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Bulk passivation of perovskite films utilizing halide anion ionic liquids

International Journal of Thermofluids 2023年 20卷

作者： Alashkar, Adnan Ayoub, Mohamad Ibrahim, Taleb Khamis, Mustafa Nancarrow, Paul Alami, Abdul Hai Tabet, Nouar PhD Program in Materials Science and Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre RISE University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates Department of Chemical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Biology Chemistry and Environmental Sciences College of Arts and Sciences American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates Center for Advanced Materials Research Research Institute of Science and Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates

Chemical additives to perovskite precursors constitute a predominant route to passivate defects in perovskite films and improve carrier charge dynamics. In this work, ionic liquids (ILs) with chloride and iodide anions are used as additives for bulk passivation of perovskite films. The ionic liquids in the form of 1‑butyl‑4-methylpyradinium iodide (IL-I) and 1-ethylimidazolium chloride (IL-Cl) are mixed individually with a precursor of Cesium Formamidinium Lead Triiodide and Methylammonium Chloride (CsFAPbI3−MACl). The decay of charge carriers within the perovskite film before and after passivation with ILs was measured by Time Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (TRPL). The effect of added ILs on the recombination rate of the photocarriers was investigated by analyzing the decay of the TRPL signal in all samples. The average lifetimes obtained within one day of preparations were 79 ns, 73 ns and 275 ns for pristine perovskite, IL-I passivated perovskite and IL-Cl passivated perovskite films, respectively. These values show that the presence of the IL with chloride anion greatly improves the average lifetime of the charge carrier by around 250%, while IL with iodide anion decreased the lifetime by 32% as compared with the pristine perovskite sample. This finding renders the IL-Cl passivated perovskite films as a valuable resource in applications ranging from photoelectric to hydrogen generation devices. © 2023

关键词： Ionic liquids

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Addressing challenges for operating electrochemical solar fuels technologies under variable and diurnal conditions

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Frontiers in Energy Research 2024年 12卷

作者： Yap, Kyra M. K. Lee, Sol A. Kistler, Tobias A. Collins, Darci K. Warren, Emily L. Atwater, Harry A. Jaramillo, Thomas F. Xiang, Chengxiang Nielander, Adam C. Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA United States Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Chemistry and Nanoscience Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO United States Advanced Energy Systems Graduate Program Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO United States

The outdoor operation of electrochemical solar fuels devices must contend with challenges presented by the cycles of solar irradiance, temperature, and other meteorological factors. Herein, we discuss challenges associated with these fluctuations presented over three timescales, including the effects of diurnal cycling over the course of many days, a single diurnal cycle over the course of hours, and meteorological phenomena that cause fluctuations on the order of seconds to minutes. We also highlight both reaction-independent and reaction-specific effects of variable conditions for the hydrogen evolution reaction and CO2 reduction reaction. We identify key areas of research for advancing the outdoor operation of solar fuels technology and highlight the need for metrics and benchmarks to enable the comparison of diurnal studies across systems and geographical locations. Copyright © 2024 Yap, Lee, Kistler, Collins, Warren, Atwater, Jaramillo, Xiang and Nielander.

关键词： Hydrogen fuels

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Quincke Oscillations of Colloids at Planar Electrodes

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Physical Review Letters 2021年第25期126卷 258001-258001页

作者： Zhengyan Zhang Hang Yuan Yong Dou Monica Olvera de la Cruz Kyle J. M. Bishop Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Dielectric particles in weakly conducting fluids rotate spontaneously when subject to strong electric fields. Such Quincke rotation near a plane electrode leads to particle translation that enables physical models of active matter. In this Letter, we show that Quincke rollers can also exhibit oscillatory dynamics, whereby particles move back and forth about a fixed location. We explain how oscillations arise for micron-scale particles commensurate with the thickness of a field-induced boundary layer in the nonpolar electrolyte. This work enables the design of colloidal oscillators.

关键词： Electrokinetic flows Active matter Self-propelled particles

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General framework for the mechanical response of metallic glasses during strain-rate-dependent uniaxial compression

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Physical Review materials 2023年第10期7卷 105604-105604页

作者： Weiwei Jin Amit Datye Udo D. Schwarz Mark D. Shattuck Corey S. O'Hern Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

Experimental data on compressive strength σmax versus strain rate ɛ̇eng for metallic glasses undergoing uniaxial compression show varying strain rate sensitivity. For some metallic glasses, σmax decreases with increasing ɛ̇eng, while for others, σmax increases with increasing ɛ̇eng, and for certain alloys σmax versus ɛ̇eng is nonmonotonic. To understand their strain rate sensitivity, we conduct molecular dynamics simulations of metallic glasses undergoing uniaxial compression at finite strain rates and coupled to heat baths with a range of temperatures T0 and damping parameters b. In the T0→0 and b→0 limits, we find that the compressive strength σmax versus temperature T obeys a “chevron-shaped” scaling relation. In the low-strain-rate regime, σmax decreases linearly with increasing T, whereas σmax grows as a power law with decreasing T in the high-strain-rate regime. For T0>0, σmax(T) deviates from the scaling curve at low strain rates, but σmax(T) rejoins the scaling curve as the strain rate increases. Enhanced dissipation reduces compression-induced heating, which causes σmax(T) to deviate from the b→0 scaling behavior for intermediate strain rates, but σmax(T) converges to the high-strain-rate power-law scaling behavior at sufficiently high strain rates. Determining σmax(T) as a function of b and T0 provides a general framework for explaining the strain rate sensitivity of metallic glasses under compression.

关键词： Compressive strength Mechanical deformation Amorphous materials Metallic glasses Molecular dynamics

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Performance comparison of InGaN-based 40–80 μm micro-LEDs fabricated with and without plasma etching

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materials Today Advances 2024年 22卷

作者： Lo, Yu-Yun Chen, Yi-Ho Hsu, Yun-Cheng Lee, Tzu-Yi Hung, Yu-Ying Kao, Yu-Cheng Zan, Hsiao-Wen Wuu, Dong- Sing Kuo, Hao-Chung Samukawa, Seiji Horng, Ray-Hua Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Photonics College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung40227 Taiwan Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou54561 Taiwan Semiconductor Research Center Hon Hai Research Institute Taipei11492 Taiwan Institute of Communications Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

The fabrication of InGaN-based blue 4✕4 array micro-LEDs (μLEDs) with 40 μm ✕40 μm chip size and 2✕2 array μLEDs with 80 μm ✕80 μm chip size etching by the inductive coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICPRIE) and defect-free neutral beam etching (NBE) processes was studied in this work. In μLEDs of this size, the influence of defects formation in the sidewalls on EQE was evaluated. There was almost no difference in EQE between μLEDs array etched by the NBE process no matter 40 μm ✕40 μm and 80 μm ✕80 μm, but the dependence was observed in the ICPRIE. Even with this size, it was found that the size effect of EQE is smaller than that in case of using ICPRIE for defect-free neutral beam etching. This impact is substantial since μLED predominantly operated at low current density, around 1–5 A/cm2. Consequently, the reduction of defect density, encompassing both internal and sidewall defects, becomes imperative even in 40–80 μm InGaN-based μLEDs. This not only improves the overall efficiency of μLEDs but also fortifies the brightness stability of μLED displays if process etching by NBE. It was also found that the etching shape had an influence on EQE. It could be attributed to fact that the etching profile angle of NBE was more vertical than that of ICPRIE. Because the different angles of the mesa resulted in different light intensity. The μLEDs emitting with a wavelength of 450 nm, the light extraction efficiency and intensity at a mesa angle 58° of NBE etching μLEDs was about 8% lower than those of an angle (38°) of ICPRIE etching μLEDs by simulation. © The Authors

关键词： Light emitting diodes

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Imaging 3D Chemistry at 1 nm Resolution with Fused Multi-Modal Electron Tomography

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Schwartz, Jonathan Di, Zichao Wendy Jiang, Yi Manassa, Jason Pietryga, Jacob Qian, Yiwen Cho, Min Gee Rowell, Jonathan L. Zheng, Huihuo Robinson, Richard D. Gu, Junsi Kirilin, Alexey Rozeveld, Steve Ercius, Peter Fessler, Jeffrey A. Xu, Ting Scott, Mary Hovden, Robert Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Advanced Photon Source Facility Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Department of Material Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University IthacaNY United States Argonne Leadership Computing Facility Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Department of Material Science and Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY United States Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Cornell University IthacaNY United States Dow Chemical Co. MidlandMI United States National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States

Measuring the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of chemistry in nanoscale matter is a longstanding challenge for metrological science. The inelastic scattering events required for 3D chemical imaging are too rare, requiring high beam exposure that destroys the specimen before an experiment completes. Even larger doses are required to achieve high resolution. Thus, chemical mapping in 3D has been unachievable except at lower resolution with the most radiation-hard materials. Here, high-resolution 3D chemical imaging is achieved near or below one nanometer resolution in a Au-Fe3O4 metamaterial, Co3O4 - Mn3O4 core-shell nanocrystals, and ZnS-Cu0.64S0.36 nanomaterial using fused multi-modal electron tomography. Multi-modal data fusion enables high-resolution chemical tomography often with 99% less dose by linking information encoded within both elastic (HAADF) and inelastic (EDX / EELS) signals. Now sub-nanometer 3D resolution of chemistry is measurable for a broad class of geometrically and compositionally complex materials. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Zinc sulfide

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Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles: Synthesis, structure, and application in sensing

ChemPhysMater

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ChemPhysMater 2025年

作者： Nene, Ajinkya Antarnusa, Ganesha Dulta, Kanika Sadeghzade, Sorour Wang, Liwen Ravikumar, Chandan Hunsur Aman, Junaid Khongthaw, Banlambhabok Kandwal, Abhishek Somani, Prakash Kumar, Ashish Ramachandran, Krishnamoorthy Subramaniam, Vadivel Galluzzi, Massimiliano Dou, Shixue Liu, Xinghui Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Department of Physics Education Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Serang 42122 Indonesia Faculty of Materials Science and Technology VSB -Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava 70800 Czech Republic School of Applied and Life Sciences Uttaranchal University Dehradun 248007 India School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310023 China School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain (deemed-to-be-University) Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112 India Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology Shoolini University Solan 173229 India School of CHIPS Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou 215400 China Center for Grand Challenges and Green Technologies Applied Science Innovations Pvt. Ltd. Pune 411041 India Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144401 India Department of Physics Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai 600026 India Department of Physics Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Chennai 602105 India Institute of Energy Materials Science University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Laboratory of Emergency Safety and Rescue Technology Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology Xiangyang 441003 China

Biosensors are crucial for detecting various analytes relevant to bioanalytical applications. To enhance the specificity and sensitivity of biosensors, bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) have been utilized, which demonstrate significant potential for sensing applications owing to their constituent materials’ inherent properties, small size, unique architectural features, and biomimetic behavior. Among BNPs, Au–Ag BNPs are promising for sensing applications owing to their small size, high sensitivity, and distinctive characteristics. Herein, we first briefly present the development of Au–Ag BNPs and discuss the fundamentals. Subsequently, we present the relationship between the synthesis method and structure of Au–Ag BNPs. Furthermore, recent advancements in Au–Ag BNPs are highlighted for their role in enhancing biosensors, particularly for electrode modifiers, signal amplifiers, and recognition materials. Finally, we propose several existing challenges and summarize insights pertaining to the potential development of Au–Ag BNPs for biosensing applications. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles Biosensing Electrochemistry Synthesis

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Low Temperature Spin Seebeck Effect in Non-Magnetic Vanadium Dioxide

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Luo, Renjie Legvold, Tanner J. Chen, Liyang Navarro, Henry Basaran, Ali C. Hong, Deshun Liu, Changjiang Bhattacharya, Anand Schuller, Ivan K. Natelson, Douglas Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Rice Quantum Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics Center for Advanced Nanoscience University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is sensitive to thermally driven magnetic excitations in magnetic insulators. Vanadium dioxide in its insulating low temperature phase is expected to lack magnetic degrees of freedom, as vanadium atoms are thought to form singlets upon dimerization of the vanadium chains. Instead, we find a paramagnetic SSE response in VO2 films that grows as the temperature decreases below 50 K. The field and temperature dependent SSE voltage is qualitatively consistent with a general model of paramagnetic SSE response and inconsistent with triplet spin transport. Quantitative estimates find a spin Seebeck coefficient comparable in magnitude to that observed in strongly magnetic materials. The microscopic nature of the magnetic excitations in VO2 requires further examination. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Paramagnetism

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Modulation of ionic conduction using polarizable surfaces

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Physical Review Research 2023年第4期5卷 043174-043174页

作者： A. P. dos Santos F. Jiménez-Ángeles A. Ehlen M. Olvera de la Cruz Instituto de Física Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Caixa Postal 15051 CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre RS Brazil Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Hybrid ionic-electronic conductors have the potential to generate memory effects and neuronal behavior. The functionality of these mixed materials depends on ion motion through thin polarizable channels. Here, we explore different polarization models to show that the current and conductivity of electrolytes is higher when confined by conductors than by dielectrics. We find nonlinear currents in both dielectrics and conductors, and we recover the known linear (Ohmic) result only in the two-dimensional limit between conductors. We show that the polarization charge location impacts electrolyte structure and transport properties. This work suggests a mechanism to induce memristor hysteresis loops using conductor-dielectric switchable materials.

关键词： Electric polarization Electrical conductivity Resistive switching

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Identifying the minimal sets of distance restraints for FRET-assisted protein structural modeling

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Zhuoyi Grigas, Alex T. Sumner, Jacob Knab, Edward Davis, Caitlin M. O’Hern, Corey S. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Chemistry Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Proteins naturally occur in crowded cellular environments and interact with other proteins, nucleic acids, and organelles. Since most previous experimental protein structure determination techniques require that proteins occur in idealized, non-physiological environments, the effects of realistic cellular environments on protein structure are largely unexplored. Recently, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been shown to be an effective experimental method for investigating protein structure in vivo. Inter-residue distances measured in vivo can be incorporated as restraints in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to model protein structural dynamics in vivo. Since most FRET studies only obtain inter-residue separations for a small number of amino acid pairs, it is important to determine the minimum number of restraints in the MD simulations that are required to achieve a given root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) from the experimental structural ensemble. Further, what is the optimal method for selecting these inter-residue restraints? Here, we implement several methods for selecting the most important FRET pairs and determine the number of pairs Nr that are needed to induce conformational changes in proteins between two experimentally determined structures. We find that enforcing only a small fraction of restraints, Nr/N 0.08, where N is the number of amino acids, can induce the conformational changes. These results establish the efficacy of FRET-assisted MD simulations for atomic scale structural modeling of proteins in vivo. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Conformations

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