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2008 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Yim, Mark Kuchenbecker, Katherine Arratia, Paulo Bassani, John Fiene, Jonathan Kumar, Vijay Lukes, Jennifer University of Pennsylvania Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics University of Pennsylvania Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics Department Department of Materials Science and Engineering

Project-based and experiential learning is becoming increasingly important in engineering education. When recently surveyed, a majority of the students in a junior-year class at the University of Pennsylvania stated that they learned more from a particular course that had a strong lab component than from any other college class. This student belief may stem from the internal confirmation of understanding that hands-on work provides. Students seem to gain confidence when they are able to apply class material successfully to real-world systems, rather solving text book problems on paper. It is not yet clear where the critical learning takes place, whether in the lab or in the associated lecture, but it is obvious from our experience that laboratory work catalyzes student understanding and excitement about mechanical engineering. Based on student feedback and our belief in the value of project-based and experiential learning, we have developed a practice-integrated mechanical engineering curriculum that spans the full four-year undergraduate experience. Our goal is to ingrain theoretical concepts and develop independent student thinking by gradually incorporating design into laboratory activities;by exposing students to systems and applications before developing all of the relevant theoretical concepts;and by motivating students to appreciate the importance and relevance of the theory by directly applying it in projects. This curriculum incorporates three principal educational strategies. First, our laboratory classes provide a steady progression of skills and independence, from freshman through junior year. Second, many concepts are taught in a top-down framework, which exposes students to relevant physical systems and practical applications before they have been taught the specific theoretical concepts. Third, lecture material is formulated to support the laboratory activities, in contrast to the traditional approach where laboratory exercises are decoupled from or t

关键词： Students

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A geometric nonlinear sandwich composite bar finite element with transversal and longitudinal variation of material properties

A geometric nonlinear sandwich composite bar finite element ...

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9th International Conference on Computational Structures Technology, CST 2008

作者： Ďuriš, R. Goga, V. Department of Applied Mechanics Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology Trnava Slovakia Department of Mechanics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Slovak University of Technology Bratislava Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9781905088232

In our contribution we deal with a two-node straight sandwich composite bar element with constant double symmetric rectangular cross-sectional area. This new bar element (based on the second-order beam theory) is intended to perform the nonincremental full geometric non-linear analysis. Stiffness matrix of this composite bar contains transfer constants, which accurately describe polynomial uni-axially variation of the effective Young's modulus. In the numerical experiments with this new element obtained results will be compared with several analysis made with the ANSYS simulation programme. Findings show good accuracy and effectiveness of this new finite element. The results obtained with this element do not depend on the element mesh density. © Civil-Comp Press, 2008.

关键词： Stiffness matrix

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Polarization-free straining of barium titanate single crystals

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ASME Conference on Smart materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, SMASIS2008

作者： Shieh, Jay Shu, Yi-Chung Lin, Jne-An Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan Institute of Applied Mechanics National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780791843314

Large strain actuation in (001)-oriented barium titanate (BaTiO 3) single crystals subjected to combined uniaxial stress and electric field is examined. The hysteresis evolution of the crystal under combined electromechanical loading reveals incomplete switching characteristics and a considerable disproportion of slope gradients at zero electric field for the measured polarization and strain hysteresis curves. A likely cause for the disproportion of slope gradients is the cooperative operation of multiple 90° switching systems by which "polarization-free" strain changes are induced. An in-situ domain observation study reveals the formation of bubble-like micro-domains prior to the macroscopic 90° switching of the crystal bulk. The presence of these bubble-like "switching weak points" indicates that regions within the crystal do not necessarily switch 90° at the same time, and hence, in a way, supports the existence of multiple 90° switching systems. The hysteresis evolution of the crystal is investigated again at 55 °C under identical electromechanical loading conditions. At a temperature higher than room temperature, the degree of discrepancy between the slope gradients at zero electric field for the measured polarization and strain hysteresis curves is significantly reduced. This is due to the increase in domain wall mobility, lowering the extent of incomplete switching at maximum electric field. Copyright © 2008 by ASME.

关键词： Electric fields

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Pre-heated substrate effects on melt-mediated laser crystallization of NiTi thin films

Pre-heated substrate effects on melt-mediated laser crystall...

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ICALEO 2008 - 27th International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Birnbaum, Andrew J. Chung, Ui-Jin Huang, Xu Ramirez, Ainissa G. Im, James S. Yao, Y. Lawrence Mechanical Engineering Department Columbia University New York NY 10027 United States Program in Materials Science Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New York NY 10027 United States Mechanical Engineering Department Yale University New Haven CT 06511 United States

Amorphous sputter-deposited NiTi thin films were subjected to pulsed, melt-mediated laser crystallization techniques to engineer their microstructure. The effects of laser processing of pre-heated films are examined. Laser processing of films at an elevated temperature has a significant effect on the rate with which solidification occurs and therefore may be used as an added parameter to control the resulting microstructure. It is seen that the temperature at which processing is carried out has significant implications for the resulting phase and microstructure, and therefore mechanical properties. Furthermore, the microstructural effects of varying incident laser energy density are examined via atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), and mechanical/shape memory properties are characterized via nanoindentation.

关键词： Microstructure

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Fabrication of elastomer pillar arrays with modulated stiffness for cellular force measurements

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Journal of Vacuum science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 2008年第6期26卷 2549-2553页

作者： Ghassemi, S. Biais, N. Maniura, K. Wind, S.J. Sheetz, M.P. Hone, J. Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia University New York NY 10027 United States Nanotechnology Center for Mechanics in Regenerative Medicine Columbia University New York NY 10027 United States Department of Biological Science Columbia University New York NY 10027 United States Empa Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research Uberlandstrasse 129 CH 8600 Dubendorf Switzerland Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New York NY 10027 United States

The mechanical properties of a cell's environment can alter behavior such as migration and spreading, and control the differentiation path of stem cells. Here the authors describe a technique for fabricating substrates whose rigidity can be controlled locally without altering the contact area for cell spreading. The substrates consist of elastomeric pillar arrays in which the top surface is uniform but the pillar height is changed across a sharp step. Preliminary results demonstrate the effects on cell migration and morphology at the step boundary. © 2008 American Vacuum Society.

关键词： Stem cells

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Some basic results and techniques of studying anomalous diffusion and segregation in metals: Relevance to new nanofabrication applications

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Defect and Diffusion Forum 2008年 283-286卷 545-551页

作者： Nechaev, Yuriy S. Öchsner, Andreas G.V. Kurdjumov Institute of Metals Science and Physics I.P. Bardin Central Scientific-Research Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy Vtoraya Baumanskaya St. 9/23 Moscow 105005 Russia Department of Applied Mechanics Technical University of Malaysia 81310 Skudai Malaysia University Centre for Mass and Thermal Transport in Engineering Materials School of Engineering University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia

New possible nanotechnology applications of some original developments and results of studying the regularities and micromechanisms (physics) of the hydrogen fluoride gas activator influence on oxidation of titanium, zirconium and zirconium-based alloys with niobium, and also - on nitriding, boriding and carbiding a series of refractory metals (Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Ta) are elaborated. The new possible nanotechnology applications of the techniques and physics of creating a compound-like nanosegregation or the liquid-like nanosegregation at grain boundaries in nanostructured metals, i.e. creating of specific cellular type natural nanocomposites, are considered as well.

关键词： Nanotechnology

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Domain Formation in the Plasma Membrane: Roles of Nonequilibrium Lipid Transport and Membrane Proteins

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Physical Review Letters 2008年第17期100卷 178102-178102页

作者： Jun Fan Maria Sammalkorpi Mikko Haataja Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM) and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics (PACM) Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

Compositional lipid domains (“lipid rafts”) in plasma membranes are believed to be important components of many cellular processes. The mechanisms by which cells regulate the sizes and lifetimes of these spatially extended domains are poorly understood at the moment. Here we show that the competition between phase separation in an immiscible lipid system and active cellular lipid transport processes naturally leads to the formation of such domains. Furthermore, we demonstrate that local interactions with immobile membrane proteins can spatially localize the rafts and lead to further clustering.

关键词： Lipids

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Stability of the Pd-Co-Ni-Cu-P metallic glasses

Stability of the Pd-Co-Ni-Cu-P metallic glasses

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2007 MRS Fall Meeting

作者： Fukamaki, Daisuke Takeuchi, Tsunehiro Hasegawa, Masashi Soda, Kazuo Sato, Hirokazu Mizutani, Uichiro Department of Applied Physics Nagoya University Nagoya 464-0843 Japan Eco Topia Science Institute Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan Department of Quantum Mechanics Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan Department of Physics Aichi University of Education Kariya 448-8542 Japan Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute Nagakute 480-1192 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781605608433

Stability of Pd-Co-Ni-Cu-P metallic glass was investigated in terms of free energy using first principle cluster calculations, thermal analysis, and photoemission spectroscopy measurements. We found that the internal energy of the Pd-based metallic glasses is dominated by the electronic structure near the Fermi level. The analyses on the electronic structure and local atomic arrangements indicate mat the substitution of cobalt or a hypothetical atom Co0.5Cu0.5 for nickel in the Pd40Ni 40P20 metallic glass decreases the free energy of the Pd-Ni-P metallic glass by increasing entropy without altering significantly internal energy. On the basis of the idea mentioned above, we prepared Pd 28Co24Ni24P24, Pd 25Co25Ni25P25 and Pd 40Co40/3Ni40/3Cu40/3P20 metallic glasses. These metallic glasses certainly showed the nearly highest TX, which reflect the activation energy against crystallization, among the Pd-based metallic glasses ever reported. © 2008 materials Research Society.

关键词： Metallic glass

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The effect of hydroxyapatite/gemosil nanocomposites on extracellular matrix patterning through the promotion of osteoblast self-organization

The effect of hydroxyapatite/gemosil nanocomposites on extra...

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8th World Biomaterials Congress 2008, WBC 2008

作者： Ko, Ching-Chang Ma, Alice Kaku, Masaru Liu, Kai-Li Luo, T.-J.M. Tulloch, J.F.C. Hu, W.-S. Department of Orthodontics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599-7450 United States Applied Materials Science Program University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599-7450 United States Department of Material Science Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-7907 United States Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781615670802

It was hypothesized that the hydroxyapatite(HAP)/GEMOSIL biomaterial could promote osteoblast (MC3T3) self-organization. This study using MC3T3 cell line demonstrated formation of trabecular bone-like extracellular matrix (ECM) on the material compared to unorganized ECM on the control (no-material). The study also initiated exploratory tests for the underlying mechanisms via gene analysis and proliferation assay.

关键词： Hydroxyapatite

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IEEE Transactions on Haptics: Editorial

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IEEE Transactions on Haptics 2008年第1期1卷 2-8页

作者： Edward Colgate, J. Lederman, Susan Prattichizzo, Domenico Barbagli, Federico Basdogan, Cagatay Buss, Martin Ernst, Marc Frisoli, Antonio Gillespie, Brent Grant, Danny Harders, Matthias Hayward, Vincent Jones, Lynette Kajimoto, Hiroyuki Kappers, Astrid Kheddar, Abderrahmane Lin, Ming C. MacLean, Karon Miller, Brian Noma, Haruo Okamura, Allison M. O'Malley, Mareia Ryu, Jeha Tan, Hong Z. Yokokohji, Yasuyoshi Department of Psychology School of Computing Queen's University Canada IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Tübingen Germany Stanford University's Computer Science Department Tübingen Germany Institute of Automatic Control Engineering Technische Universität München Germany Independent Research Group Multisensory Perception and Action Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany Department of Applied Mechanics SSSA Japan Research Division Virtual Reality and Telerobotic Systems PERCRO Laboratory Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Japan Department of Robotics McGill University Canada Computer Vision Lab ETH Zurich Japan Virtual Reality in Medicine Group Japan IEEE CS/RAS Technical Committee on Haptics Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McGill University Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering MIT Japan University of Electro-Communications Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy Utrecht University Netherlands University of Evry France Chapel Hill United States Department of Computer Science University of British Columbia Canada ATR Knowledge Science Lab United Kingdom Department of Mechanical Engineering Denmark Johns Hopkins University United States Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics United Kingdom Engineering Research Center for Computer-Integrated Surgical Systems and Technology United States Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Department Rice University United States Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Psychological Sciences Purdue University United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Japan

No abstract available

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