Ionomeric Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs) are smart materials formed by an electroactive polymer membrane coated on both sides by noble metal electrodes. When an electrical stimulus is applied, an electric field is g...
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Ultra-thin crystalline silicon stands as a cornerstone material in the foundation of modern micro and nano electronics. Despite the proliferation of various materials including oxide-based, polymer-based, carbon-based...
Ultra-thin crystalline silicon stands as a cornerstone material in the foundation of modern micro and nano electronics. Despite the proliferation of various materials including oxide-based, polymer-based, carbon-based, and two-dimensional (2D) materials, crystal silicon continues to maintain its stronghold, owing to its superior functionality, scalability, stability, reliability, and uniformity. Nonetheless, the inherent rigidity of the bulk silicon leads to incompatibility with soft tissues, hindering the utilization amid biomedical applications. Because of such issues, decades of research have enabled successful utilization of various techniques to precisely control the thickness and morphology of silicon layers at the scale of several nanometres. This review provides a comprehensive exploration on the features of ultra-thin single crystalline silicon as a semiconducting material, and its role especially among the frontier of advanced bioelectronics. Key processes that enable the transition of rigid silicon to flexible form factors are exhibited, in accordance with their chronological sequence. The inspected stages span both prior and subsequent to transferring the silicon membrane, categorized respectively as on-wafer manufacturing and rigid-to-soft integration. Extensive guidelines to unlock the full potential of flexible electronics are provided through ordered analysis of each manufacturing procedure, the latest findings of biomedical applications, along with practical perspectives for researchers and manufacturers.
Ordered mechanical systems typically have one or only a few stable rest configurations, and hence are not considered useful for encoding memory. Multistable and history-dependent responses usually emerge from quenched...
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This work presents a sustainable and efficient method for preparing a single crystal Ag-based MOF, namely VNU-30. VNU-30 was synthesized from AgNO 3 and 4,4′-bipyridine, with water as a solvent at room temperature. T...
This work presents a sustainable and efficient method for preparing a single crystal Ag-based MOF, namely VNU-30. VNU-30 was synthesized from AgNO 3 and 4,4′-bipyridine, with water as a solvent at room temperature. The method features important improvements compare to previous methods, including the absence of additives of bases or organic solvents, a low metal-to-ligand ratio, reduced energy consumption, and ability to achieve single crystals at room temperature. The as-synthesized VNU-30 demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against both Gram-negative bacteria ( E. coli and P. aeruginosa ) and Gram-positive bacteria (S . aureus and B. subtilis ), as well as yeast ( C. albicans ). The inhibition zone diameters ranged from 12 to 14 mm, making it comparable or even superior to previously reported MOF materials.
Molecular dynamics simulations of biomolecules have been widely adopted in biomedical studies. As classical point-charge models continue to be used in routine biomolecular applications, there have been growing demands...
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Molecular dynamics simulations of biomolecules have been widely adopted in biomedical studies. As classical point-charge models continue to be used in routine biomolecular applications, there have been growing demands on developing polarizable force fields for handling more complicated biomolecular processes. Here we focus on a recently proposed polarizable Gaussian Multipole (pGM) model for biomolecular simulations. A key benefit of pGM is its screening of all short-range electrostatic interactions in a physically consistent manner, which is critical for stable charge-fitting and is needed to reproduce molecular anisotropy. Another advantage of pGM is that each atom’s multipoles are represented by a single Gaussian function or its derivatives, allowing for more efficient electrostatics than other Gaussian-based models. In this study we present an efficient formulation for the pGM model defined with respect to a local frame formed with a set of covalent basis vectors. The covalent basis vectors are chosen to be along each atom’s covalent bonding directions. The new local frame allows molecular flexibility during molecular simulations and facilitates an efficient formulation of analytical electrostatic forces without explicit torque computation. Subsequent numerical tests show that analytical atomic forces agree excellently with numerical finite-difference forces for the tested system. Finally, the new pGM electrostatics algorithm is interfaced with the PME implementation in Amber for molecular simulations under the periodic boundary conditions. To validate the overall pGM/PME electrostatics, we conducted an NVE simulation for a small water box of 512 water molecules. Our results show that, to achieve energy conservation in the polarizable model, it is important to ensure enough accuracy on both PME and induction iteration. It is hoped that the reformulated pGM model will facilitate the development of future force fields based on the pGM electrostatics for applicatio
This study presents a novel approach for producing hierarchically porous carbon materials (HPCMs) from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a carbon source and sodium chloride (NaCl) as both a template and reaction medium...
This study presents a novel approach for producing hierarchically porous carbon materials (HPCMs) from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a carbon source and sodium chloride (NaCl) as both a template and reaction medium. The synthesis of HPCMs involved an ice-templating approach, followed by simultaneous molten salt-assisted carbonization and self-template activation, providing a facile, eco-friendly, and cost-efficient method. By adjusting the CMC to NaCl ratio, the specific surface area and pore characteristics of the HPCMs could be tailored, resulting in enhanced supercapacitive performance. The prepared HPCMs, characterized by a remarkable SSA and a high pore volume, exhibited a hierarchical pore distribution and an amorphous carbon structure. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrated outstanding performance. In a three-electrode system, the HPCMs delivered a high specific capacitance of 414.6 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 and retained 52.4 % at 50 A g −1 , demonstrating excellent rate capability. In a symmetric two-electrode device, they derived a high specific capacitance of 88.7 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 and maintained 73.2 % at 30 A g −1 . The device also showed nearly 100 % capacitance retention after 20,000 cycles at 30 A g −1 , along with a high energy density of 12.3 Wh kg −1 and high power density of 15,000 W kg −1 . These results highlight the strong potential of HPCMs-based materials for application in high-performance supercapacitors and other advanced energy storage systems.
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