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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhao, Kai Ding, Yu Yu, Haiyang He, Jianying Zhang, Zhiliang School of Mechanical Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi214122 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Wuxi214122 China Trondheim7491 Norway Division of Applied Mechanics Department of Materials Science and Engineering Uppsala University Uppsala75121 Sweden

The plastic events occurring during the process of intergranular fracture in metals is still not well understood due to the complexity of grain boundary (GB) structures and their interactions with crack-tip dislocation plasticity. By considering the local GB structural transformation after dislocation emission from a GB in the Peierls-type Rice-Beltz model, herein we established a semi-analytical transition-state-theory-based framework to predict the most probable Mode-I stress intensity factor (SIF) for dislocation emission from a cracked GB. Using large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we studied the fracture behaviors of bi-crystalline Fe samples with 12 different symmetric tilt GBs inside. The MD results demonstrate that the presence of GB could significantly change the SIF required for the activation of plastic events, confirming the theoretical predictions that attributes this to the energy change caused by the transformation of GB structure. Both the atomistic simulation and the theoretical model consistently indicate that, the critical dynamic SIF (KKIIcc(tt)) at which the dynamic SIF KKIIcc(tt) deviates from the linearity with respect to the strain ΕΕ, increases with the increasing loading rate. However, the classical Rice model underestimates the KKIIcc(tt) due to its failure to consider the effects of localized fields. The present theoretical model provides a mechanism-based framework for the application of grain boundary engineering in the design and fabrication of nano-grained metals. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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Sensing property of Ga2O3-based extended-gate field-effect transistors for a living cell viability sensor

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Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2023年 349卷

作者： Chou, Hsin-Yu Chiang, Jung-Lung Yu, Chang-Tze Ricky Chen, Jo-Mei Maureen Wuu, Dong-Sing Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung40227 Taiwan Ph.D. Program Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411030 Taiwan Department of Applied Chemistry National Chi-Nan University Nantou54561 Taiwan Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou54561 Taiwan

In this study, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanorods were deposited onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate to develop a real-time living cell viability sensor. Ga2O3 nanorods had characteristics of cell population sensing based on cellular metabolism to detect cell viability. The pH sensing characteristics of Ga2O3-based extended-gate field-effect transistors (EGFETs) with and without the annealing process were measured from pH 1–11. Three different sensor heads, ITO/glass, GaOOH/ITO/glass, and Ga2O3/ITO/glass, were produced as EGFETs and immersed into a pH standard buffer and high-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) to investigate hydrogen ion sensing. Results showed that the Ga2O3/ITO/glass probe had the best hydrogen ion sensing sensitivity and stability in different sample buffers. In contrast, GaOOH/ITO/glass had instability and lower sensitivity due to interference with other components in the medium. The drift characteristic of sensors was analyzed to detect long-term stability. The Ga2O3/ITO/glass probe showed lower drift properties, which can potentially monitor the DMEM situation in real-time for a long-term period. During in vitro detection, the Ga2O3/ITO/glass probe revealed a 70 μA/cells change in IDS-VDS analysis and a 10 μV/cells change in IDS-VGS analysis, which was superior linearly dependent within 10,000 cells. The biocompatibility of the Ga2O3/ITO/glass probe was also detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)− 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and showed no cytotoxicity. Overall, the Ga2O3/ITO/glass EGFET sensor has potential applications as a living cell viability device in microenvironmental studies in the future. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Nanorods

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An improved model of damage depth of shock-melted metal in microspall under triangular wave loading

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第9期30卷 412-418页

作者： Wen-Bin Liu An-Min He Kun Wang Jian-Ting Xin Jian-Li Shao Nan-Sheng Liu Pei Wang Department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics Beijing 100088China College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory Research Center of Laser FusionChina Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Center for Applied Physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Damage depth is an important dynamic parameter for describing the degree of material damage and is also a key fundamental issue in the field of impact compression *** present work is dedicated to the damage depth of shock-melted metal in microspall under triangular wave loading,and an improved model of damage depth considering the material's compressibility and relative movement is *** damage depth obtained from the proposed model is in good agreement with the laser-driven shock loading *** with the previous model,the proposed model can predict the damage depth of shock-melted metal in microspall more ***,two-groups of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)simulations are carried out to investigate the effects of peak stress and decay length of the incident triangular wave on the damage depth,*** the decay length increases,the damage depth increases *** the peak stress increases,the damage depth increases nonlinearly,and the increase in damage depth gradually slows *** results of the SPH simulations adequately reproduce the results of the proposed model in terms of the damage ***,it is found that the threshold stress criterion can reflect the macroscopic characteristics of microspall of melted metal.

关键词： damage depth theoretical modeling microspall triangular wave

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Insights on copper,manganese,and Nickel/ZSM-5 catalytic mechanisms for nitric oxides selective reduction with ammonia

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2022年第1期5卷 15-25页

作者： Cheng Liu Running Kang Feng Bin Xiaolin Wei Kwun Nam Hui Saravanan Kasipandi Kwan San Hui State Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Gas Dynamics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190PR China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049PR China School of Automobile Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070PR China Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringAalto UniversityKemistintie 1 P.O.Box 16100Espoo FI-00076Finland Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of MacaoAvenida da UniversidadeTaipaMacaoPR China School of Engineering Faculty of ScienceUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research Park NR47TJUnited Kingdom

The elucidation of the selective catalytic reduction mechanisms over state-of-the-art metal-promoted zeolites is essential for nitric oxides removal in automobile and stationary source *** this work,H/ZSM-5 catalysts modified with transition metals,including copper,manganese,and nickel,were prepared by using an incipient wetness impregnation method and were evaluated for the selective reduction of nitric oxides with *** indicate that copper/ZSM-5 exhibits the highest catalytic activity,with>90%nitric oxide conversion at a broad operation temperature window(221–445◦C).The nitric oxide conversion profiles of nickel/ZSM-5 shows two peaks that correspond to weak activity among the catalysts;the low-temperature peak(290◦C)was induced by nickel clusters dispersed on the ZSM-5 surface,while the high-temperature peak(460◦C)was assigned to the bulk nickel *** size of granular nickel monoxide crystallites with an exposed(202)plane is 2–30 nm,as confirmed by Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and Transmission electron microscope ***-programmed reductions with hydrogen results testified that the copper and nickel cations,as the main species contributing to selective catalytic reduction,were reduced via Cu^(2+)/Cu^(+)→Cu^(0) and Ni^(2+)→Ni^(0) for copper/ZSM-5 and nickel/ZSM-5,respectively,while for the manganese/ZSM5,the Mn3+species in manganese clusters were reduced to Mn^(2+) by ***,temperatureprogrammed desorption coupled with mass spectrometer(TPD-MS)and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)were comprehensively used to reveal the relationship between zeolite structure and catalysts’properties for improving selective catalytic *** results confirm that the ammonia is adsorbed and activated on both Brønsted and Lewis acid *** nitrous oxide desorbs in two stages during nitric oxide-TPD-MS measurements,corresponding to the desorption of nitric

关键词： Selective catalytic reduction Transition metals ZSM-5 Reaction mechanism Kinetics

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engineering dimensionality of collective dipole-dipole interactions using a nanophotonic environment

Engineering dimensionality of collective dipole-dipole inter...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Ashwin K. Boddeti Yi Wang Xitlali Juarez Alexandra Boltasseva Hadiseh Alaeian Teri W. Odom Zubin Jacob Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University Evanston IL USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA

We experimentally demonstrate reduced dimensionality in a interacting ensemble of emitters. The well-known stretched exponential decay dynamics, I(t)/I 0 = exp(−γ D t)exp(−αt β ) with β = 0.5 in 3D geometries, is... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Energy transfer Fluorescence Molecules Spontaneous emission Titanium dioxide

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Silicon–metal and silicon–silicon ultrafast laser welding with domesticated filaments 17

Silicon–metal and silicon–silicon ultrafast laser welding ...

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Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XVII 2023

作者： Chambonneau, Maxime Li, Qingfeng Blothe, Markus Fedorov, Vladimir Yu. Tzortzakis, Stelios Nolte, Stefan Friedrich Schiller University Jena Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of Photonics Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 Jena07745 Germany Science Program Texas A&M University at Qatar P.O. Box 23874 Doha Qatar P.O. Box 1527 HeraklionGR-71110 Greece Materials Science and Technology Department University of Crete Heraklion71003 Greece Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering Albert-Einstein-Straße 7 Jena07745 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510659230

We demonstrate for the first time ultrafast laser welding in the silicon–metal and silicon–silicon configurations, with focused infrared picosecond pulses. This achievement relies on accurate characterizations of filamentation in silicon with nonlinear propagation imaging. In the silicon–metal configuration, precompensating for the nonlinear focal shift prior to the welding yields bonding strengths > 1 MPa. By combining this filament relocation technique with metallic nanolayer deposition at the interface to exalt the energy deposition, similar bonding strength values are obtained in the silicon–silicon configuration. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Silicon

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On The Mechanism of Nucleation in Pulsed-laser Quenched Si Films on SiO 2

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2021年第1期1245卷 1-6页

作者： Y. Deng Q. Hu U. J. Chung A. M. Chitu A. B. Limanov S. James Im Program in Materials Science and Engineering Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New York USA

We have investigated the solid nucleation mechanism in laser-quenched Si films on SiO2. Previously neglected experimental steps, consisting of BHF-etching and irradiation in vacuum, were implemented to reduce potential extrinsic influences. The resulting experimental findings and computational analysis lead us to conclude that solid nucleation consistently takes place heterogeneously at, and only at, the bottom liquid Si-SiO2 interface.

关键词： Si thin film nucleation & growth

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Investigating the impact of metal ion variations in terephthalate metal–organic frameworks on the organic solvent nanofiltration performance of mixed matrix membranes

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Journal of Membrane science 2024年 700卷

作者： Ajebe, Eyasu Gebrie Hu, Chien Chieh Lugito, Graecia Hu, Chun-Po Hung, Wei-Song Lee, Kueir-Rarn Lai, Juin-Yih Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Chemical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung West Java Indonesia Nanyang Technological University 1 Cleantech Loop Singapore R&D Center for Membrane Technology Chung Yuan University Chungli Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Chungli Taoyuan Taiwan

Nano-fillers integrated into mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) present promising alternatives for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN). In this work, our objective is to enhance OSN performance by incorporating terephthalate metal-organic frameworks (M-BDC, where M = Zr or Cu) into a P84 matrix to fabricate M-BDC/P84 composite MMMs. This work focuses on the influence of metal cluster variation on particle size, pore size distribution, and specific surface area of M-BDC, while systematically investigating the impact of M-BDC addition on OSN performance and underlying separation mechanisms. The synthesized membranes underwent comprehensive characterization using SEM, XRD, ATR-FTIR, contact angle, zeta potential, and thermogravimetric analysis. Significantly, all MMMs exhibited superior permeance and methyl blue (MB) rejection compared to P84 membranes. This enhancement is attributed to the improved interfacial contact between M-BDC and P84, as well as their effective dispersion within the membrane matrix. Interestingly, comparative analysis between Cu-BDC/P84 and Zr-BDC/P84 MMMs revealed the latter's superior permeance, attributed to its larger pore size and surface area. The resulting MMMs demonstrated outstanding MB rejection (>96.7%) with ethanol permeance of 21.5 and 19.0 LMH/Bar for Zr-BDC/P84 and Cu-BDC/P84 MMMs, respectively. Furthermore, the stable performance of M-BDC-based MMMs during prolonged MB/ethanol operation underscores their potential significance in the field of OSN, providing valuable insights for future membrane design and application. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Organometallics

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Reliability of Deployed Organic Photovoltaic Modules

Reliability of Deployed Organic Photovoltaic Modules

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IEEE Conference Photovoltaic Specialists (PVSC)

作者： Hafiz K. M. Sheriff Yongxi Li Sammy Saad Stephen R. Forrest Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665464260

ISBN: (纸本)9781665475822

The commercial future of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) relies on their efficiency and reliability. Recent progress in the field has ensured the achievement of device efficiency comparable to those of commercial silicon-based photovoltaics (Si-PVs) [1]. In pursuit of reliable devices, recent works have demonstrated the intrinsic stability of both small-molecule, vacuum deposited [2] and non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) – polymer-based devices [3] under controlled laboratory conditions. The final step for outdoor deployment is therefore a demonstration of the reliability of large area OPV modules in the field, subjected to fluctuating environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, rainfall, snow, and solar intensity. In this work, we develop a customized test facility intended for the study of the reliability of large area OPV modules deployed in outdoor environments. The facility is designed for automated in-situ measurements calibrated to 1 sun solar intensity, AM 1.5 G illumination. Initial data show the modules retain more than 95% of their initial performance for 150 h when exposed to varying solar intensities, temperature fluctuations of -2°C to 10°C, and relative humidity as high as 90%. The only significant extrinsic challenge to device stability observed was the ingress of water into the package. This is mitigated by improved packaging which utilizes polyisobutylene (PIB) encapsulation and a customized insulated glass unit (IGU).

关键词： Temperature measurement Temperature distribution Test facilities Rain Snow Humidity Solar panels Polymers Sun Thermal stability

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Minimizing the Ground Effect for Photophoretically Levitating Disks

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Physical Review applied 2023年第4期19卷 044004-044004页

作者： Zhipeng Lu Miranda Stern Jinqiao Li David Candia Lorenzo Yao-Bate Thomas J. Celenza Mohsen Azadi Matthew F. Campbell Igor Bargatin Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Department of Physics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Singh Center for Nanotechnology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Photophoretic levitation is a propulsion mechanism by which lightweight objects can be lifted and controlled through their interactions with light. Since photophoretic forces on macroscopic objects are usually maximized at low pressures, they may be tested in a vacuum chamber in close proximity to the chamber floor and walls. We report experimental evidence that the terrain under levitating microflyers, including the chamber floor or the launchpad from which the microflyer lifts off, can greatly increase the photophoretic lift forces relative to their free-space (midair) values. To characterize this so-called “ground effect” during vacuum-chamber tests, we introduce a miniature launchpad composed of three J-shaped (candy-cane-like) wires that minimize the microflyer’s extraneous interactions with the underlying surfaces. We compare our J-shaped-wire launchpad with previously used wire-mesh launchpads for simple levitating Mylar-based disks with diameters of 2, 4, and 8 cm. Importantly, we discover that wire-mesh launchpads increase the photophoretic lift force by up to sixfold. A significant ground effect is also associated with the bottom of the vacuum chamber, particularly when the distance to the bottom surface is less than the diameter of the levitating disk. We provide guidelines to minimize the ground effect in vacuum-chamber experiments, which are necessary to test photophoretic microflyers intended for high-altitude exploration and surveillance on Earth or on Mars.

关键词： Aerodynamics Atmospheric fluid dynamics Classical mechanics Compressible flows Heat transfer Light-matter interaction Mechanical properties of membranes Devices

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