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Analysis and Preliminary Results of a Feedback-Feedforward controller for Depth of Anesthesia

IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第7期58卷 216-221页

作者： Erwin Hegedus Marcian D. Mihai Isabela R. Birs Hamed Farbakhsh Erhan Yumuk Dana Copot Eva H. Dulf Robain De Keyser Clara M. Ionescu Cristina I. Muresan Department of Automation Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Memorandumului Street no. 28 400114 Cluj-Napoca Romania Ghent University Department of Electromechanics Systems and Metal Engineering Research Group on Dynamical Systems and Control Tech Lane Science Park 125 Zwijnaarde 9052 Belgium Istanbul Technical University Department of Control and Automation Engineering Istanbul Turkey

In a computer-based anaesthesia control system, the depth of hypnosis must be correctly maintained. The regulated variable is the Bispectral Index scale (BIS) controlled via the Propofol drug rate. The anesthesiologist administers Propofol to prevent unwanted fluctuations in the controlled variable during surgical stimulation, which acts as an unmeasurable disturbance on the BIS signal. In this paper, a feedback controller is paired with a feedforward control action. Based on existing clinical protocols, a digitalized disturbance signal that mimics the actual surgical stimulus is employed in the feedforward controller design as a measurable disturbance. To account for the time delay in the BIS measurements, a time delay estimation algorithm is developed and used to estimate the patient time delay. The digitalized disturbance signal is then shifted based on the estimated time delay to ensure a pre-emptive action of the feedforward controller. Two different designs of the feedforward controller are developed. Closed loop simulations considering a nominal patient with and without the feedforward control action are presented and compared. The results show that the surgical stimulus is better tackled using a feedforward control action, even if the actual surgical stimulus is not entirely known.

关键词： feedforward control fractional order control depth of hypnosis time delay estimation closed loop control of anesthesia

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Signal Adaptation in Complex Dynamic systems

Signal Adaptation in Complex Dynamic Systems

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International Conference on control systems, Mathematical Modelling, automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA)

作者： Semen Podvalny Eugeny Vasiljev Department of Automated and Computing Systems Voronezh State Technical University Voronezh Russia Department of Electric Drive Automation and Control in Technical Systems Voronezh State Technical University Voronezh Russia

ISBN: (数字)9798331532178

ISBN: (纸本)9798331532185

The problem of applying signal adaptation methods in complex systems with high dynamic order is established. It is noted that the main obstacle to constructing such systems is a small margin of their stability, which does not allow implementing the required level of system adaptation to changes in object parameters. To overcome this obstacle, it is proposed to form the general structure of the system based on the evolutionary principle of dividing its functions between different subsystems. It is demonstrated that in practical problems with a high level of generality, it is sufficient to limit ourselves to subsystems of adaptation to non-stationary parameters of the object; ensuring the stability of the signal adaptation loop; ensuring the monotonic nature of the transient process and the specified control time, and the subsystem of ensuring the required control error in the steady state. The content of the synthesis procedures for the listed subsystems is disclosed. Attention is paid to the issues of choosing the type of the reference model, calculating the feedback coefficient and the correcting link in the adaptation loop, as well as implementing astatism in the system. The problem of ambiguity of constructing the correcting link is considered, and a method for resolving this ambiguity using mathematical programming methods is proposed. An example of constructing a system with signal adaptation is presented, illustrating the performance of the proposed approach to the synthesis of such systems.

关键词： Adaptation models Stability criteria Process control control systems Mathematical models Steady-state Transient analysis Dynamical systems Signal resolution Mathematical programming

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State-Space Model of Spatially Distributed Flow Heating with Time-Varying Parameters

State-Space Model of Spatially Distributed Flow Heating with...

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International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufacturing (ICIEAM)

作者： Ivan Danilushkin Department of Automation and Control in Technical Systems Samara State Technical University Samara Russian Federation

The paper proposes a methodology for creating a dynamic model of a flow heater with time-varying flow rate and heat transfer coefficient. The first-order hyperbolic equation is used as the mathematical description of the heating process. The numerical model of the heating process is obtained using the spectral method of analysis and synthesis of distributed systems. The orthonormal function basis is used for the transition to the state space. A method for the consideration of non-zero boundary conditions is proposed. The state-space model of the flow heater is obtained and its implementation in Simulink using the MATLAB S-Function block is proposed. The results of the study of the obtained model are presented in the article. The dynamic behavior of the model is compared with the analytical solution of the hyperbolic equation. The dependence of the model accuracy on the dimensionality of the state vector is investigated.

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Application of a Modified Multiparametric PID controller for control of an Electrohydraulic Servo System

Application of a Modified Multiparametric PID Controller for...

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Automatics and Informatics (ICAI), International Conference

作者： Stanimir Yordanov Georgi Mihalev Krasimir Ormandzhiev Stefan Ivanov Department of Automation Information and Control Systems Technical University of Gabrovo Gabrovo Bulgaria Department of Power Engineering Technical University of Gabrovo Gabrovo Bulgaria

ISBN: (数字)9798350353907

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353914

The paper proposes a switching multiparametric control for an electrohydraulic servo system with throttle regulation. The architecture of a MISO (Multiple Input Single Output) control is considered, consisting of a conventional PID controller operating in the deviation control channel and a fuzzy PID controller operating in the disturbance channel. The main issues arising from the use of this type of control are discussed, and an analysis of the stability of the closed-loop system is conducted. Graphic results for the control quality of the designed system are obtained using a universal measurement and control module. The advantages of this type of control and the manifestation of additional robust qualities of the system are experimentally demonstrated.

关键词： Process control Switches Stability analysis Regulation Real-time systems Electrohydraulics Servomotors Transient analysis Tuning Thermal stability

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Switching Multi-regulator control of Electro-Hydraulic Servo System

Switching Multi-regulator Control of Electro-Hydraulic Servo...

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Automatics and Informatics (ICAI), International Conference

作者： Georgi Mihalev Stanimir Yordanov Krasimir Ormandzhiev Department of Automation Information and Control Systems Technical University of Gabrovo Gabrovo Bulgaria Department of Power Engineering Technical University of Gabrovo Gabrovo Bulgaria

ISBN: (数字)9798350353907

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353914

The paper proposes a switching multi-regulator control for an electro-hydraulic servo system with throttle regulation. The architecture of the multi-regulator control, composed of three conventional regulators (PID 1 , PI 2 , PI 3 ) for different regions of the setpoint signal variation and switching logic, is discussed. The main issues arising from the use of such control are considered, and an analysis of the stability of the closed-loop system is conducted. Some mathematical formulas and descriptions are presented. Using a universal measurement and control module, graphical results for the quality of the designed control are obtained. The advantages of this type of control and the emergence of additional robust qualities of the system are experimentally proven.

关键词： technical requirements System dynamics Stability criteria Switches Real-time systems Time factors Electrohydraulics Closed loop systems Servomotors Transient analysis

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Algorithm for compiling an examination timetabling at a higher education institutions

Algorithm for compiling an examination timetabling at a high...

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International Conference on Computing and Networking Technology (ICCNT)

作者： Fatme Rashidova Aldeniz Rashidov Department of Automation Information and Control Systems Technical University of Gabrovo Gabrovo Bulgaria

Developing an automated examination timetabling (ET) in a higher education institution is a complex multi-criteria task. To automate this process, it is first necessary to create an algorithm for compiling the ET. When compiling a ET in a higher education institution, the organization of studies in the institution itself must be considered. In this paper, a flowchart of an algorithm for compiling an automated ET in a higher education institution is presented. Automating the process of ET compilation, based on this algorithm, will lead to a higher quality of training. If all the requirements and constraints of ET compilation are met, then one can also argue for satisfaction with ET compilation. In addition to this, finding optimal solutions in composing ET in the future can lead to a higher quality of composing ET, an increase in the quality of learning and to a higher satisfaction of the main agents (students and teachers).

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Capturing Aerodynamic Characteristics of ATTAS Aircraft with Evolving Intelligent System

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Soylu, Aydoğan Kumbasar, Tufan Control and Automation Engineering Department Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey AI and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey

Accurate modeling of aerodynamic coefficients is crucial for understanding and optimizing the performance of modern aircraft systems. This paper presents the novel deployment of an Evolving Type-2 Quantum Fuzzy Neural Network (eT2QFNN) for modeling the aerodynamic coefficients of the ATTAS aircraft to express the aerodynamic characteristics. eT2QFNN can represent the nonlinear aircraft model by creating multiple linear submodels with its rule-based structure through an incremental learning strategy rather than a traditional batch learning approach. Moreover, it enhances robustness to uncertainties and data noise through its quantum membership functions, as well as its automatic rule-learning and parameter-tuning capabilities. During the estimation of the aerodynamic coefficients via the flight data of the ATTAS, two different studies are conducted in the training phase: one with a large amount of data and the other with a limited amount of data. The results show that the modeling performance of the eT2QFNN is superior in comparison to baseline counterparts. Furthermore, eT2QFNN estimated the aerodynamic model with fewer rules compared to Type-1 fuzzy counterparts. In addition, by applying the Delta method to the proposed approach, the stability and control derivatives of the aircraft are analyzed. The results prove the superiority of the proposed eT2QFNN in representing aerodynamic coefficients. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Fuzzy rules

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E-Voting System in a Higher Education Institution

E-Voting System in a Higher Education Institution

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Computing (ICOCO), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Aldeniz Rashidov Department of Automation information and control systems Technical University of Gabrovo Gabrovo Bulgaria

This paper presents the main points and stages in the design and development of an electronic voting system and processing of its results in a higher education institution are presented. The main tasks and requirements of the designed system are described. The base model, information flows, relational scheme of the database, and the block diagram of the functional modules of the system are presented. The system automates the creation and processing of ballots in different variants, considering the specifics of elections in a higher education institution: election of governing bodies, election of student representatives, decision-making on the educational process, and management of the institution. The key functionalities of the system solve some problems encountered in existing e-voting systems. It provides accountability in voting and ensures anonymity in the voting process, protection from hacker attacks, reliability, and uptime in operation. It allows voter identity verification and voting by authorized persons. Includes simplified voting procedure and result processing. The processing of results is transparent and fair. It has an intuitive and easy-to-use program interface.

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Substantiation of Requirements to the Optimal Functionally Stable Direct Adaptive System of Recovery control 16

Substantiation of Requirements to the Optimal Functionally S...

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16th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Trends in Radioelectronics, Telecommunications and Computer Engineering, TCSET 2022

作者： Chumakevych, Viktor Ptashnvk, Vadym Sokulskyi, Oleg Puleco, Igor Daniv, Julian Lviv National Agrarian University Department of Information Technologies Lviv Ukraine National Technical University of Ukraine Department of Technical Systems Automation and Control Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute Kyiv Ukraine Department of Technical Systems Automation and Control National Technical University of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute Kyiv Ukraine Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University Department of Software Engineerin Zhytomyr Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9781665468619

The published results of previous researches of functionally stable systems are generalized based on the theory of recovery control. The verified structural scheme of the mathematical model for solving the problems of recovery control of functionally stable systems by the method of inverse dynamics problems is used. For a direct functionally stable system, it is possible to directly observe the parameters of the system and, therefore, there is no need to identify the object. In the adaptation circuit, it is necessary to have only an adjustment algorithm that adjusts the parameters of the recovery device in accordance with the obtained observation results. On the basis of the analysis of the features of optimal direct functionally stable systems, a generalized optimality condition is proposed using the theory of recovery control. The structural scheme of the optimal direct adaptive system is substantiated. The study outcomes show that the presence of delays in the object leads to the need to evaluate the additional parameters that are not directly involved in the adjustment of the control device, i.e., the delay causes complications in the adjustment algorithm. The conducted investigations have allowed the formulation of conditions for optimal algorithms of adjustment of direct adaptive systems. The structural scheme of the optimal direct adaptive system is also obtained. In further research, based on the analysis of the structure of predictors and their features, the conditions are imposed to ensure their optimal structure. Consideration of this issue will also allow us to consider in detail the class of optimal indirect functionally stable systems. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Determining of the degree of intelligence of artificial intelligence systems

Determining of the degree of intelligence of artificial inte...

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International Conference on Computing and Networking Technology (ICCNT)

作者： Aldeniz Rashidov Department of Automation Information and Control Systems Technical University of Gabrovo Gabrovo Bulgaria

This work presents the factors that determine the degree of intelligence of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. A methodology for determining the degree of intelligence of AI systems is proposed. The concepts of intelligence quotient of artificial intelligence systems (AISIQ), average level of intelligence of AI systems, and correction factor for the age of an intelligent AI system, are defined. Determining the degree of intelligence of AI systems will allow assess the ability of an AI systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. This can be useful for evaluating the efficiency and reliability of the system and for identifying areas where it can be improved. Determining the degree of intelligence of an AI system can help in decision-making for implementation in various fields, as well as in assessing the potential risks and benefits of its use.

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