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Nature Reviews Clean Technology 2025年第1期1卷

作者： Xiaotu Ma Zifei Meng Yan Wang Marilena Velonia Bellonia Jeffrey Spangenberger Gavin Harper Eric Gratz Elsa Olivetti Renata Arsenault Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA Technology and Policy Program Institute for Data Systems and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA ReCell Center Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL USA School of Metallurgy and Materials University of Birmingham Birmingham UK The Faraday Institution Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot UK Ascend Elements Inc. Westborough MA USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Ford Ion Park Battery Center of Excellence Romulus MI USA

Demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing owing to the expanding use of electrical vehicles and stationary energy storage. Efficient and closed-loop battery recycling strategies are therefore needed, which will require recovering materials from spent LIBs and reintegrating them into new batteries. In this Review, we outline the current state of LIB recycling, evaluating industrial and developing technologies. Among industrial technologies, pyrometallurgy can be broadly applied to diverse electrode materials but requires operating temperatures of over 1,000 °C and therefore has high energy consumption. Hydrometallurgy can be performed at temperatures below 200 °C and has material recovery rates of up to 93% for lithium, nickel and cobalt, but it produces large amounts of wastewater. Developing technologies such as direct recycling and upcycling aim to increase the efficiency of LIB recycling and rely on improved pretreatment processes with automated disassembly and cleaner mechanical separation. Additionally, the range of materials recovered from spent LIBs is expanding from the cathode materials recycled with established methods to include anode materials, electrolytes, binders, separators and current collectors. Achieving an efficient recycling ecosystem will require collaboration between recyclers, battery manufacturers and electric vehicle manufacturers to aid the design and automation of battery disassembly lines.

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Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence

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NATURE 2023年第7978期621卷 E33-E33页

作者： Wang, Hanchen Fu, Tianfan Du, Yuanqi Gao, Wenhao Huang, Kexin Liu, Ziming Chandak, Payal Liu, Shengchao Van Katwyk, Peter Deac, Andreea Anandkumar, Anima Bergen, Karianne Gomes, Carla P. Ho, Shirley Kohli, Pushmeet Lasenby, Joan Leskovec, Jure Liu, Tie-Yan Manrai, Arjun Marks, Debora Ramsundar, Bharath Song, Le Sun, Jimeng Tang, Jian Velickovic, Petar Welling, Max Zhang, Linfeng Coley, Connor W. Bengio, Yoshua Zitnik, Marinka Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA NVIDIA Santa Clara CA USA Department of Computational Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Department of Computer Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Computer Science Stanford University Stanford CA USA Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA USA Mila – Quebec AI Institute Montreal Quebec Canada Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada HEC Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada CIFAR AI Chair Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary Sciences Brown University Providence RI USA Data Science Institute Brown University Providence RI USA Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New York NY USA Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University Princeton NJ USA Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Physics and Center for Data Science New York University New York NY USA Google DeepMind London UK Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Microsoft Research Beijing China Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Harvard Data Science Initiative Cambridge MA USA Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Department of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Deep Forest Sciences Palo Alto CA USA BioMap Beijing China Mo

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Tribochemically Controlled Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Enabled by Contact Electrification

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第37期135卷

作者： Chen Wang Ruoqing Zhao Wenru Fan Prof. Dr. Lei Li Haoyang Feng Zexuan Li Ci Yan Xiaoyang Shao Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Matyjaszewski Prof. Dr. Zhenhua Wang Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

Traditional mechanochemically controlled reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) utilizes ultrasound or ball milling to regenerate activators, which induce side reactions because of the high-energy and high-frequency stimuli. Here, we propose a facile approach for tribochemically controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (tribo-ATRP) that relies on contact-electro-catalysis (CEC) between titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) particles and CuBr 2 /tris(2-pyridylmethylamine (TPMA), without any high-energy input. Under the friction induced by stirring, the TiO 2 particles are electrified, continuously reducing CuBr 2 /TPMA into CuBr/TPMA, thereby conversing alkyl halides into active radicals to start ATRP. In addition, the effect of friction on the reaction was elucidated by theoretical simulation. The results indicated that increasing the frequency could reduce the energy barrier for the electron transfer from TiO 2 particles to CuBr 2 /TPMA. In this study, the design of tribo-ATRP was successfully achieved, enabling CEC (ca. 10 Hz) access to a variety of polymers with predetermined molecular weights, low dispersity, and high chain-end fidelity.

关键词： Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Contact Electrification Friction Mechanochemistry Titanium Oxide

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The effects of UV light wavelength and distance differences in viral genetic material integrity

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3155卷

作者： Arya Adiningrat Ahmad Ghitha Fadhlurrahman Yuli Rismawanto Tony Khristanto Hariadi Maria Ulfa Rama Okta Wiyagi Muhammad Yusvin Mustar Molecular Medicine and Therapy Laboratory Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Bantul Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Bantul Indonesia Master of Hospital Administration Postgraduate Program Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Bantul Indonesia

The pandemic has shown viral capacity in massive spreading and environmental adaptability for years. It has infected millions of people with several symptoms leading to millions of mortality worldwide. Its fast-spreading capacity, unpredictability prognosis and variants appearance are leading big threats, particularly to the health facilities. Therefore, appropriate health protection equipment, including adequate and safe decontamination procedures, is required to support the facilities in overcoming potential future contaminating pathogens. Unfortunately, only a few studies evaluated the utilization of medical decontamination devices. Rapid and massive manufacturing of decontamination devices without further and adequate post-monitoring may have several side effects. Therefore, careful and continuing consideration and evaluation studies are necessary to maintain the devices’ quality and performance. This study aims to evaluate the ability of UV lights as laboratory devices to impair viral components. Clinical RNA samples were provided by the COVID-19 laboratory examiner as blinded samples without any subject information. SARS-CoV2 RNA (a viral representative RNA material) extract was exposed to 5 different UV lights, with different distances and exposure duration. The exposed RNA was then sequentially used as a cDNA template and DNA amplification. Amplification products were visualized by electrophoresis and densitometry analysis. Visualization and densitometry analysis showed that the UV-LED Nichia NCSU 334 had the most significant disruptive ability among the tested lights. The exposure duration and distance altered the effectiveness of UV light in damaging viral genetic material. UV-LED Nichia NCSU 334 could be suggested as an alternative UV source in a UV light-based disinfection system. This study proposed direct evidence for evaluating decontamination devices to ensure the effectiveness of the decontamination process.

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Promotion of the Catalytic Polymerization of Hydroquinone Towards Humic-Like Substances by Graphitic Carbon Nitride

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ahmed, Mahmoud M.M. Liu, Yu-Ting Venkatesan, Srinivasadesikan Wu, Min Chien Nail, Howida M. Tzou, Der-Lii M. Lin, Ming-Chang Chen, Kai-Yue Tzou, Yu-Min Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung40227 Taiwan Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung40227 Taiwan Department of Chemistry School of Science and Humanities Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research Guntur Andhra Pradesh Vadlamudi522 213 India Graduate institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung40227 Taiwan Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Nangang Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Professional Bachelor Program of Farm Management National Chiayi University Chiayi600355 Taiwan

The utilization of graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) to enhance the oxidative polymerization of hydroquinone (HQ) within birnessite (δ-MnO2) systems was investigated. C3N4, a Lewis base enriched with nitrogen, acted as a bridge through π−π interactions between metal oxides and polyphenols. These interactions increased the affinity of the reactants, resulting in an enhanced reaction rate of six-fold, accelerated browning, and improved complex stability of C3N4...HQ...MnO2 complex. As a result, a humic-like substance (HS) was rapidly formed with improved surface morphology and larger particle sizes. Electron transfer of HQ...MnO2 promoted by C3N4 played a crucial role in HQ oxidation, expanding atomic distance and composite morphology. Theoretical calculations supported the experimental results, indicating strong affinity and higher binding energies in the C3N4...HQ...MnO2 complex. The complex had a more stable structure with a narrower HOMO-LUMO gap, facilitating HS formation. 13C and 1H NMR spectra confirmed the experimental-theoretical agreement. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Binding energy

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Decontamination of mobile phones and electronic devices for health care professionals using a chlorhexidine/carbomer 940■gel

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Frontiers of Chemical science and engineering 2019年第1期13卷 192-198页

作者： Rafael Muniz de Oliveira Nereida Mello da Rosa Gioppo Jancineide Oliveirade Carvalho Francilio Carvalho Oliveira Thomas Jay Webster Fernanda Roberta Marciano Anderson Oliveira Lobo University Hospital of the West of Parana State University of West of Parana Cascavel PR Brazil University Center for Health. Humanities and Technology of Piaui (UNINOVAFAPI). Piaui Brazil Science and Technology Institute Brasil University Itaquera SP Brazil Nanomedicine Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern University MA 02115 USA Materials Science and Engineering graduation program Technology Center Federal University of Piaui. PI Brazil

Though they reduce microorganism growth, current hospital disinfectants also damage many of today’s modern electronic devices such as tablets and smartphones. Herein, the efficacy of a new chlorhexidine digluconate gel (CDG) was tested as a disinfectant for mobile and electronic devices in a clinical environment. Specifically, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were used to infect the screen of eight smartphones. The CDG was prepared at concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6%, and tested on paper disks infected with these bacteria before being tested on the smartphones. The devices were disinfected with the CDG gel (4%) at two times: immediately and after 5 min of the bacterial contamination. In all cases, the CDG gel eliminated 100% of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms compared to the control (without any agent). In addition, the gel did not damage the smartphones. Therefore, our study suggests that the CDG gel may be applied to disinfect a wide range of electronic devices for health care professionals in the hospital environment.

关键词： smartphones disinfection clinical environment chlorhexidine bacteria

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Localized growth drives spongy mesophyll morphogenesis

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Treado, John D. Roddy, Adam B. Théroux-Rancourt, Guillaume Zhang, Liyong Ambrose, Chris Brodersen, Craig Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Institute of Environment Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University MiamiFL33199 United States University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute of Botany Vienna1180 Austria Department of Biology College of Arts and Science University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonS7N 5E2 Canada School of the Environment Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Benjamin Levich Institute City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Physics Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

The spongy mesophyll is a complex, porous tissue found in plant leaves that enables carbon capture and provides mechanical stability. Unlike many other biological tissues, which remain confluent throughout development, the spongy mesophyll must develop from an initially confluent tissue into a tortuous network of cells with a large proportion of intercellular airspace. How the airspace in the spongy mesophyll develops while the cells remain mechanically stable remains unknown. Here, we used computer simulations of deformable particles to develop a purely mechanical model for the development of the spongy mesophyll tissue. By stipulating that (1) cell perimeter grows only near voids, (2) cells both form and break adhesive bonds, and (3) the tissue pressure remains constant, the computational model was able to recapitulate the developmental trajectory of the microstructure of the spongy mesophyll observed in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Robust generation of pore space in the spongy mesophyll requires a balance of cell growth, adhesion, stiffness and tissue pressure to ensure cell networks remain both porous yet mechanically robust. The success of this mechanical model of tissue growth and porosity evolution suggests that simple physical principles can coordinate and drive the development of complex plant tissues like the spongy mesophyll. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Tissue

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Cyclotetrabenzil Derivatives for Electrochemical Lithium-Ion Storage

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第29期135卷

作者： Jianing Meng Dr. Alexandra Robles Dr. Said Jalife Wen Ren Ye Zhang Dr. Lihong Zhao Dr. Yanliang Liang Prof. Dr. Judy I. Wu Prof. Dr. Ognjen Š. Miljanić Prof. Dr. Yan Yao Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX-77204-5003 USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston Houston TX-77204-4004 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Houston Houston TX-77204 USA Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston University of Houston Houston TX-77204 USA

Organic electrode materials could revolutionize batteries because of their high energy densities, the use of Earth-abundant elements, and structural diversity which allows fine-tuning of electrochemical properties. However, small organic molecules and intermediates formed during their redox cycling in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have high solubility in organic electrolytes, leading to rapid decay of cycling performance. We report the use of three cyclotetrabenzil octaketone macrocycles as cathode materials for LIBs. The rigid and insoluble naphthalene-based cyclotetrabenzil reversibly accepts eight electrons in a two-step process with a specific capacity of 279 mAh g −1 and a stable cycling performance with ≈65 % capacity retention after 135 cycles. DFT calculations indicate that its reduction increases both ring strain and ring rigidity, as demonstrated by computed high distortion energies, repulsive regions in NCI plots, and close [C⋅⋅⋅C] contacts between the naphthalenes. This work highlights the importance of shape-persistency and ring strain in the design of redox-active macrocycles that maintain very low solubility in various redox states.

关键词： Cyclotetrabenzil Lithium-Ion Batteries Macrocycles Multielectron Transfer Ring Strain

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Electrochemical and mechanical performance of reduced graphene oxide, conductive hydrogel, and electrodeposited Pt-Ir coated electrodes: An active in vitro study

Electrochemical and mechanical performance of reduced graphe...

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作者： Dalrymple, Ashley N. Huynh, Mario Robles, Ulises Aregueta Marroquin, Jason B. Lee, Curtis D. Petrossians, Artin Whalen, John J. Li, Dan Parkington, Helena C. Forsythe, John S. Green, Rylie A. Poole-Warren, Laura A. Shepherd, Robert K. Fallon, James B. Bionics Institute St. Vincent's Hospital MelbourneVIC Australia Medical Bionics Department University of Melbourne MelbourneVIC Australia Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales SydneyNSW Australia Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash Institute of Medical Engineering Monash University MelbourneVIC Australia Platinum Group Coatings LLC PasadenaCA United States Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne MelbourneVIC Australia Department of Physiology Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University MelbourneVIC Australia Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London London United Kingdom Bionics Institute 384-388 Albert Street East MelbourneVIC Australia

Objective. To systematically compare the in vitro electrochemical and mechanical properties of several electrode coatings that have been reported to increase the efficacy of medical bionics devices by increasing the amount of charge that can be delivered safely to the target neural tissue. Approach. Smooth platinum (Pt) ring and disc electrodes were coated with reduced graphene oxide, conductive hydrogel, or electrodeposited Pt-Ir. Electrodes with coatings were compared with uncoated smooth Pt electrodes before and after an in vitro accelerated aging protocol. The various coatings were compared mechanically using the adhesion-by-tape test. Electrodes were stimulated in saline for 24 hours/day 7 days/week for 21 d at 85 °C (1.6-year equivalence) at a constant charge density of 200 µC/cm2/phase. Electrodes were graded on surface corrosion and trace analysis of Pt in the electrolyte after aging. Electrochemical measurements performed before, during, and after aging included electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and charge injection limit and impedance from voltage transient recordings. Main results. All three coatings adhered well to smooth Pt and exhibited electrochemical advantage over smooth Pt electrodes prior to aging. After aging, graphene coated electrodes displayed a stimulation-induced increase in impedance and reduction in the charge injection limit (p © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Platinum

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Metal-enriched nanoparticles and black carbon:A perspective from the Brazil railway system air pollution

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 624-635页

作者： Bianca D.Lima Elba C.Teixeira James C.Hower Matheus S.Civeira Omar Ramírez Cheng-Xue Yang Marcos L.S.Oliveira Luis F.O.Silva Postgraduate Program in Remote Sensing and Meteorology Geosciences InstituteUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulAv.Bento Gonçalves9500Porto AlegreRS 91501–970Brazil Research Department Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luís RoesslerAv.Borges de Medeiros261Porto AlegreRS 90020–021Brazil Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky2540 Research Park DriveLexingtonKY 40511USA Postgraduate Program in Mines Metallurgy and MaterialsUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulAv.Bento Gonçalves9500Porto AlegreRS 91501–970Brazil Faculty of Engineering Environmental EngineeringUniversidad Militar Nueva GranadaKm 2 CajicáZipaquiráColombia Institute of Earth Science China University of Geosciences(Beijing)29 Xueyuan RdHaidian DistrictChina Department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la CostaCUCCalle 58#55-66BarranquillaAtlanticoColombia Universidad de Lima Departamento de Ingeniería civil y Arquitectura.Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600–Santiago de Surco 1503Peru

Having a better understanding of air pollutants in railway systems is crucial to ensure a clean public *** study measured,for the first time in Brazil,nanoparticles(NPs)and black carbon(BC)on two groundlevel platforms and inside trains of the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre(MAPA).An intense sampling campaign during thirteen consecutive months was carried out and the chemical composition of NPs was examined by advanced microscopy *** results showed that highest concentrations of the pollutants occur in colder seasons and influenced by variables such as frequency of the trains and passenger ***,internal and external sources of pollution at the stations were *** predominance of NPs enriched with metals that increase oxidative stress like Cd,Fe,Pb,Cr,Zn,Ni,V,Hg,Sn,and Ba both on the platforms and inside trains,including Fe-minerals as hematite and magnetite,represents a critical risk to the health of passengers and employees of the *** interdisciplinary and multi-analytical study aims to provide an improved understanding of reported adverse health effects induced by railway system aerosols.

关键词： Nanoparticles Potential hazardous elements Environmental chemistry Human health Railway environment Indoor air quality

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