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Efficient Saliency Map Detection for Low-Light Images Based on Image Gradient

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2024年第2期34卷 852-865页

作者： Lin, Chun-Yi Haq, Muhamad Amirul Chen, Jiun-Han Ruan, Shanq-Jang Naroska, Edwin National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Taipei10607 Taiwan Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Science Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Krefeld47805 Germany

Recently, deep learning has been widely employed across various domains. The Convolution Neural Network (CNN), a popular deep learning algorithm, has been successfully utilized in object recognition tasks, such as face recognition, vehicle recognition, and license plate recognition. However, conventional methods for object recognition may not be appropriate for low-light image recognition due to information loss in the dark regions and unexpected noise that can impair object quality. Therefore, the development of specialized techniques for low-light image enhancement has become a major research focus for object detection. This paper proposed a gradient-based saliency map detection method with an improved ResNet architecture that outperforms previous works in detecting multiple or large objects. Additionally, the proposed method enhances images with the object as the center and emphasizes foreground-background differences. Compared with previous works, this paper achieves1.28× improvements in the parameters and 1.32× faster inference speed than the original ResNet architecture. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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ELCD-NSC2: a novel early lung cancer detection and non-small cell classification framework

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第24期36卷 15149-15164页

作者： Helaly, Hadeer A. Badawy, Mahmoud El-Gendy, Eman M. Haikal, Amira Y. Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Damietta University Damietta Egypt Computers and Control Systems Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Department of Computer Science and Informatics Taibah University Medina Saudi Arabia

The survival rate of lung cancer relies significantly on how far the disease has spread when it is detected, how it reacts to the treatment, the patient’s overall health, and other factors. Therefore, the earlier the lung cancer diagnosis, the higher the survival rate. For radiologists, recognizing malignant lung nodules from computed tomography (CT) scans is a challenging and time-consuming process. As a result, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been suggested to alleviate these burdens. Deep-learning approaches have demonstrated remarkable results in recent years, surpassing traditional methods in different fields. Researchers are currently experimenting with several deep-learning strategies to increase the effectiveness of CAD systems in lung cancer detection with CT. This work proposes a deep-learning framework for detecting and diagnosing lung cancer. The proposed framework used recent deep-learning techniques in all its layers. The autoencoder technique structure is tuned and used in the preprocessing stage to denoise and reconstruct the medical lung cancer dataset. Besides, it depends on the transfer learning pre-trained models to make multi-classification among different lung cancer cases such as benign, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The proposed model provides high performance while recognizing and differentiating between two types of datasets, including biopsy and CT scans. The Cancer Imaging Archive and Kaggle datasets are utilized to train and test the proposed model. The empirical results show that the proposed framework performs well according to various performance metrics. According to accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC metrics, it achieves 99.60, 99.61, 99.62, 99.70, and 99.75%, respectively. Also, it depicts 0.0028, 0.0026, and 0.0507 in mean absolute error, mean squared error, and root mean square error metrics. Furthermore, it helps physicians effectively diagnose lung cancer in its early stages and allows spe

关键词： Image classification

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mmWave Radar-Based Non-Invasive Vehicle Occupancy Detection with Insights from Vision, RF, and Physical Sensors: A Review

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 18643-18661页

作者： Yousaf, Jawad Palmer, Alyssa Shams, Maitha Wasma, Zayna Qasymeh, Montasir Hassan, Taimur Arora, Deepak Ghazal, Mohammed Abu Dhabi University Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Liwa College Faculty of Engineering and Computing Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

The potential uses of human occupancy detection (HOD) in vehicles are crucial for handling resources, passenger safety, and privacy-preserving technology. In this study, the usage of various sensor systems for non-invasive vehicle occupant detection is examined, including mmWave radar, vision-based, and physical sensors. These technologies undergo a thorough review analysis that looks at methods, performance indicators, and use cases before being assessed for robustness, accuracy, real-time capabilities, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. The impact of clutter, scalability, and privacy in car interiors on HOD is also thoroughly discussed. Based on its ability to balance cost, accuracy, and adaptability, frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is termed the best option for vehicle occupant identification. The study discussed the possible challenges and future direction, as well as the conclusion provides research opportunities in hybrid sensing systems and advanced machine learning integration to overcome existing constraints. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency shift keying

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Metaheuristic-Driven Two-Stage Ensemble Deep Learning for Lung/Colon Cancer Classification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 3855-3880页

作者： Pouyan Razmjouei Elaheh Moharamkhani Mohamad Hasanvand Maryam Daneshfar Mohammad Shokouhifar Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering Valie-e-Asr University of RafsanjanKerman***Iran International Academic Relations Office(IRO) Computer Science DepartmentUniversity of HalabjaHalabja46018Iraq Department of Computer Engineering University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabil***Iran Department of Biomedical Engineering Islamic Azad University of MashhadMashhad***Iran Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran***Iran

This study investigates the application of deep learning,ensemble learning,metaheuristic optimization,and image processing techniques for detecting lung and colon cancers,aiming to enhance treatment efficacy and improve survival *** introduce a metaheuristic-driven two-stage ensemble deep learning model for efficient lung/colon cancer *** diagnosis of lung and colon cancers is attempted using several unique indicators by different versions of deep Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)in feature extraction and model constructions,and utilizing the power of various Machine Learning(ML)algorithms for final ***,we consider different scenarios consisting of two-class colon cancer,three-class lung cancer,and fiveclass combined lung/colon cancer to conduct feature extraction using four *** extracted features are then integrated to create a comprehensive feature *** the next step,the optimization of the feature selection is conducted using a metaheuristic algorithm based on the Electric Eel Foraging Optimization(EEFO).This optimized feature subset is subsequently employed in various ML algorithms to determine the most effective ones through a rigorous evaluation *** top-performing algorithms are refined using the High-Performance Filter(HPF)and integrated into an ensemble learning framework employing weighted *** findings indicate that the proposed ensemble learning model significantly surpasses existing methods in classification accuracy across all datasets,achieving accuracies of 99.85%for the two-class,98.70%for the three-class,and 98.96%for the five-class datasets.

关键词： Lung cancer colon cancer feature selection electric eel foraging optimization deep learning ensemble learning

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Optimization of Cooperative RelayingMolecular Communications for Nanomedical Applications

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1259-1275页

作者： Eman S.Attia Ashraf A.M.Khalaf Fathi E.Abd El-Samie Saied M.Abd El-atty Konstantinos A.Lizos Osama Alfarraj Heba M.El-Hoseny Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMinia61111Egypt Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Department of Informatics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Oslo(UiO)OsloNorway Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Department of Computer science The Higher Future Institute for Specialized Technological StudiesEl ShoroukEgypt

Recently,nano-systems based on molecular communications via diffusion(MCvD)have been implemented in a variety of nanomedical applications,most notably in targeted drug delivery system(TDDS)***,because the MCvD is unreliable and there exists molecular noise and inter symbol interference(ISI),cooperative nano-relays can acquire the reliability for drug delivery to targeted diseased cells,especially if the separation distance between the nano transmitter and nano receiver is *** this work,we propose an approach for optimizing the performance of the nano system using cooperative molecular communications with a nano relay scheme,while accounting for blood flow effects in terms of drift *** fractions of the molecular drug that should be allocated to the nano transmitter and nano relay positioning are computed using a collaborative optimization problem solved by theModified Central Force Optimization(MCFO)*** the previous work,the probability of bit error is expressed in a closed-form *** is used as an objective function to determine the optimal velocity of the drug molecules and the detection threshold at the nano *** simulation results show that the probability of bit error can be dramatically reduced by optimizing the drift velocity,detection threshold,location of the nano-relay in the proposed nano system,and molecular drug budget.

关键词： Nanomedical system molecular communication cooperative relay optimization

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Photovoltaic power one-day and multistep-hourly AI predictions using node-by-node evolved binomial tree structures to form L-transformed PDE modules

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Soft Computing 2025年第5期29卷 2483-2495页

作者： Zjavka, Ladislav Department of Computer Science Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava 17. Listopadu 15/2172 Ostrava Czech Republic

Photovoltaic (PV) power is generated by two common types of solar components that are primarily affected by fluctuations and development in cloud structures as a result of uncertain and chaotic processes. Local PV forecasting is unavoidable in supply and load planning necessary in integration of smart systems into electrical grids. Intra- or day-ahead modelling of weather patterns based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) allows one to refine available 24 h. cloudiness forecast or predict PV production at a particular plant location during the day. AI usually gets an adequate prediction quality in shorter-level horizons, using the historical meteo- and PV record series as compared to Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) systems. NWP models are produced every 6 h to simulate grid motion of local cloudiness, which is additionally delayed and usually scaled in a rough less operational applicability. Differential Neural Network (DNN) is based on a newly developed neurocomputing strategy that allows the representation of complex weather patterns analogous to NWP. DNN parses the n-variable linear Partial Differential Equation (PDE), which describes the ground-level patterns, into sub-PDE modules of a determined order at each node. Their derivatives are substituted by the Laplace transforms and solved using adapted inverse operations of Operation Calculus (OC). DNN fuses OC mathematics with neural computing in evolution 2-input node structures to form sum modules of selected PDEs added step-by-step to the expanded composite model. The AI multi- 1…9-h and one-stage 24-h models were evolved using spatio-temporal data in the preidentified daily learning sequences according to the applied input–output data delay to predict the Clear Sky Index (CSI). The prediction results of both statistical schemes were evaluated to assess the performance of the AI models. Intraday models obtain slightly better prediction accuracy in average errors compared to those applied in the second-day-ahead

关键词： Laplace transforms

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Geometric Interpretation of Sensitivity to Structured Uncertainties in Spintronic Networks

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IEEE Control Systems Letters 2025年 9卷 192-197页

作者： O'Neil, S.P. Jonckheere, E.A. Schirmer, S. United States Military Academy Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science NY United States University of Southern California Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering CA United States Swansea University Faculty of Science and Engineering Physics United Kingdom

We present a geometric model of the differential sensitivity of the fidelity error for state transfer in a spintronic network based on the relationship between a set of matrix operators. We show an explicit dependence of the differential sensitivity on the fidelity (error), and we further demonstrate that this dependence does not require a trade-off between the fidelity and sensitivity. We prove that for closed systems, ideal performance in the sense of perfect state transfer is both necessary and sufficient for optimal robustness in terms of vanishing sensitivity. We demonstrate the utility of this geometric interpretation of the sensitivity by applying the model to explain the sensitivity versus fidelity error data in two examples. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Hybrid In-Vehicle Background Noise Reduction for Robust Speech Recognition:The Possibilities of Next Generation 5G Data Networks

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 4659-4676页

作者： Radek Martinek Jan Baros Rene Jaros Lukas Danys Jan Nedoma VSB-Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceDepartment of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering70800Ostrava-PorubaCzechia VSB Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceDepartment of Telecommunications70800Ostrava-PorubaCzechia

This pilot study focuses on employment of hybrid LMS-ICA system for in-vehicle background noise *** vehicles are nowadays increasingly supporting voice commands,which are one of the pillars of autonomous and SMART *** speaker recognition for context-aware in-vehicle applications is limited to a certain extent by in-vehicle back-ground *** article presents the new concept of a hybrid system which is implemented as a virtual *** highly modular concept of the virtual car used in combination with real recordings of various driving scenarios enables effective testing of the investigated methods of in-vehicle background noise *** study also presents a unique concept of an adaptive system using intelligent clusters of distributed next generation 5G data networks,which allows the exchange of interference information and/or optimal hybrid algorithm settings between individual *** average,the unfiltered voice commands were successfully recognized in 29.34%of all scenarios,while the LMS reached up to 71.81%,and LMS-ICA hybrid improved the performance further to 73.03%.

关键词： 5G noise reduction hybrid algorithms speech recognition 5G data networks in-vehicle background noise

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Three-Level Unipolar/Bipolar Buck-Boost AC-AC Converters with Less Active Switches and No Commutation Issues

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2024年第2期10卷 4184-4200页

作者： Ahmed, Hafiz Furqan Zaabi, Omar Al El Moursi, Mohamed Shawky Hosani, Khalifa Al National Sun Yat-sen University Department of Electrical Engineering Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Mansoura University Faculty of Engineering Mansoura35516 Egypt

This article proposes three-level (TL) buck-boost direct ac-ac converters based on switching-cell configuration with coupled magnetics. The proposed converters use only six active switches and can produce noninverting buck (NIBu), noninverting boost (NIBo), versatile noninverting buck-boost (VNIBB), and inverting buck-boost (IBB) output voltages. Unlike the conventional ac-ac converters, pulsewidth modulation (PWM) dead and overlap times are allowed in the proposed converters without switch voltage and current overshoots, respectively, making it free of commutation issues without requiring extra circuitry and control. Moreover, high-speed power MOSFETs can be utilized without the conduction of their body diodes and related poor reverse recovery issues. The proposed converters generate TL input and output voltages, increasing the voltage levels of input-output inductors and reducing their voltage stresses. In addition, a phase shift PWM control is utilized, which enhances the actual frequency of input and output voltages by twice the operating frequency of the switching devices. Consequently, input and output inductors can be designed much smaller, while reducing input-output current ripples. The proposed circuits also feature shared-ground point between ac source and load and provide continuous input and output currents. Two circuit topologies are proposed: Type-I is a noninverting (unipolar) buck-boost converter with less magnetic components and diodes and Type-II is a bipolar buck-boost converter. The experimental test results on a 400-W laboratory circuit are given to verify the operation of the proposed converter. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Buck-Boost converter

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Enhancing waste sorting and recycling efficiency: robust deep learning-based approach for classification and detection

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4567-4583页

作者： Sayem, Faizul Rakib Islam, Md. Sakib Bin Naznine, Mansura Nashbat, Mohammad Hasan-Zia, Mazhar Kunju, Ali K Ansaruddin Khandakar, Amith Ashraf, Azad Majid, Molla Ehsanul Kashem, Saad Bin Abul Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Biomedical Engineering Military Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science & Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Rajshahi6204 Bangladesh Chemical Engineering Department University of Doha for Science and Technology Doha Qatar Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Computer Applications Department Academic Bridge Program Qatar Foundation Doha Qatar Department of Computing Science AFG College With the University of Aberdeen Doha Qatar

Given the severity of waste pollution as a major environmental concern, intelligent and sustainable waste management is becoming increasingly crucial in both developed and developing countries. The material composition and volume of urban solid waste are key considerations in processing, managing, and utilizing city waste. Deep learning technologies have emerged as viable solutions to address waste management issues by reducing labor costs and automating complex tasks. However, the limited number of trash image categories and the inadequacy of existing datasets have constrained the proper evaluation of machine learning model performance across a large number of waste classes. In this paper, we present robust waste image classification and object detection studies using deep learning models, utilizing 28 distinct recyclable categories of waste images comprising a total of 10,406 images. For the waste classification task, we proposed a novel dual-stream network that outperformed several state-of-the-art models, achieving an overall classification accuracy of 83.11%. Additionally, we introduced the GELAN-E (generalized efficient layer aggregation network) model for waste object detection tasks, obtaining a mean average precision (mAP50) of 63%, surpassing other state-of-the-art detection models. These advancements demonstrate significant progress in the field of intelligent waste management, paving the way for more efficient and effective solutions. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Deep learning for waste management Intelligent waste management Object detection in waste management Sustainable waste processing Urban solid waste Waste image classification

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