97321 United States

With multiple elements mixed at equal or near-equal molar ratios, the emerging, high-entropy alloys (HEAs), also named multi-principal elements alloys (MEAs), have posed tremendous challenges to materials scientists and physicists, e.g., how to predict high-entropy phase formation and design alloys. In this paper, we propose some guidelines in predicting phase formation, using thermodynamic and topological parameters of the constituent elements. This guideline together with the existing ones will pave the way toward the composition design of MEAs and HEAs, as well as property optimization based on the composition-structure-property relationship. © 2014 materials Research Society.

关键词： Forecasting

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