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Hierarchical construction of higher-order exceptional points

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Zhong, Qi Kou, J. Özdemir, Ş.K. El-Ganainy, R. Department of Physics Michigan Technological University HoughtonMI49931 United States Henes Center for Quantum Phenomena Michigan Technological University HoughtonMI49931 United States Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Materials Research Institute Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States

The realization of higher-order exceptional points (HOEPs) can lead to orders of magnitude enhancement in light-matter interactions beyond the current fundamental limits. Unfortunately, implementing HOEPs in the existing schemes is a rather difficult task, due to the complexity and sensitivity to fabrication imperfections. Here we introduce a hierarchical approach for engineering photonic structures having HOEPs that are easier to build and more resilient to experimental uncertainties. We demonstrate our technique by an example that involves parity-time (PT) symmetric optical microring resonators with chiral coupling among the internal optical modes of each resonator. Interestingly, we find that the uniform coupling profile is not required to achieve HOEPs in this system — a feature that implies the emergence of HOEPs from disorder and provides resilience against some fabrication errors. Our results are confirmed by using full-wave simulations based on Maxwell’s equation in realistic optical material systems. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Maxwell equations

CEPC Technical Design Report

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2024年第1期8卷 I0003-I0016,1-1091页

作者： Waleed Abdallah Tiago Carlos Adorno de Freitas Konstantin Afanaciev Shakeel Ahmad Ijaz Ahmed Xiaocong Ai Abid Aleem Wolfgang Altmannshofer Fabio Alves Weiming An Rui An Daniele Paolo Anderle Stefan Antusch Yasuo Arai Andrej Arbuzov Abdesslam Arhrib Mustafa Ashry Sha Bai Yu Bai Yang Bai Vipul Bairathi Csaba Balazs Philip Bambade Yong Ban Tripamo Bandyopadhyay Shou-Shan Bao Desmond P.Barber Ayse Bat Varvara Batozskaya Subash Chandra Behera Alexander Belyaev Michele Bertucci Xiao-Jun Bi Yuanjie Bi Tianjian Bian Fabrizio Bianchi Thomas Biekotter Michela Biglietti Shalva Bilanishvili Deng Binglin Denis Bodrov Anton Bogomyagkov Serge Bondarenko Stewart Boogert Maarten Boonekamp Marcello Borri Angelo Bosotti Vincent Boudry Mohammed Boukidi Igor Boyko Ivanka Bozovic Giuseppe Bozzi Jean-Claude Brient Anastasiia Budzinskaya Masroor Bukhari Vladimir Bytev Giacomo Cacciapaglia Hua Cai Wenyong Cai Wujun Cai Yijian Cai Yizhou Cai Yuchen Cai Haiying Cai Huacheng Cai Lorenzo Calibbi Junsong Cang Guofu Cao Jianshe Cao Antoine Chance Xuejun Chang Yue Chang Zhe Chang Xinyuan Chang Wei Chao Auttakit Chatrabhuti Yimin Che Yuzhi Che Bin Chen Danping Chen Fuqing Chen Fusan Chen Gang Chen Guoming Chen Hua-Xing Chen Huirun Chen Jinhui Chen Ji-Yuan Chen Kai Chen Mali Chen Mingjun Chen Mingshui Chen Ning Chen Shanhong Chen Shanzhen Chen Shao-Long Chen Shaomin Chen Shiqiang Chen Tianlu Chen Wei Chen Xiang Chen Xiaoyu Chen Xin Chen Xun Chen Xurong Chen Ye Chen Ying Chen Yukai Chen Zelin Chen Zilin Chen Gang Chen Boping Chen Chunhui Chen Hok Chuen Cheng Huajie Cheng Shan Cheng Tongguang Cheng Yunlong Chi Pietro Chimenti Wen Han Chiu Guk Cho Ming-Chung Chu Xiaotong Chu Ziliang Chu Guglielmo Coloretti Andreas Crivellin Hanhua Cui Xiaohao Cui Zhaoyuan Cui Brunella D'Anzi Ling-Yun Dai Xinchen Dai Xuwen Dai Antonio De Maria Nicola De Filippis Christophe De La Taille Francesca De Mori Chiara De Sio Elisa Del Core Shuangxue Deng Wei-Tian Deng Zhi Deng Ziyan Deng Bhupal Dev Tang Dewen Biagio Di Micco Ran Ding Siqin Dingl Yadong Ding Haiyi Dong Jianin AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer ScienceKrakow Anhui University HefeiAnhui Applied Physics Department Federal Urdu University of ArtsScience and TechnologyIslamabad Banaras Hindu University Institute of ScienceVaranasi Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University Bandirma Beihang University Beijing Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing Beijing Conveyi LTD Beijing Beijing Glass Research Institute Co. LtdBeijing Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Beijing Normal University Beijing Brown University ProvidenceRI Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk Cadi Ayyad University Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied PhysicsPolydisciplinary FacultyMarrakech Cairo University Giza Center for Theory and Computation National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu Central China Normal University WuhanHubei Central South University ChangshaHunan Centro de Fisica Teorica de Particulas Universidade Tecnica de LisboaLisboa Chengdu KaitengSifang Digital Radio&TV Equipment Co. LtdChengduSichuan China academy of engineering physics MianyangSichuan China building materials academy Beijing China Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing China Jiliang University HangzhouZhejiang China Nuclear Instrument CO. LTDBeijing China University of Geosciences Beijing China University of Geosciences WuhanHubei China University of Mining and Technology XuzhouJiangsu China West Normal University NanchongSichuan Chongqing University Department of PhysicsChongqing Chulalongkorn University Bangkok City University of Hong Kong Department of PhysicsHong Kong Cockcroft Institute Daresbury Cornell University IthacaNY CPPM(AMU/IPhU&CNRS/INP) Marseille Dalian Minzu University DalianLiaoning Dalian University of Technology Department of PhysicsDalian Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(DLNP JINR) Dubna East China University Of Science And Technol

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international *** complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs *** its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs *** the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of *** Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering ***,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection *** is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 *** commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

关键词： initiated exceeding precise

Nanoscale probing of image-potential states and electron transfer doping in borophene polymorphs

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Liu, Xiaolong Wang, Luqing Yakobson, Boris I. Hersam, Mark C. Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Using field-emission resonance spectroscopy with an ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope, we reveal Stark-shifted image-potential states of the v1/6 and v1/5 borophene polymorphs on Ag(111) with long lifetimes, suggesting high borophene lattice and interface quality. These image-potential states allow the local work function and interfacial charge transfer of borophene to be probed at the nanoscale and test the widely employed self-doping model of borophene. Supported by apparent barrier height measurements and density functional theory calculations, electron transfer doping occurs for both borophene phases from the Ag(111) substrate. In contradiction with the self-doping model, a higher electron transfer doping level occurs for denser v1/6 borophene compared to v1/5 borophene, thus revealing the importance of substrate effects on borophene electron transfer. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electron transitions

Contact network changes in ordered and disordered disk packings

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Tuckman, Philip J. VanderWerf, Kyle Yuan, Ye Zhang, Shiyun Zhang, Jerry Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Physics Yale University Department of Applied New HavenCT06520 United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

We investigate the mechanical response of packings of purely repulsive, frictionless disks to quasistatic deformations. The deformations include simple shear strain at constant packing fraction and at constant pressure, "polydispersity" strain (in which we change the particle size distribution) at constant packing fraction and at constant pressure, and isotropic compression. For each deformation, we show that there are two classes of changes in the interparticle contact networks: jump changes and point changes. Jump changes occur when a contact network becomes mechanically unstable, particles "rearrange", and the potential energy (when the strain is applied at constant packing fraction) or enthalpy (when the strain is applied at constant pressure) and all derivatives are discontinuous. During point changes, a single contact is either added to or removed from the contact network. For repulsive linear spring interactions, second- and higher-order derivatives of the potential energy/enthalpy are discontinuous at a point change, while for Hertzian interactions, third- and higher-order derivatives of the potential energy/enthalpy are discontinuous. We illustrate the importance of point changes by studying the transition from a hexagonal crystal to a disordered crystal induced by applying polydispersity strain. During this transition, the system only undergoes point changes, with no jump changes. We emphasize that one must understand point changes, as well as jump changes, to predict the mechanical properties of jammed packings. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Potential energy

Analytical techniques for detection of oil presence in mortar 22nd

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Analytical techniques for detection of oil presence in morta...

22nd International Conference on Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Buildings, CRRB 2020

作者： Bauerová, Pavla Reiterman, Pavel Mácová, Petra Slížková, Zuzana Havelcová, Martina Mahun, Andrii Švarcová, Silvie Keppert, Martin University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings Czech Technical University in Prague Třinecká 1024 Buštěhrad273 43 Czech Republic Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry Faculty of Civil Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Thákurova 7 Praha 6166 29 Czech Republic Experimental Centre Faculty of Civil Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Thákurova 7 Praha 6166 29 Czech Republic Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prosecká 809/76 Praha 9190 00 Czech Republic Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences V Holešovičkách 94/41 Praha 8182 09 Czech Republic Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského nám. 2 Praha 6162 06 Czech Republic Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Hlavova 8 Praha 2128 40 Czech Republic Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences 250 68 Husinec-Řež1001 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9783035718102

Oils, e.g. linseed oil, has been used as mortar admixtures or components of lime-oil mastic since ancient times. The reason was either to increase the mortar durability and/or to prolong the mortar/mastic workability. Historic mortars are conventionally analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis, but these methods are not able to detect the organic compounds directly. The goal of the present research was to evaluate the applicability of thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, solid state NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography for detection and possible quantification of linseed oil in prepared mortar containing, beyond the oil, just lime and calcite. Both applied spectroscopies were able not only detect the presence of oil but may be used also for study of the oil chemical transformation in the alkaline environment of the lime mortar. Thermal analysis is not able to identify kind of organic admixture, but when it is known that it is e.g. linseed oil, its quantification by help of Evolved Gas Analysis is very good. The results of gas chromatography of mortar’s extract are affected by the polymerization of oil in mortar. The total organic content analysis is providing good information about the total amount of organics in mortar. There in not any single method, which could provide all information about the oil admixture in mortar (kind of oil, content of oil, fate of oil after mortar’s mixing) by itself;the combination of techniques must be used. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Mortar

Sensing the local magnetic environment through optically active defects in a layered magnetic semiconductor

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Klein, Julian Song, Zhigang Pingault, Benjamin Dirnberger, Florian Chi, Hang Curtis, Jonathan B. Dana, Rami Bushati, Rezlind Quan, Jiamin Dekanovsky, Lukas Sofer, Zdenek Alù, Andrea Menon, Vinod M. Moodera, Jagadeesh S. Lončar, Marko Narang, Prineha Ross, Frances M. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA United States College of Letters and Sciences UCLA Los AngelesCA90095 United States QuTech Delft University of Technology Delft2600 GA Netherlands Department of Physics City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory Plasma Science and Fusion Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory AdelphiMD20783 United States Department of Physics The Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Photonics Initiative CUNY Advanced Science Research Center New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Electrical Engineering City College of the City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10026 United States Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 Prague 6166 28 Czech Republic Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Atomic-level defects in van der Waals (vdW) materials are essential building blocks for quantum technologies and quantum sensing applications. The layered magnetic semiconductor CrSBr is an outstanding candidate for exploring optically active defects owing to a direct gap in addition to a rich magnetic phase diagram including a recently hypothesized defect-induced magnetic order at low temperature. Here, we show optically active defects in CrSBr that are probes of the local magnetic environment. We observe spectrally narrow (1 meV) defect emission in CrSBr that is correlated with both the bulk magnetic order and an additional low temperature defect-induced magnetic order. We elucidate the origin of this magnetic order in the context of local and non-local exchange coupling effects. Our work establishes vdW magnets like CrSBr as an exceptional platform to optically study defects that are correlated with the magnetic lattice. We anticipate that controlled defect creation allows for tailor-made complex magnetic textures and phases with the unique ingredient of direct optical access. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic semiconductors

Validating first-principles molecular dynamics calculations of oxide/water interfaces with x-ray reflectivity data

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Physical Review materials 2020年第11期4卷 113805-113805页

作者： Katherine J. Harmon Kendra Letchworth-Weaver Alex P. Gaiduk Federico Giberti Francois Gygi Maria K. Y. Chan Paul Fenter Giulia Galli Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy James Madison University Harrisonburg Virginia 22807 USA Department of Computer Science University of California Davis California 95616 USA Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA Department of Chemistry University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA

Metal oxide/water interfaces play a crucial role in many electrochemical and photocatalytic processes, such as photoelectrochemical water splitting, the creation of fuel from sunlight, and electrochemical CO2 reduction. First-principles electronic structure calculations can reveal unique insights into these processes, such as the role of the alignment of the oxide electronic energy levels with those of liquid water. An essential prerequisite for the success of such calculations is the ability to predict accurate structural models of these interfaces, which in turn requires careful experimental validation. Here we report a general, quantitative validation protocol for first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of oxide/aqueous interfaces. The approach makes direct comparisons of interfacial x-ray reflectivity (XR) signals from experimental measurements and those obtained from ab initio simulations with semilocal and van der Waals functionals. The protocol is demonstrated here for the case of the Al2O3(001)/water interface, one of the simplest oxide/water interfaces. We discuss the technical requirements needed for validation, including the choice of the density functional, the simulation cell size, and the optimal choice of the thermodynamic ensemble. Our results establish a general paradigm for the validation of structural models and interactions at solid/water interfaces derived from first-principles simulations. While there is qualitative agreement between the simulated structures and the experimental best-fit structure, direct comparisons of simulated and measured XR intensities show quantitative discrepancies that derive from both bulk regions (i.e., alumina and water) as well as the interfacial region, highlighting the need for accurate density functionals to properly describe interfacial interactions. Our results show that XR data are sensitive not only to the atomic structure (i.e., the atom locations) but also to the electron-density distributions in bo

关键词： First-principles calculations Surface & interfacial phenomena Liquid-solid interfaces Electronic structure X-ray reflectivity

Introduction to the Ronchigram and its Calculation with ***

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Microscopy Today 2019年第3期27卷 12-15页

作者： Schnitzer, Noah Sung, Suk Hyun Hovden, Robert Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109

This article introduces an intuitive understanding of electron Ronchigrams and how they are affected by aberrations. This is accomplished through a portable web application,http://***. The history of the Ronchigram, the physics which define it, and its visual features are reviewed in the context of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy.

关键词： Ronchigram scanning transmission electron microscopy aberration correction image simulation software

Direct visualization of ultrafast lattice ordering triggered by an electron-hole plasma in 2D perovskites

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Hao Li, Wenbin Essman, Joseph Quarti, Claudio Metcalf, Isaac Chiang, Wei-Yi Sidhik, Siraj Hou, Jin Fehr, Austin Attar, Andrew Lin, Ming-Fu Britz, Alexander Shen, Xiaozhe Link, Stephan Wang, Xijie Bergmann, Uwe Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Katan, Claudine Even, Jacky Blancon, Jean-Christophe Mohite, Aditya D. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States UMR 6226 RennesF-35000 France Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials Department of Chemistry University of Mons Place du Parc 20 Mons7000 Belgium Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States PULSE Institute SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States UMR 6082 CNRS INSA de Rennes Rennes35708 France

Direct visualization of ultrafast coupling between charge carriers and lattice degrees of freedom in photo-excited semiconductors has remained a long-standing challenge and is critical for understanding the light-induced physical behavior of materials under extreme non-equilibrium conditions. Here, by monitoring the evolution of the wave-vector resolved ultrafast electron diffraction intensity following above-bandgap photo-excitation, we obtain a direct visual of the structural dynamics in monocrystalline 2D perovskites. Analysis reveals a surprising, light-induced ultrafast lattice ordering resulting from a strong interaction between hot-carriers and the perovskite lattice, which induces an in-plane octahedra rotation, towards a more symmetric phase. Correlated ultrafast spectroscopy performed at the same carrier density as ultrafast electron diffraction reveals that the creation of a hot and dense electron-hole plasma triggers lattice ordering at short timescales by modulating the crystal cohesive energy. Finally, we show that the interaction between the carrier gas and the lattice can be altered by tailoring the rigidity of the 2D perovskite by choosing the appropriate organic spacer layer. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Perovskite