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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Hao Pasha, Altaf Metcalf, Isaac Zhou, Jianlin Staunstrup, Mathias Zhu, Yunxuan Liao, Shusen Ssennyimba, Ken Chen, Jia-Shiang Reddy, Surya Prakash Thébaud, Simon Hou, Jin Shuai, Xinting Mandani, Faiz Sidhik, Siraj Jones, Matthew R. Ma, Xuedan Balakrishna, R. Geetha Susarla, Sandhya Ginger, David S. Katan, Claudine Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Bawendi, Moungi G. Natelson, Douglas Tamarat, Philippe Lounis, Brahim Even, Jacky Mohite, Aditya D. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University Jain Global Campus Kanakapura Karnataka Bangalore562112 India Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Université de Bordeaux LP2N Talence France Institut d’Optique CNRS LP2N Talence France Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University TempeAZ85281 United States UMR 6082 CNRS INSA de Rennes Rennes35708 France Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Chemistry University of Washington Box 351700 SeattleWA98195-1700 United States UMR 6226 Rennes35000 France Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Colloidal perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are an exciting platform for on-demand quantum, and classical optoelectronic and photonic devices. However, their potential success is limited by the extreme sensitivity and low stability arising from their weak intrinsic lattice bond energy and complex surface chemistry. Here we report a novel platform of buried perovskite quantum dots (b-PQDs) in a three-dimensional perovskite thin-film, fabricated using one-step, flash annealing, which overcomes surface related instabilities in colloidal perovskite dots. The b-PQDs demonstrate ultrabright and stable single-dot emission, with resolution-limited linewidths below 130 μeV, photon-antibunching (g2(0)=0.1), no blinking, suppressed spectral diffusion, and high photon count rates of 104/s, consistent with unity quantum yield. The ultrasharp linewidth resolves exciton fine-structures (dark and triplet excitons) and their dynamics under a magnetic field. Additionally, b-PQDs can be electrically driven to emit single photons with 1 meV linewidth and photon-antibunching (g2(0)=0.4). These results pave the way for on-chip, low-cost single-photon sources for next generation quantum optical communication and sensing. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Photons

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Low-Pressure Argon/Hydrogen/Oxygen Plasma Treatment on Limn2o4 Li-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Chen, Hong-Kai Ni, I-Chih Wu, Chih-I Cheng, I-Chun Chen, Jian-Zhang Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics National Taiwan University Taipei City10617 Taiwan Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei City10617 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics National Taiwan University Taipei City10617 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei City10617 Taiwan National Taiwan University Taipei City10617 Taiwan Graduate School of Advanced Technology National Taiwan University Taipei City10617 Taiwan

LiCl + Mn(NO3)2·4H2O pastes are screen-printed on a carbon cloth substrate and then calcined at 400°C for 6 h in a tube furnace to convert them into LiMn2O4. Ar, Ar+5%H2, or Ar+5%O2 low-pressure plasma is then used to treat the LiMn2O4/carbon cloth. The treated LiMn2O4/carbon cloth is then used as the electrode for a Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors (Li-HSCs) with 1-M Li2SO4 liquid electrolyte. Li-HSCs are characterized by galvanostatic charging/discharging, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that plasma treatment improves the Li-HSCs performance. In particular, Ar+5%O2 plasma treatment increases the areal capacity by ~24% to 23.12 µA h/cm2. It also improves the coulomb efficiency and capacity retention rate of LiMn2O4 Li-HSCs. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium compounds

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Low-Pressure Argon/Hydrogen/Oxygen Plasma Treatment on Limn2o4 Li-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

LiCl + Mn(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O pastes are screen-printed on a carbon cloth substrate and then calcined at 400°C for 6 h in a tube furnace to convert them into LiMn 2 O 4 . Ar, Ar+5%H 2 , or Ar+5%O 2 low-pressure plasma is then used to treat the LiMn 2 O 4 /carbon cloth. The treated LiMn 2 O 4 /carbon cloth is then used as the electrode for a Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors (Li-HSCs) with 1-M Li 2 SO 4 liquid electrolyte. Li-HSCs are characterized by galvanostatic charging/discharging, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that plasma treatment improves the Li-HSCs performance. In particular, Ar+5%O 2 plasma treatment increases the areal capacity by ~24% to 23.12 µA h/cm 2 . It also improves the coulomb efficiency and capacity retention rate of LiMn 2 O 4 Li-HSCs. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium compounds

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Modeling subgrid-scale forces by spatial artificial neural networks in large eddy simulation of turbulence

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Physical Review Fluids 2020年第5期5卷 054606-054606页

作者： Chenyue Xie Jianchun Wang Weinan E Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Complex Aerospace Flows Center for Complex Flows and Soft Matter Research Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China Department of Mathematics Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

Spatial artificial neural network (ANN) models are developed for subgrid-scale (SGS) forces in the large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulence. The input features are based on the first-order derivatives of the filtered velocity field at different spatial locations. The correlation coefficients of SGS forces predicted by the spatial artifical neural network (SANN) models with reasonable spatial stencil geometry can be made larger than 0.99 in an a priori analysis, and the relative error of SGS forces can be made smaller than 15%, much smaller than that of the traditional gradient model. In a posteriori analysis, a detailed comparison is made on the results of LES using the SANN model, implicit large eddy simulation (ILES), the dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM), and the dynamic mixed model (DMM) at grid resolution of 643. It is shown that the SANN model performs better than the ILES, DSM, and DMM models in the prediction of the spectrum and other statistical properties of the velocity field, as well as the instantaneous flow structures. These results suggest that artificial neural network with consideration of spatial characteristics is a very effective tool for developing advanced SGS models in LES of turbulence.

关键词： Compressible flows Turbulence Artificial neural networks

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Geometrical effect coupled with nanofluid on heat transfer enhancement in heat exchangers

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2021年 10卷

作者： Olabi, A.G. Wilberforce, Tabbi Sayed, Enas Taha Elsaid, Khaled Rahman, S.M.Atiqure Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mechanical Engineering and Design Aston University School of Engineering and Applied Science Aston Triangle BirminghamB4 7ET United Kingdom Center for Advanced Materials Research University of Sharjah PO Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Chemical Engineering Department Minia University Elminia Egypt Chemical Engineering Program Texas A& M University College StationTX United States

This investigation summarized the application of nanofluids (NFs) in heat exchangers (HExs) with different geometries. The quest for heat devices with quick response for the industrial sector is still a major challenge that has been an active research direction over the years. Addressing this issue is likely to increase the capacity of several industries. There is a direct relationship between expanding the heat capacity and the pressure drop. The common approach in increasing the rate of heat transfer often leads to an increment in pressure drop. This study reviews and summarizes the investigations on various geometrical effects inside the channel combined with NF in HExs. This review explored the potential of NFs as possible heat transfer fluid in HExs. From a detailed literature review compiled and evaluated, it has been deduced that NFs application significantly improves the thermal efficiency of HExs. The investigation further evaluated plate, helical, as well as shell and tube HExs. The review explored NFs application in HExs and how they can significantly improve the HExs' thermal characteristics. It was deduced that the use of NFs improved the heat transfer both experimentally and numerically. This equally has a direct relation to energy savings as well as industrial waste heat. © 2021 The Author(s)

关键词： Heat exchangers

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Two-dimensional charge order stabilized in clean polytype heterostructures

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sung, Suk Hyun Schnitzer, Noah Novakov, Steve El Baggari, Ismail Luo, Xiangpeng Gim, Jiseok Vu, Nguyen M. Li, Zidong Brintlinger, Todd H. Liu, Yu Lu, Wenjian Sun, Yuping Deotare, Parag B. Sun, Kai Zhao, Liuyan Kourkoutis, Lena F. Heron, John T. Hovden, Robert Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Rowland Institute at Harvard CambridgeMA02142 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Materials Science and Technology Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC20375 United States Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid State Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States

Compelling evidence suggests distinct correlated electron behavior may exist only in clean 2D materials such as 1T-TaS2. Unfortunately, experiment and theory suggest that extrinsic disorder in free standing 2D layers disrupts correlation-driven quantum behavior. Here we demonstrate a route to realizing fragile 2D quantum states through endotaxial polytype engineering of van der Waals materials. The true isolation of 2D charge density waves (CDWs) between metallic layers stabilizes commensurate long-range order and lifts the coupling between neighboring CDW layers to restore mirror symmetries via interlayer CDW twinning. The twinned-commensurate charge density wave (tC-CDW) reported herein has a single metal–insulator phase transition at ~350 K as measured structurally and electronically. Fast in-situ transmission electron microscopy and scanned nanobeam diffraction map the formation of tC-CDWs. This work introduces endotaxial polytype engineering of van der Waals materials to access latent 2D ground states distinct from conventional 2D fabrication. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Charge density waves

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Metal-enriched nanoparticles and black carbon:A perspective from the Brazil railway system air pollution

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 624-635页

作者： Bianca D.Lima Elba C.Teixeira James C.Hower Matheus S.Civeira Omar Ramírez Cheng-Xue Yang Marcos L.S.Oliveira Luis F.O.Silva Postgraduate Program in Remote Sensing and Meteorology Geosciences InstituteUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulAv.Bento Gonçalves9500Porto AlegreRS 91501–970Brazil Research Department Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luís RoesslerAv.Borges de Medeiros261Porto AlegreRS 90020–021Brazil Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky2540 Research Park DriveLexingtonKY 40511USA Postgraduate Program in Mines Metallurgy and MaterialsUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulAv.Bento Gonçalves9500Porto AlegreRS 91501–970Brazil Faculty of Engineering Environmental EngineeringUniversidad Militar Nueva GranadaKm 2 CajicáZipaquiráColombia Institute of Earth Science China University of Geosciences(Beijing)29 Xueyuan RdHaidian DistrictChina Department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la CostaCUCCalle 58#55-66BarranquillaAtlanticoColombia Universidad de Lima Departamento de Ingeniería civil y Arquitectura.Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600–Santiago de Surco 1503Peru

Having a better understanding of air pollutants in railway systems is crucial to ensure a clean public *** study measured,for the first time in Brazil,nanoparticles(NPs)and black carbon(BC)on two groundlevel platforms and inside trains of the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre(MAPA).An intense sampling campaign during thirteen consecutive months was carried out and the chemical composition of NPs was examined by advanced microscopy *** results showed that highest concentrations of the pollutants occur in colder seasons and influenced by variables such as frequency of the trains and passenger ***,internal and external sources of pollution at the stations were *** predominance of NPs enriched with metals that increase oxidative stress like Cd,Fe,Pb,Cr,Zn,Ni,V,Hg,Sn,and Ba both on the platforms and inside trains,including Fe-minerals as hematite and magnetite,represents a critical risk to the health of passengers and employees of the *** interdisciplinary and multi-analytical study aims to provide an improved understanding of reported adverse health effects induced by railway system aerosols.

关键词： Nanoparticles Potential hazardous elements Environmental chemistry Human health Railway environment Indoor air quality

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Converting hydroponic effluent into high PUFA-rich biomass by mixotrophically cultivated microalga Chlorella sp. through light regulation for sustainable production of bioingredient and bioenergy

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Journal of Environmental Chemical engineering 2025年第3期13卷

作者： Nanthakrit Sriket Antira Wichaphian Apiwit Kamngoen Jeeraporn Pekkoh Wasu Pathom-aree Yupa Chromkaew Benjamas Cheirsilp Wageeporn Maneechote Yoong Kit Leong Sirasit Srinuanpan Master of Science Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program) Department of Biology Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Department of Biology Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Microbial Biorefinery and Biochemical Process Engineering Research Group Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Program of Biotechnology Faculty of Agro-Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand Office of Research Administration Office of the University Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Tunghai University Taichung 407 Taiwan

Currently, addressing global environmental challenges—particularly the management of nutrients and resource recovery from hydroponic effluent (HE)—is crucial for promoting sustainable agriculture and fostering circularity in the pursuit of a net-zero future. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Chlorella sp. to convert HE into high-value biomass rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) under mixotrophic conditions with optimized light illumination. The results demonstrated that supplementing HE with half the concentration of commercial JM medium, and optimizing with blue light, a 16-hour light/8-hour dark photoperiod, and a light intensity of 50 µmol/m 2 /s resulted in a biomass production of 4.04 g/L, containing 16.81 % lipids and 34.04 % PUFAs. These conditions also achieved significant pollutant removal from HE, including 93.33 % nitrate reduction, 100 % ammonia removal, 99.08 % phosphate removal, and 92.68 % reduction in chemical oxygen demand. The nutritional profile of the fatty acids suggests potential applications in the functional ingredient sector, while their characteristics indicate strong potential as biodiesel feedstock, meeting international biodiesel fuel standards. Overall, this study presents an eco-friendly model for nutrient recovery from hydroponic effluent using Chlorella sp., promoting sustainable agriculture, reducing environmental impact, and contributing to bioresource innovation.

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Nonlinear contact mechanics of soft elastic spheres under extreme compression

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Journal of the mechanics and Physics of Solids 2025年 203卷

作者： Tong Mu Ruozhang Li Changhong Linghu Yanju Liu Jinsong Leng Huajian Gao K. Jimmy Hsia Centre of Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) Harbin 150080 PR China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 PR China Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) Harbin 150080 PR China Mechano-X Institute Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PR China School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore

The contact of soft elastic spheres on substrates is a fundamental problem with significant relevance to fields such as bioengineering, robotics, micro-assembly, and wearables. Accurate analytical solutions for contact behaviors under extreme compression, particularly at compression ratios (compression displacement normalized by sphere radius) exceeding 10 %, are still lacking. This study investigates the contact mechanics of an elastic sphere against a rigid substrate (i.e., the flattening problem) under large deformations, integrating theoretical analysis, finite element analysis (FEA) simulations, and experiments. A finite-deformation theory framework for the flattening problem is proposed, accounting for finite-thickness and radial expansion effects. This framework facilitates analytical solutions for contact force, contact radius, and contact pressure. Systematic analysis of the three key sources of nonlinearity—geometry, material, and contact properties—reveals that geometric nonlinearity is the primary factor causing deviations in contact forces from the Hertzian theory. Based on these insights, explicit solutions for contact force, contact radius, and contact pressure are obtained using simple linear correction functions, achieving excellent agreement with FEA results. Experimental validation with Ecoflex samples demonstrates the high accuracy of these solutions at compression ratios up to 80 %. Additionally, their applicability to cellular mechanics is validated through precise predictions of contact forces reported in the literature for various cell types at compression ratios up to 75 %. This work provides an effective approach to addressing nonlinearities in the flattening problem, enabling accurate predictions of contact behavior under extreme compression. Our findings offer valuable guidelines for contact analysis and structural design involving soft elastomers.

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Application of response surface methodology in the characterization and sensorial analysis of Anacardium humile liqueur

Food Chemistry Advances

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Food Chemistry Advances 2023年 3卷

作者： de Oliveira, Caroline Beatriz Queiroz, Betânia Branco Tiago Delalibera, Priscila Navarro, José Pérez Gómez-Alonso, Sérgio Pertuzatti, Paula Becker Graduate Program in Materials Science Institute of Exact and Earth Sciences Federal University of Mato Grosso Avenida Valdon Varjão 6390 Barra do Garças 78600-000 Brazil Graduate Program in Immunology and Basic Parasitology Federal University of Mato Grosso Avenida Valdon Varjão 6390 Barra do Garças 78600-000 Brazil Department of Food Engineering Institute of Exact and Earth Sciences Federal University of Mato Grosso Avenida Valdon Varjão 6390 Barra do Garças 78600-000 Brazil Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research Castilla-La Mancha University Ronda de Calatrava 7 Ciudad Real 13071 Spain

Anacardium humile, known as “cajuzinho-do-cerrado,” is a native Brazilian Cerrado fruit similar to the cashew but less studied, particularly its phenolic compound content and profile. This study used a factorial design to examine how A. humile concentration and maturation time affect the liqueur's physicochemical attributes, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and sensory appeal. The liqueurs exhibited low antioxidant capacities as determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity assay (DPPH), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). This is likely attributable to a reduction in phenolic compounds within the liqueurs compared to A. humile. The phenolic compound profile of A. humile showed 11 compounds, comprising 5 flavonols, 3 hydroxycinnamic acids, and 2 hydrolyzable tannins. Treatment 8 (500 g of A. humile and 17 days of maturation) showed the highest value for phenolic compound content. However, with regard to sensory analysis, this was the darkest liqueur and the least accepted test, while Treatment 5 (147.5 g of A. humile and 10 days of maturation) was one of the most accepted and chosen as the best liqueur due to the highest antioxidant capacity by FRAP and DPPH methods. The fusion of technology and factorial design proved efficacious in formulating functional liqueurs. © 2023

关键词： Antioxidant capacity Cajuzinho-do-cerrado Factorial design Phenolic compounds

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