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Mid-infrared dielectric response of Fermi-degenerate electron-hole droplets in diamond

Physical Review B 2022年第23期106卷 235205-235205页

作者： J. Omachi N. Naka K. Yoshioka M. Kuwata-Gonokami Department of Applied Physics School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Photon Science Center School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi-shi Saitama 332-0012 Japan Department of Physics Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Department of Physics School of Science The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan

Exploring the properties of a highly quantum-degenerate electron-hole (e-h) state as a many-body system is an interesting problem in solid-state physics. Electron-hole droplets (EHDs) offer a potential platform for investigating such a state of Fermi-degenerate carriers at an extremely high density. Herein we present dielectric response measurements of carriers in the mid-infrared (MIR) region for a definitive evaluation of the dynamic properties of the e-h state of EHDs in diamond. With photoexcitation across the band-gap energy by using the two-photon absorption process, we performed time-resolved differential transmission spectroscopy by using MIR probe light and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy in the deep-ultraviolet region. By linking the two temporal profiles, we overcame the problem of previous ambiguous PL analyses and elucidated the MIR dielectric response that reveals the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of EHDs and the effect of the e-h Coulomb interaction on the dynamic dielectric response. Thus, we found that the carrier density inside EHDs remained constant at 8×1019cm−3 up to 2 ns, whereas a decay time of 1 ns of the condensed volume was found and the AC conductivity relaxation rate of 2×1014s−1 maintained during this nanosecond timescale was the highest among group-IV semiconductors. We predicted a strong dependence of the e-h scattering rate on the probe frequency in the high-frequency region in which SPR appeared, suggesting that—when probed in the low-frequency region—dynamical relaxation does not interfere with the order formation expected in quantum-degenerate e-h systems at ultralow temperatures.

关键词： Carrier dynamics Dielectric properties Excitons Time-resolved photoluminescence Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy

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Functional production of human antibody by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae

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Fungal Biology and Biotechnology 2020年第1期7卷 7页

作者： Huynh, Hung Hiep Morita, Naoki Sakamoto, Toshihiro Katayama, Takuya Miyakawa, Takuya Tanokura, Masaru Chiba, Yasunori Shinkura, Reiko Maruyama, Jun-Ichi Department of Biotechnology University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control Institute for Quantitative Biosciences University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Applied Biological Chemistry University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Tokyo Japan

Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as biopharmaceuticals take a pivotal role in the current therapeutic applications. Generally mammalian cell lines, such as those derived from Chinese hamster ovaries (CHO), are used to produce the recombinant antibody. However, there are still concerns about the high cost and the risk of pathogenic contamination when using mammalian cells. Aspergillus oryzae, a filamentous fungus recognized as a GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) organism, has an ability to secrete a large amount of proteins into the culture supernatant, and thus the fungus has been used as one of the cost-effective microbial hosts for heterologous protein production. Pursuing this strategy the human anti-TNFα antibody adalimumab, one of the world's best-selling antibodies for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, was chosen to produce the full length of mAbs by A. oryzae. Generally, N-glycosylation of the antibody affects immune effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) via binding to the Fc receptor (FcγR) on immune cells. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to first delete the Aooch1 gene encoding a key enzyme for the hyper-mannosylation process in fungi to investigate the binding ability of antibody with FcγRIIIa. Results: Adalimumab was expressed in A. oryzae by the fusion protein system with α-amylase AmyB. The full-length adalimumab consisting of two heavy and two light chains was successfully produced in the culture supernatants. Among the producing strains, the highest amount of antibody was obtained from the ten-protease deletion strain (39.7 mg/L). Two-step purifications by Protein A and size-exclusion chromatography were applied to obtain the high purity sample for further analysis. The antigen-binding and TNFα neutralizing activities of the adalimumab produced by A. oryzae were comparable with those of a commercial product Humira^®. No apparent binding wit

关键词： Antibody Aspergillus oryzae Fc receptor N-linked glycan Neutralization

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The repertoire of mutational signatures in human cancer (vol 578, pg 94, 2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E41-E41页

作者： Alexandrov, Ludmil B. Kim, Jaegil Haradhvala, Nicholas J. Huang, Mi Ni Ng, Alvin Wei Tian Wu, Yang Boot, Arnoud Covington, Kyle R. Gordenin, Dmitry A. Bergstrom, Erik N. Islam, S. M. Ashiqul Lopez-Bigas, Nuria Klimczak, Leszek J. McPherson, John R. Morganella, Sandro Sabarinathan, Radhakrishnan Wheeler, David A. Mustonen, Ville Getz, Gad Rozen, Steven G. Stratton, Michael R. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department of Bioengineering Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego CA USA Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center San Diego CA USA University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan Computational Biology Program Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto ON Canada Programme in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Centre for Computational Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Centre for Computational Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine National Heart Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Singapore Singapore Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome Division of Medical Science National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Human Genome Sequencing Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory National Ins

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The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers (vol 578, pg 122, 2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E42-E42页

作者： Gerstung, Moritz Jolly, Clemency Leshchiner, Ignaty Dentro, Stefan C. Gonzalez, Santiago Rosebrock, Daniel Mitchell, Thomas J. Rubanova, Yulia Anur, Pavana Yu, Kaixian Tarabichi, Maxime Deshwar, Amit Wintersinger, Jeff Kleinheinz, Kortine Vazquez-Garcia, Ignacio Haase, Kerstin Jerman, Lara Sengupta, Subhajit Macintyre, Geoff Malikic, Salem Donmez, Nilgun Livitz, Dimitri G. Cmero, Marek Demeulemeester, Jonas Schumacher, Steven Fan, Yu Yao, Xiaotong Lee, Juhee Schlesner, Matthias Boutros, Paul C. Bowtell, David D. Zhu, Hongtu Getz, Gad Imielinski, Marcin Beroukhim, Rameen Sahinalp, S. Cenk Ji, Yuan Peifer, Martin Markowetz, Florian Mustonen, Ville Yuan, Ke Wang, Wenyi Morris, Quaid D. Spellman, Paul T. Wedge, David C. Van Loo, Peter European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Cambridge UK European Molecular Biology Laboratory Genome Biology Unit Heidelberg Germany Wellcome Sanger Institute Cambridge UK Genome Biology Unit European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg Germany University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia The Francis Crick Institute London UK Big Data Institute University of Oxford Oxford UK Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK Big Data Institute Li Ka Shing Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics Centre for Mathematical Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Department of Statistics Columbia University New York NY USA Department of Haematology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA USA Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Vector Institute Toronto Ontario Canada Vector Institute Toronto ON Canada Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto Ontario Canada University of California Los Angeles

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Patterns of somatic structural variation in human cancer genomes (vol 578, pg 112, 2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E38-E38页

作者： Li, Yilong Roberts, Nicola D. Wala, Jeremiah A. Shapira, Ofer Schumacher, Steven E. Kumar, Kiran Khurana, Ekta Waszak, Sebastian Korbel, Jan O. Haber, James E. Imielinski, Marcin Weischenfeldt, Joachim Beroukhim, Rameen Campbell, Peter J. Cancer Genome Project Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton UK Totient Inc Cambridge MA USA Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK Department of Haematology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon South Korea Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO) University of Vigo Vigo Spain Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology (CiMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO) Universidade de Vigo Vigo Spain The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research Charlestown MA USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Controlled Department and Institution New York NY USA Englander Institute for Precision Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine Ne

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Genomic basis for RNA alterations in cancer (vol 578, pg 129, 2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E37-E37页

作者： Calabrese, Claudia Davidson, Natalie R. Demircioglu, Deniz Fonseca, Nuno A. He, Yao Lehmann, Kjong-Van Liu, Fenglin Shiraishi, Yuichi Soulette, Cameron M. Urban, Lara Greger, Liliana Li, Siliang Liu, Dongbing Perry, Marc D. Xiang, Qian Zhang, Fan Zhang, Junjun Bailey, Peter Erkek, Serap Hoadley, Katherine A. Hou, Yong Huska, Matthew R. Kilpinen, Helena Korbel, Jan O. Marin, Maximillian G. Markowski, Julia Nandi, Tannistha Pan-Hammarstrom, Qiang Pedamallu, Chandra Sekhar Siebert, Reiner Stark, Stefan G. Su, Hong Tan, Patrick Waszak, Sebastian M. Yung, Christina Zhu, Shida Awadalla, Philip Creighton, Chad J. Meyerson, Matthew Ouellette, B. F. Francis Wu, Kui Yang, Huanming Brazma, Alvis Brooks, Angela N. Goke, Jonathan Ratsch, Gunnar Schwarz, Roland F. Stegle, Oliver Zhang, Zemin European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute Hinxton UK European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Cambridge UK Genome Biology Unit European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg Germany CIBIO/InBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Berlin Germany German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner site Berlin Berlin Germany European Molecular Biology Laboratory Genome Biology Unit Heidelberg Germany Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Lausanne Switzerland University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland Computational Biology Center Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Department of Biology ETH Zurich Zürich Switzerland Department of Computer Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Korea University Seoul South Korea Computational and Systems Biology Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Controlled Department and Institution New York NY USA Englander Institute for Precision Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore Computational and Systems Biology Genome Institute of Singap

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Quantifying antiviral activity optimizes drug combinations against hepatitis C virus infection (vol 114, pg 1922, 2017)

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF scienceS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2017年第12期114卷 E2540-E2541页

作者： Koizumi, Yoshiki Ohashi, Hirofumi Nakajima, Syo Tanaka, Yasuhito Wakita, Takaji Perelson, Alan S. Iwami, Shingo Watashi, Koichi [a]School of Medicine College of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Kanazawa University Ishikawa 920-8640 Japan [b]Department of Virology II National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo 162-8640 Japan [c]Department of Applied Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Sciences Chiba 278-8510 Japan [d]Department of Virology and Liver Unit Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicinal Sciences Nagoya 467-8601 Japan [e]Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 [f]Mathematical Biology Laboratory Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka 812-8581 Japan [g]Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama 332-0012 Japan [h]Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama 332-0012 Japan

With the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), treatment against hepatitis C virus (HCV) has significantly improved. To manage and control this worldwide infectious disease better, the “best” multidrug treatment is demanded based on scientific evidence. However, there is no method available that systematically quantifies and compares the antiviral efficacy and drug-resistance profiles of drug combinations. Based on experimental anti-HCV profiles in a cell culture system, we quantified the instantaneous inhibitory potential (IIP), which is the logarithm of the reduction in viral replication events, for both single drugs and multiple-drug combinations. From the calculated IIP of 15 anti-HCV drugs from different classes [telaprevir, danoprevir, asunaprevir, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (SOF), VX-222, dasabuvir, nesbuvir, tegobuvir, daclatasvir, ledipasvir, IFN-α, IFN-λ1, cyclosporin A, and SCY-635], we found that the nucleoside polymerase inhibitor SOF had one of the largest potentials to inhibit viral replication events. We also compared intrinsic antiviral activities of a panel of drug combinations. Our quantification analysis clearly indicated an advantage of triple-DAA treatments over double-DAA treatments, with triple-DAA treatments showing enhanced antiviral activity and a significantly lower probability for drug resistance to emerge at clinically relevant drug concentrations. Our framework provides quantitative information to consider in designing multidrug strategies before costly clinical trials.

关键词： HCV antiviral mathematical model replicon instantaneous inhibitory potential

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High‐Resolution Electrochemical Mapping of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets

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Angewandte Chemie 2019年第9期132卷

作者： Yasufumi Takahashi Yu Kobayashi Ziqian Wang Yoshikazu Ito Masato Ota Hiroki Ida Akichika Kumatani Keisuke Miyazawa Takeshi Fujita Hitoshi Shiku Yuri E. Korchev Yasumitsu Miyata Takeshi Fukuma Mingwei Chen Tomokazu Matsue WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI WPI) Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST) Saitama 332-0012 Japan Department of Physics Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA Institute of Applied Physics Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6-6-11-604 Aramaki Aoba Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR) Tohoku University 2-1-1-509 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan School of Environmental Science and Engineering Kochi University of Technology Kochi 782-8502 Japan Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan Department of Medicine Imperial College London London W12 0NN UK Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST) Saitama 332-0012 Japan

High‐resolution scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is used to image and quantitatively analyze the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytically active sites of 1H‐MoS 2 nanosheets, MoS 2 , and WS 2 heteronanosheets. Using a 20 nm radius nanopipette and hopping mode scanning, the resolution of SECCM was beyond the optical microscopy limit and visualized a small triangular MoS 2 nanosheet with a side length of ca. 130 nm. The electrochemical cell provides local cyclic voltammograms with a nanoscale spatial resolution for visualizing HER active sites as electrochemical images. The HER activity difference of edge, terrace, and heterojunction of MoS 2 and WS 2 were revealed. The SECCM imaging directly visualized the relationship of HER activity and number of MoS 2 nanosheet layers and unveiled the heterogeneous aging state of MoS 2 nanosheets. SECCM can be used for improving local HER activities by producing sulfur vacancies using electrochemical reaction at the selected region.

关键词： Elektrochemie Wasserstoffentwicklung MoS2 Elektrochemische Rastermikroskopie

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Development of a core-shell nanostructured photoanode for efficient water splitting for a light driven μ-fuel generation device 19

Development of a core-shell nanostructured photoanode for ef...

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19th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences, MicroTAS 2015

作者： Pihosh, Y. Uemura, J. Mawatari, K. Kitamori, T. University of Tokyo Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering Japan Japan Science and Technology Agency Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780979806483

In this work we report on the development and realization of a nanostructured heterojunction photoanode that is based on an extremely thin absorber layer for effective separation and transfer of photo-induced charge carriers to enhance the water splitting process. We demonstrate this concept on a WO3/BiVO4+CoPi core-shell nanostructure, which was realized with the combination of Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) and Electrochemical Deposition (ED) techniques, and report a record of a generated photocurrent that is close to 90% of the theoretical maximum value with further possible practical application in a μ-fuel generation device. © 15CBMS-0001.

关键词： Heterojunctions

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Development and Realization of a Solar Light Driven μ-Fuel Cell Device on a Microfluidic Chip Platform 19

Development and Realization of a Solar Light Driven μ-Fuel ...

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19th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences, MicroTAS 2015

ISBN: (纸本)9780979806483

In this work, we report on the development and realization of a totally integrated solar light driven μ-fuel cell (μ-FC) device integrated on a microfluidic chip platform. We developed a new type of a core-shell nanostructured heterojunction WO3/BiVO4 photoanode for efficient fuel production under solar light illumination and successfully integrated it into the light driven μ-FC device with the help of top down and bottom up technological processes. We describe the device concept, explain its main functional units which are based on the specific properties of micro/nano fluidics and finally demonstrate its working principle under solar light illumination. © 15CBMS-0001.

关键词： Microfluidics

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