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Compositional design of porous β-Si3N4 prepared by pressureless-sintering compositions in the Si-Y-Mg-(Ca)-O-N system

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31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites

作者： Quinlan, Mervin Plucknett, Kevin P. Garrido, Liliana Genova, Luis Materials Engineering Program Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science Dalhousie University 1360 Barrington Street Halifax NS B3J 1Z1 Canada M.B. Gonnet. Peia. De Buenos Aires Argentina IPEN Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares CCTM Centro de Ciência e Technologia de Materiais Cidade Universitária Travessa R 400 05508-900 São Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780470196403

Porous β-Si3N4 can be microstructurally engineered to provide similar mechanical properties to dense β-Si 3N4 with the additional benefits of reduced mass. However, while flexural strengths exceeding 1 GPa can be achieved by tailoring the microstructure of the material, through alignment of anisotropic β-Si 3N4 grains, the porosity levels of such materials are still relatively low (3N4 structure (ideally 20-40 vol. % porosity) with high grain aspect ratios (i.e. >10:1). This approach makes use of a low volume fraction of multiple sintering aids, where each additive plays one or more roles in the sintering behavior of Si3N4 (i.e. densification aid, transformation aid and/or whisker growth aid). Compositions are based on various ratios of Y2O3:MgO, both with and without CaO additions. Sintering has been conducted in a nitrogen atmosphere (0.1 MPa) between 1400 and 1700°C. The effects of processing parameters (e.g. composition, sintering temperature and time) will be discussed, paying particular attention to microstructure development, including both the densification behavior and α- to β-Si3N4 transformation kinetics.

关键词： Silicon compounds

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A cohesive zone modeling approach to hydrogen induced stress cracking in 25%CR duplex stainless steel

A cohesive zone modeling approach to hydrogen induced stress...

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26th International Conference on Offshore mechanics and Arctic engineering 2007, OMAE2007

作者： Olden, Vigdis Thaulow, Christian Johnsen, Roy Østby, Erling Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Engineering Design and Materials Sintef Materials and Chemistry Department of Applied Mechanics and Corrosion

ISBN: (纸本)0791842703

Hydrogen influenced cohesive zone elements are implemented in finite element (FE) models of rectangular U and V notched tensile specimens. The material description outside the cohesive zone is representative of a fine grained 25% Cr duplex stainless steel, UNS32760-S. A three step procedure consisting of conventional elastic plastic stress analysis, stress driven diffusion analysis and finally cohesive zone fracture initiation analysis makes the basis for the presented work. The applied boundary conditions are representative of mechanical stresses and environmental loads on an oil and gas pipeline in subsea conditions. A linear traction separation law gives reasonably good fit with experimental results for gross stress levels of 0.85 - 0.9 times the material yield stress. Hydrogen concentration of 40 ppm at the surface and 1 ppm in bulk always gives crack initiation at the surface despite the peak normal stress localized in front of the notch tip. Copyright © 2007 by ASME.

关键词： Crack initiation

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Decigo: The japanese space gravitational wave antenna

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11th Marcel Grossmann Meeting on Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Gravitation and Relativistic Field Theories, MG 2006

作者： Ando, Masaki Kawamura, Seiji Nakamura, Takashi Seto, Naoki Tsubono, Kimio Numata, Kenji Takahashi, Ryuichi Musha, Mitsuru Ueda, Ken-Ichi Funaki, Ikkoh Moriwaki, Shigenori Takashima, Takeshi Sakai, Shin-Ichiro Sato, Takashi Kanda, Nobuyuki Nagano, Shigeo Hosokawa, Mizuhiko Ishikawa, Takehiko Sato, Shuichi Aso, Yoichi Morimoto, Mutsuko Y. Agatsuma, Kazuhiro Akutsu, Tomomi Akutsu, Tomotada Aoyanagi, Koh-Suke Arai, Koji Arase, Yuta Araya, Akito Asada, Hideki Chiba, Takeshi Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu Enoki, Motohiro Eriguchi, Yoshiharu Hong, Feng-Lei Fujimoto, Masa-Katsu Fukushima, Mitsuhiro Futamase, Toshifumi Ganzu, Katsuhiko Harada, Tomohiro Hashimoto, Tatsuaki Hayama, Kazuhiro Hikida, Wataru Himemoto, Yoshiaki Hirabayashi, Hisashi Hiramatsu, Takashi Horisawa, Hideyuki Ichiki, Kiyotomo Ikegami, Takeshi Inoue, Kaiki T. Ioka, Kunihito Ishidoshiro, Koji Ito, Hiroyuki Itoh, Yousuke Kamagasako, Shogo Kawashima, Nobuki Kawazoe, Fumiko Kirihara, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Naoko Kiuchi, Kenta Klaus, Werner Kobayashi, Shiho Kohri, Kazunori Koizumi, Hiroyuki Kojima, Yasufumi Kokeyama, Keiko Kokuyama, Wataru Kotake, Kei Kozai, Yoshihide Kudoh, Hideaki Kunimori, Hiroo Kuninaka, Hitoshi Kuroda, Kazuaki Maeda, Kei-Ichi Matsuhara, Hideo Mino, Yasushi Miura, Jun-Ichi Miyakawa, Osamu Miyoki, Shinji Morioka, Tomoko Morisawa, Toshiyuki Mukohyama, Shinji Naito, Isao Nakagawa, Noriyasu Nakamura, Kouji Nakano, Hiroyuki Nakao, Kenichi Nakasuka, Shinichi Nakayama, Yoshinori Nishida, Erina Nishiyama, Kazutaka Nishizawa, Atsushi Niwa, Yoshito Ohashi, Masatake Ohishi, Naoko Ohkawa, Masashi Okutomi, Akira Onozato, Kouji Oohara, Kenichi Sago, Norichika Saijo, Motoyuki Sakagami, Masaaki Sakata, Shihori Sasaki, Misao Shibata, Masaru Shinkai, Hisaaki Somiya, Kentaro Sotani, Hajime Sugiyama, Naoshi Tagoshi, Hideyuki Takahashi, Tadayuki Takahashi, Ryutaro Takahashi, Kakeru Takahashi, Hirotaka Akiteru, Takamori Takano, Tadashi Tanaka, Takahiro Taniguchi, Keisuke Taruya, Atsushi Tashiro, Hiroyuki Tokuda, Mitsuru Tokunari, Masao Toyoshima, Morio Tsujikawa, Shinji Department of Physics University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan TAMA Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Irvine CA 92697-4575 United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Code 663 8800 Greenbelt Rd. Greenbelt MD 20771 United States Division of Theoretical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Institute for Laser Science University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo 182-8585 Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Sagamihara Kanagawa 229-8510 Japan Department of Advanced Materials Science University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Niigata University Niigata Niigata 950-2181 Japan Department of Physics Osaka City University Osaka Osaka 558-8585 Japan Koganei Tokyo 184-8795 Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8582 Japan Department of Physics Science and Engineering Waseda University Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan Earthquake Research Institute University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0032 Japan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Hirosaki University Hirosaki Aoraori 036-8560 Japan Department of Physics College of Humanities and Sciences Nihon University Setagaya Tokyo 156-8550 Japan RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan Astronomical Data Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Department of Earth Science and Astronomy University of Tokyo Komaba Meguro Tokyo 153-8902 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Tokyo 181-858

ISBN: (纸本)9812834265

DECIGO (DECI-hertz interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory) is the future Japanese space gravitational wave antenna with observation band around 0.1 Hz. It aims at detecting gravitational waves from various kinds of sources, with sufficient sensitivity to establish the gravitational wave astronomy. In the pre-conceptual design, DECIGO is formed by three drag-free spacecraft, 1000 km apart from one another. The relative displacements between proof masses housed in these spacecraft are measured by Fabry-Perot interferometers. We plan to launch DECIGO in 2024 after research and development phase, including two milestone missions (DECIGO pathfinder and Pre-DECIGO) for verification of required technologies. © 2008 World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

关键词： Gravity waves

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Evolution in LTPS AMLCD manufacturing via advances in laser crystallization techniques and systems

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Information Display 2007年第9期23卷 14-18页

作者： Im, James S. Limanov, A.B. Van Der Wilt, P.C. Chung, U.J. Chitu, A.M. Program in Materials Science and Engineering Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University 500 W. 120th St. 1106A Mudd New York NY 10027-6623

Substantial R&D activities are presently under way toward the development of advanced pulsed-laser-based production tools and processes that can enable sophisticated yet effective crystallization of Si films for manufacturing advanced active-matrix liquid-crystal displays (AMLCDs) that utilize poly crystalline-Si films. Implementation of such techniques in volume production, which has actually already begun, is poised to potentially permit low-tempe rature polycrystalline-Si (LTPS) AMLCD technology to pursue a more aggressive product and manufacturing roadmap. © SID 2007.

关键词： Pulsed laser applications

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High velocity impact response of fire damaged polymer matrix composites

High velocity impact response of fire damaged polymer matrix...

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SAMPE '07: M and P - From Coast to Coast and Around the World

作者： Mosbrucker, J. Miller, B. Ulven, C.A. Vaidya, U.K. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics North Dakota State University Fargo ND 58105 Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294

ISBN: (纸本)1934551007

The structural integrity and impact resistance of composite structures used in a wide range of applications can be dramatically debilitated because of catastrophic events such as fire and impact. Fire exposure can significantly reduce the structural integrity and impact resistance of a composite structure in a very short period (2 and 800 °C. Post-fire exposure and post-impact failure analysis revealed the fire degradation of the front composite facesheets was very pronounced in the sandwich composites compared to the back composite facesheet. This phenomenon is associated with the high amount of heat resistivity provided by the balsa wood core during fire exposure of the entire sandwich structure.

关键词： Polymer matrix composites

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X-Ray Diffuse Scattering Measurements of Nucleation Dynamics at Femtosecond Resolution

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Physical Review Letters 2008年第13期100卷 135502-135502页

作者： A. M. Lindenberg S. Engemann K. J. Gaffney K. Sokolowski-Tinten J. Larsson P. B. Hillyard D. A. Reis D. M. Fritz J. Arthur R. A. Akre M. J. George A. Deb P. H. Bucksbaum J. Hajdu D. A. Meyer M. Nicoul C. Blome Th. Tschentscher A. L. Cavalieri R. W. Falcone S. H. Lee R. Pahl J. Rudati P. H. Fuoss A. J. Nelson P. Krejcik D. P. Siddons P. Lorazo J. B. Hastings PULSE Center Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Menlo Park California 94025 USA Stanford University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford California 94305 USA Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory/SLAC Menlo Park California 94025 USA* Institut für Experimentelle Physik Universität Duisberg-Essen D-45117 Essen Germany Department of Physics Lund Institute of Technology P.O. Box 118 S-22100 Lund Sweden Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA FOCUS Center Department of Physics and Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Menlo Park California 94025 USA Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Biomedical Centre Uppsala University SE-75124 Uppsala Sweden Stanford University Department of Chemistry Stanford California 94305 USA Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1 D-85748 Garching Germany Department of Physics University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Length/Time Metrology Group Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon 305-600 Republic of Korea Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA Physics Department Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA National Synchrotron Light Source Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Departement de Genie Physique Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal C.P. 6079 Succursale Centre-Ville Montreal (Quebec) Canada H3C 3A7

Femtosecond time-resolved small and wide angle x-ray diffuse scattering techniques are applied to investigate the ultrafast nucleation processes that occur during the ablation process in semiconducting materials. Following intense optical excitation, a transient liquid state of high compressibility characterized by large-amplitude density fluctuations is observed and the buildup of these fluctuations is measured in real time. Small-angle scattering measurements reveal snapshots of the spontaneous nucleation of nanoscale voids within a metastable liquid and support theoretical predictions of the ablation process.

关键词： Ultrashort pulses

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Promoting holistic problem-solving in mechanics pedagogy

Promoting holistic problem-solving in mechanics pedagogy

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Papadopoulos, Chris Bostwick, Josh Dressel, Andrew University of Wisconsin Milwaukee United States Cornell University United States Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics University of Wisconsin Milwaukee United States UWM Computer Science Engineering and Mathematics Scholarship Program Brazil Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Cornell University United States

The authors propose three strategies that are designed to enhance students' understanding and problem-solving ability in introductory mechanics courses: (1) employing multiple-method problem-solving, in which students solve a given problem using more than one method;(2) organizing systems of linear equations into a standard "tabular" format which resembles matrix format;and (3) emphasizing the discussion and use of assumptions in problem-solving activities. The authors give a rationale for each strategy, present a review of several mechanics textbooks to determine the prevalence of these strategies, and provide local student performance data that, while as yet inconclusive, suggests a possible method for assessment of the strategies' efficacy. © American Society for engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： mechanics

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Electronic structure and phase stability of the Pd-based metallic glass

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Funtai Oyobi Fummatsu Yakin/Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 2007年第11期54卷 754-760页

作者： Fukamaki, Daisuke Takeuchi, Tsunehiro Soda, Kazuo Hasegawa, Masashi Mizutani, Uichiro Sato, Hirokazu Department of Applied Physics Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8603 Japan Department of Quantum Mechanics Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8603 Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8603 Japan Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute Nagakute 480-1192 Japan Department of Physics Aichi University of Education Kariya 448-8542 Japan

Stability of the Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass (BMG) was investigated by making full use of its relevant crystals which possess the same local atomic arrangements (trigonal prism cluster) about phosphorus as those in the BMG. The electronic structure of relevant crystals calculated by the FLAPW band calculation showed covalent bonds between phosphorus and transition metal elements (nickel and palladium). This covalent bonds must lead to a low internal energy of the relevant crystals, and perhaps of the corresponding metallic glass. Characteristics in the density of states were well reproduced in the cluster orbitais of the (Pd,Ni)9P trigonal cluster calculated by the DV-Xα method. This fact indicates that the electronic structure of the relevant crystals is dominated by that of the trigonal cluster. Photoemission spectroscopy on the relevant crystals and the BMG proved that all these phases possess nearly the same electronic structure. It is concluded that the structure of BMG is built up with the random network of the (Pd,Ni)9P clusters with large degree of flexibility with keeping the low internal energy. This condition must lead to a decrease of free energy of the system and stabilize the BMG.

关键词： Metallic glass

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Melt-mediated laser crystallization of thin film NiTi shape memory alloys

Melt-mediated laser crystallization of thin film NiTi shape ...

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26th International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics, ICALEO 2007

作者： Birnbaum, Andrew J. Chung, Ui-Jin Huang, Xu Ramirez, Ainissa G. Polvino, Sean Yao, Y. Lawrence Mechanical Engineering Department Columbia University New York NY 10027 United States Program in Materials Science Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New York NY 10027 United States Mechanical Engineering Department Yale University New Haven CT 06511 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780912035888

This work utilizes pulsed, melt-mediated laser crystallization techniques to control the spatial distribution of crystalline zones within an as sputter-deposited amorphous matrix. Since shape memory responses stem from crystallographic shifts, only the selectively crystallized regions exhibit these properties. This process provides not only spatial control over the shape memory response, but potentially, through proper use of operational parameters, the shape memory response itself, i.e. phase transformation temperature, transformation strain, recovery stress etc. The solidification process is monitored in situ via transient reflectance. Furthermore, the effects of varying energy density within the irradiated region are examined with respect to the resulting micro-structure via atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and x-ray diffraction (XRD).

关键词： Atomic force microscopy

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A plausible mechanism for the evolution of helical forms in nanostructure growth

A plausible mechanism for the evolution of helical forms in ...

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作者： Bandaru, P.R. Daraio, C. Yang, K. Rao, A.M. Materials Science Program Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0411 Aeronautics and Applied Physics California Institute of Technology Mail Code 105-50 Pasadena CA 91125 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson University Clemson SC 29634-0978

The observation of helices and coils in nano-tube/-fiber (NT/NF) syntheses is explained on the basis of the interactions between specific catalyst particles and the growing nanostructure. In addition to rationalizing nonlinear structure, the proposed model probes the interplay between thermodynamic quantities and predicts conditions for optimal growth. Experimental results on the effect of indium catalyst on affecting the coil pitch in NTs and NFs are presented. © 2007 The American Physical Society.

关键词： Nanotubes

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